BI ELIOGRAPU Y. \\a pplius, Handbuch der GC0 graphic and Statistik des Kaiserrachs Brasilien (Leipzig, 1871); Handbook of Brazil (Buenos Ayres, 1873) ; Levassenr. Le Brcsil (Paris, 1889) ; Fletcher and Kidder, Brazil and the Brazilians (London.1880); Child, The Span ish-American Republics (New York. 1891); Hartt. Geology and Physical Geography of Brazil (Boston, 1870) ; Derby, "Physisehe Geographic) and Geologic von Brasilien," in .1/ifteilungen der geographisehen Gesellschaft zu Jena, Vol. V. (Jena, 1886) ; Liais, Climat, geologic, Mune et g(ographie botaniquc du Bresil (Paris, 1872) ; Martins. Eichler, and Urban. Flora Brasiliensis (Munich. 1897) ; Carapebus, Notices sur les rcs sources M in era les du Bresil (Paris, 1885) ; Wells, Exploring and Trareling Three Thousand Niles Through Brazil (Philadelphia, 1886) ; Andrews. Brazil, Its Conditions and Prospects (New York, 1891) ; Schanz. Das hentige Brasilia?, Land, Leute and wirthschaftliche FerhitUnisse (Bain burg, 1893) ; Still, "Brazilian Position and Pros pects," in The Journal of Finance, Vol. III. (Lon don. 1898) ; Constatt, Das republikanische Bra silia?, in Vergangenhcit and (legato•art (Leip zig. 1889) ; Lamberg, Brasilicn. Land and Leute in ethniseher, politischcr and yolks wirthschaftlicher Bczichung and Enheickelung (Leipzig, 1899), based upon twenty years' study and sojourn in Brazil; The United Slates of Brazil: A Geographical Sketch, with Special Reference to Economic Conditions and Prospects of Future Development, Bureau of the American Republics (Washington, 1901); Santa-Anna The Land of the Amazons, trans. by Humphry (New York, 1901). con
tains numerous bibliographical references. Much valuable information may also be derived from Rerista trimensal de historia c yeographia, pub lished by the institute historico, geographico e etnographieo do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, 1839, et seq.).
For a standard history in English, consult: Southey. History of Brazil (London, 1810-19) ; continued by Armitage (London, 1836). whose work covers the period of the Bragamiza family's residence in America: for au authoritative gen eral work in Portm,mese. Varnhagen. Historia geral do Brazil (llio de Janeiro. 1855) ; and for Brazil in the Nineteenth Century, Da Silva. Historic do fumbled° do braziliero (5 vols., Rio de Janeiro, 186-1-82) : for an ac count of the fall of the Empire and the rise of the Republic. Fialho, Historia d'estabelecimento rla rryitblira dos Estados l'aidos do Brazil (Rio de Janeiro. 1890).