ZOUAVES. A body of troops in the French Army whose organization dates from 1830, when two battalions were formed by General Clausel from a tribe of Kabyles dwelling in Algeria. The name of the tribe was Zouaoua. which in French gave rise to the term zouave. The or ganization of these tribesmen as a part of the French Army was brought about to estahlish a friendly feeling between them and the conquerors, and inasmuch as they had been for years soldiers, they were considered an im portant addition to the army. French (avers were placed in charge and a pertain number of French soldiers were illehlded in the companies, which were formed into two battalions. The mingling of the French and natives did not prove satisfactory, and after 1830 none of the latter recruited, though regiments of Algerian tirailleurs were subsequently (1842) formed. The \loo•isli costume originally adopted was re tained, and the zouaves, who were recruited from veterans of exceptional physique and cour age, achieved a high reputation, serving not only in Africa, but also in the Crimea. Italy, Mexico,
and more recently in Tunis and Tongking. The zonaves accordingly became an integral part of the French Army and are now organized into four regiments of five battalions each, divided into four companies, the total being somewhat in excess of 13.000 men. The Papal or Pontifical zouaves, under the command of Gen eral Lamorieit.re, served in Rome from 1860 to 1870, and played an important part in resisting the Italian occupation of Rome. In the United States (luring the Civil War a number of North ern volunteer regiments adopted the zouave uniform and were known as zomives. Many of these organizations acquired great proficiency in drill and gave exhibitions throughout the \orthern States.