ZINZENDORF, tsin'tsen-drirf, NIKOLAUS LrD WIG, Count you Zinzcndorf and Pottendorf 11700-60). Founder of the reorganized Moravian Church o• United Brethren. lie was born at Dresden, May 26, 1700, and was educated by his grandmother. Spener, the head of the Pietists, was a frequent visitor at her house, and his con versation, and the devotional exercises in which Zinzendo•f took part, influenced his character while a mere child. In 1710 he went to Halle, where he spent six years, under the special earn of Franeke, the philanthropist. (See FRANCKE, A. H.) In 1716 he was sent to Wittenberg, where Pietism was in less repute than at Halle; but he adhered to his early religious impressions. From T719 to 1721 he traveled through Holland and France, everywhere endeavoring to convert the distinguished persons whom he met to his own religious views. On his return to Dresden he was appointed a member of the Saxon State Council. But political life was little to his mind, and he returned to his country-seat in Upper Lusatia. While residing there, he accidentally met a wandering carpenter, named Christian David, a member of the old sect of Moravian Brethren. David described the persecutions to which the sect was exposed, and Zinzendo•f lis tened to the request of these Moravians that he would give them a refuge and invited them to settle on 'his estate; the colony received the name of `Herrnlint.' In 17:34 Zinzendorf went under a feigned name to Stralsund to pass an examination in theology, and was ordained a min ister of the Lutheran Church. In 1736 lie was banished from Saxon•, on a eh:r•ge of introducing dangerous novelties in religion. Ile repaired to llolland, where founded a Moravian colony, and afterwards to Esthonia and Livonia. where he also founded colonies. In 1737. at the request of King Frederick William 1. of Prussia. he was ordained bishop of the Moravians. In the same year he went to London, where he was received with numb consideration by \\•esley. in 1741 lie went to North America, and founded the cele brated Moravian colony at Bethlehem, Pa. He
labored earnestly to promote unity among the German settlers in the colony, but unsuccessful ly. He returned to Europe in 1743, and for the next twelve years he traveled through Great Brit ain, Holland, Germany, and Livonia, but made Chelsea, England, his headquarters. In 1747 he was permitted to visit Herrnhut, and in 1755 to return there permanently. Ile died at llerrnhut, May 9, 1760. Zinzendorf was the author of more than 100 works in verse and prose. His writings are often incoherent or mystical. The hest col lection of his hymns is by Knapp (Stuttgart, 1845).
The Life of Zinzendorf has been written by Spangenberg (Berby, 1772-75; abridged Eng. trans., London. 1838) Verbeek ((,nadau, 1845) ; Bovet (Eng. trans., The Banished Count, Lon don, 1865) ; Tow•ick (Heidelberg, 1882) ; Varn hagen von Euse (Leipzig, 1887) ; and Milner ((,nacin, 1900). Consult also Schrautenbach, Per Graf von Zin:enlor•f and die Briidergewrinde soinen Zeit (Gnadau, 1851) ; Burkhardt, Zin.:'en dorf mid die Briitlergemcinde (Gotha, 1866) ; Plitt, Zinzcntlorf's Theologic (ib., 1869-741 ; Becker, Zinzendorf i»t Ferhaltnis ze Philosophic vnd Kirehentunt seiner Zeit (Leipzig, 188G).•See MonAvtirts.
ZION (Heb. $iygon). The name of the acrop olis of the Jebusites, taken by David, who made it his residence and strengthened and extended it (II. Sam. v. 6-9: I. Chron. xi. 4-8). Christian tradition has located Zion upon the western and higher of the two hills on which Jerusalem is built, and this view is still adhered to by some scholars. An identification with the eastern or temple hill, however, agrees better with the nat ural conditions, the Old Testament references, and Jewish tradition. Just where on this hill the citadel stood cannot be determined without extensive excavations. In course of time the name Zion lost its narrower significance, and, in the Prophets, often stands for Jerusalem. while 'daughter of Zion' means the Jewish people. See JERUSALEM.