CABBAGE INSECTS. Many insects infest cabbage-plants. the chief of which are as follows: eabbage-Aphix.—A plant-Ifinse (.4phis bras sica') brownish-black above, light-green below. which infests the leaves of cabbages and turnips in both Europe and America. See APHIDS. rah Laye.lium—A pentatomid hug (Margantia trieniee) called the 'harlequin.' on account of its brilliant coloring (black. yellow, and red), which has spread within the last half-century from Central America throughout the United States, and plays havoc with cabbages and similar plants. It hibernates in tufts of grass and weeds, and attacks the young plants; a strong wash of lime-water is reeommended as a remedy.
Cobbaye-Buttcrfly.—A name common' to SeV era' species of white butterflies of the family Pieridir. whose lame, known as cabbage-worms or kale-•orms, feed on the leaves of the cabbage and other crueiferons plants. About a dozen species occur in North America, the most de structive of which is Picris repo?, a European species introduced by way of Canada about 1860, and now' spread over nearly all the United States, In the North it is three-brooded, and in the South is probably even more prolific. Its cater pillar has the green color of the cabbage with a lemon.yellow dorsal baud: and it not only eats the leaves before heading-time of the plant, but burrows through the heads. Since Paris green and other poisons cannot be used on the cabbage, this is a diffieult pest to combat. Pyrethrum and kerosene emulsions are most to be relied upon, and must be :Tidied before the cabbage heads. The pupa is bare. and suspended by means of a caudal attachment and a medium girdle. The butterfly is white and pale yellow. the fore wings tipped with black; the female has two ad ditional dots and the male one. As in all other eases of introduced pests, the cabbage butterfly does not cause as much damage now as when first introduced. Either it has acquired new para sites and other foes which keep down its num bers, or its old ones have been able to overtake it in the new country. oleracea is a
native white form, with little or no black mark ings, of the northern part of the United States and southern Canada; its larva may also feed cn the cabbage, as we]] as turnips, radish, cauli flower. mustard. and various other plants of economic value to man. Picris protodice, whose wings are marked with grayish brown, occurs over nearly the whole of the United States: its larva), striped with alternate golden and green ish purple bands, may likewise feed on cabbage. There is a very marked sexual dimorphism in this species, the female being much the more darkly marked. Picric brassieff and Pieris napi are two other European agricultural pests of this same family. and several very beautiful spe cies occur in South America. Our native forms are diminishing in lumbers, since they cannot well compete with the hardy foreign Picris mar.
Cabbage-Cuticorm.—The destructive larva of a cabbage - moth. Cabbage- Flea. — A flea - beetle (q.v.) which attacks this and similar plants, as Haltiea consobrina : there are many forms. t'abbagc-F/p.—A small gray fly (Phorbia bras sica•) whose maggot preys upon the roots of cab bages; it is related to the housefly and is one of a group of garden-pests, such as the turnip-fly, onion-tly. etc. Cabbage-Moth.—A noetuid moth (Manicatra pieta) whose larva is called the zebra caterpillar, being yellowish, marked by three longitudinal bands of black. It feeds on cabbage and turnip It-ayes and also on the cran berry. The change to the brown pupa is made in the ground in the autumn. The chestnut brown fore wings of the moth are mottled with dark brown and white; the hind wings are pale yellow. ehrysalids should be destroyed dug up with the soil, and the cater pillars should be removed from the plant and destroyed. Grooves in the soil, encircling the plants and filled with tar, gas-linie, or quicklime, are said to he a protective. rabbage-Worm.— Any caterpillar injurious to cabbage; specifically that of the cabbage-butterfly.