ZULULAND, z'1-151141. A province of the British colony of Natal, bounded on the north by Swaziland and Portuguese East Africa, on the east and southeast by the Indian Ocean, and on the southwest and west by Natal. The former Transvaal district of Vryheid, now a part of Natal, borders directly on the west. Tongaland was annexed to Zululand December 27. 1897. and forms the northeastern neck of it. (See TONGA LAND.) The present area of Zululand is about 10,450 square miles. The population was esti mated in 1900 at 185.000, including 1200 Euro peans. Zululand proper represents about 8450 square miles and has about 140,000 inhabitants. It is traversed by mountains and lines of hills, but is capable of great agricultural productive ness, being well forested and well watered. The leading rivers are the Tugela. on the southern boundary, and the Umlatusi, Uravolosi, and the Mkusi, all flowing eastward into the ocean. The important Saint Lucia bay and lagoon are on this coast. The climate is healthful save along, the fever-strieken coast. The big tropical animals are not frequent, except leopards. The water areas swarm with crocodiles. The antelopes arc pro teeted by law. The mineral possibilities have been little examined into. The heavy forests in different sections of the land are protected by law from ruthless destruction. The natives cultivate corn and beans, and tend their extensive herds of cattle and sheep. The low districts border ing the ocean produce sugar. cotton, coffee, etc. Zululand offers splendid facilities for stock-rais ing. In order to protect the interests of the na tives, public lands are sold to Europeans with the approval of the British authorities. The in habitants are the warlike Zulu-Kafirs. Their tribal customs are carefully respected by the Im perial Government so far as practicable. Zulu land sends one member to the legislative council of Natal and two members to the legislative as sembly. The seat of the resident commissioner is at Ekowe.
Toward the close of the decade 1870-80 the warlike Zulus under their King, Cptewayo, be came a grave danger to the neighboring British colotties. At the beginning of 1879 the British
made war on them. On January 22d a British army met with a great disaster at Isandlana (Isandula). On April 2c1 the Zulus were re pulsed at Gingolovo, and on the following day the British force besieged in Ekowe was Prince Louis Napoleon, who had entered the British service, was slain in a reconnoissance on June 1st. On July 4th the Zulus were complete ly defeated at Ulundi and on August 28th Cete wayo was captured. The British restored Cete wavo to his rank in 1883 to end local difficulties with the native princes. The district south of the Tugela, however, Great Britain reserved for its own uses, and another part on the northeast was also set off, so that the King was limited to the middle portion of the land. Difficulties arose, and Cetewayo was deposed again before the close of 1883. He died the next year. His son, Dinizulu, headed a large party of Zulus, and aided by the Boers, who had received from him a strip of land in the west, he maintained a hostile ride. The Boers established the New Republic' in the district, and extended their control to the Umlatusi and Saint Lucia Bay. In 1886 the Boers and British arrived at the terms of an understanding by which the New Republic was recognized. In return the Boers pledged them selves to vacate the rest of Zululand and re nounce recognition of Dinizulu's protectorate. The New Republic was annexed to the South African Republic in 1858, the remainder of Zulu land having been declared a British Crown colony in 1887. In 1S8S Dinizulu attempted an insurrection, but was taken prisoner, and exiled to Saint Helena. He was later, however, sent back to his country. After 1889 small districts in the north, including those of the chiefs Sam bana and Umtegiza, were added to British Zulu land. On December 30. 1897, the whole Province of Zululand, including Tongaland. was annexed to Natal. Consult: Haggard. Crtywoyo and His ll'hite Yeighbors (London. 1896) ; Jenkinson, Amat'ultt, the Zulus, Their Past History, Nan tiers, Customs; and Language (London, 1882) ; Tyler. Forty Years in Zululand (Boston, 1891).