ZUCCARO, tsiirdz'ka-r5. TADDEO (1520-00). An Italian painter, born at Sant' Angelo in Vado, near Urbino. In 1548 he began a career of fresco painting for Julius III. and Paul IV., as well as for great nobles like the Duke of Urbino, which was only ended by his early death in Rome. He was a mannerist of the post-Raphaelite school, though he excels most of his contemporaries in breadth of treatment and dignity of composition, as exemplified particularly by his frescoes in the Palazzo Farnese at Caprarola, near Viterbo. His faults were transmitted to his brother and pupil, FEDERICO (c.1542-1009), born at Sant' .Angelo, who soon became the most. popular painter of his generation. was called upon to complete the "Last Judgment" begun by Vasari in the dome of the Cathedral of Florence, and upon his return to Rome was commissioned by Gregory XIII. to carry out Alichelangelo's designs for the decora tion of the Pauline Chapel. As the result of a quarrel he left this task and visited Flanders. Holland, and in 1574 England, where he made portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Mary Stuart, and many high personages. In 15S2 he painted several huge frescoes for the Doge's Palace in Venice, and on his return to Rome completed his. work in the Pauline Chapel. From 1555 to 1588 he was engaged in decorating the Escurial for Philip II.. and afterwards lived in Italy. In 1595 he founded the Academy of San Luca at Rome. and shortly before his death at Ancona was knighted by the Pope. His frescoes have all the exaggeration and artificiality of the school which he led. He depended for effect on enormous size and grotesque massing of con torted figures. His easel paintings are, however, more pleasing.
ZUG, 7..irg or tsao. A small canton of Switzer land, situated between Zurich. Schwyz, Lucerne, and Aargau. Area, 92 square miles (Map: Switz erland, C 1). It is mountainous in the southeast and mostly flat in the northwest. The eanton com prises the Lake of Aegeri and the larger part of the Lake of Zug. The chief occupations are stuck
breeding. dairying. and the manufacturing of cot ton. silk, and paper products. The Constitution provides for an elected legislative as.emhly (one member to every 350 inhabitants) and an elected executive council. Proportional representation, the initiative, and the referendum are in force. Population. in 1900, 25,045, largely German speaking Catholics. Capital, Zug (q.v.1. The town of Zug with a part of the surrounding territory was acquired by the Douse of Hapsburg in and was annexed by the Swiss Confedera tion in 1352. At the formation of the Helvetic Repuldie (1795) it became a part of the Forest 'anions, It was constituted an independent can ton in 180:3.
ZUG. The capital of the Canton of Zug. Switzerland, 19 miles by rail south of Zurich, at the ndrtheasl corner of the Lake of Zug (Map: Switzerland. C 1). The town, a pleasant summer resort having an elevation of about 1400 feet, affords a fine view of the Rowse Alps and is qua hit in appearance. There are a fifteenth-cen tury Gothic church, the Church of the Capu chin, an historical musemn. a museum of antismi Nes. and a fine late-Gothie town hall. Cotton goods, enamel wares, and woodcarvings are shipped, and there is an important fish-breeding establishment. In the vicinity of Zug is the Be Museum of Switzerland. Population. in 11100, 6.)08.
ZitGEL, tslygel, IIEmncif (1850—). A Ger man genre and animal painter. Ile was horn at Murrhardt, Wurttemberg, and studied in Stutt gart, Vienna, and :Munich. He took the first medal at the Munich exhibition of 1888. In 1894 he was appointed professor in the Karlsruhe art school, and the next year in the Academy of Munich, llis best known pictures include: "Sheep in the Woods" (1872, Leipzig Museum) ; "Sheep in an Alder Grove" (1875, National Gal lery, Berlin) ; "Span of Oxen" (1875) ; "Sum mer Sun" (1888. Rudolfinum, Prague) ; "Oxen at the Plow" (1886, Pinakothek, Munich).