CADILLAC, ka'divyille. ANTOINE DE LA MOTILE ( C.1660-1720). A French military officer, the founder of Detroit, Mich. Ile was born in Gaseony. of a noble French family. spent some time in Acadia as a captain in the French Army, and in 1694 was appointed by Frontenae com mander of Michilimackinac. flew he remained until 1697. when lie laid before Louis \TV. his plan for a permanent settlement as a trading post for the Northwest. With the King's ap proval he founded Detroit in 1701. with fifty settlers and fifty soldiers. He was Governor of Louisiana from 1712 to 1717, when he re turned to France. where he died. Consult Park man, .t Half crntury of Conflict (Boston, 189:2).
Sp. pron. kalnkb (Fr. Cadix; an ciently, Lat. Augusta lull(' (Militant,. earlier Gadrs, Ilk. raiSeipa, Gaileiro., from Phoenician Gedir, hedge, stockade, fort). A city of Spain, in Andalusia, capital of the province of its name and one of the most important seaports of the kingdom, situated on the Atlantic (slap: Spain, B 4). It is built on a narrow tongue of land pro jecting from the kla de Leon. The harbor of Cadiz is spacious. strongly ford tied. and divided into two parts, the large roadstead between Santa Cata lina and Cadiz, and the smaller but safer harbor between the fortifications of Slatagorda and Puntales. The town is surrounded by strong walls on the northwest and south, and by nu merous fortresses which guard the entrances to the outer and inner harbors.
Cadiz presents a picturesque appearance, the whiteness of its buildings forming a striking con trast with the blue ocean. In its arrangement, it is one of the most modern of Spanish cities, and although its limited site does not admit of wide avenues or extensive squares. its narrow streets are well paved and lighted, and scrupu lously clean. The houses are invariably white washed, and in most cases surmounted by towers, or affording an excellent view of the sea. The main street is the Calle del Duque de Tetuan, and the chief squares are the Plaza de la Constitueion. Plaza de Mina, and Plaza de la Catedral. Cadiz has a fine promenade, the Alameda de Apodaca. extending along the water on the north, and the extensive Parque Genoves with a summer theatre. The two cathedrals are of recent construction, and possess little archi tectural merit. In the southern part of the city is situated the old Capuchin convent. now used as an asylum, with the small church of Santa Citalina. containing Alurillo's "Betrothal of
Saint Catharine." a work which derives special interest from the fact that the master died while engaged in its execution. In the centre of the town is situated the Torre de Vigia, a watch-tower about 100 feet high, used as a signal station, and affording a magnificent ocean view. Cadiz. in spite of its maritime position, has a very hot. and rather unhealthful climate, which, together with the inadequate water-sup ply. causes the high death-rate of about 44 per 1000. The city is the seat of a bishop and of a number of consular representatives. The educa tional institutions include a faculty of medicine affiliated with the University of Seville, schools of art and commerce, a theological seminary, and a number of minor schools. There are also a number of theatres and libraries, and an archeo logical museum. The Aeadi•ia de Deltas Artes contains a fine gallery of Italian and Spanish The commercial importance of Cadiz has been gradually declining, owing to the decreased com munication with South America and the \Vest Indies. The chief exports are sherry, olive oil, salt, and southern fruits. There is regular steam commIlilh.ation with Great Britain, the Canary Islands, the West Indies, France, South America. and Morocco. Population, in 1887, 62,531; in 1897. 70,177.
History.—Cadiz is one of the most ancient towns in Europe, having been built by the Phalli clans. under the name of Gadir, about 350 years before the foundation of Rome, or about n.c. 1000. It afterwards passed into the hands of the Car thaginians. from whom it was captured by the Romans, who named it (lades, and under them it soon became a city of vast wealth and impor tance. It was occupied by the Goths from the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the battle of the Guadalete, when the Moors took possession of the southern peninsula. It was taken by the Christians in 1262. In 1587 Drake destroyed the Spanish ships of war at Cadiz. In 1596 the town was captured and sacked by the English under Howard and Essex. The French invested the place in 1810-12, but were compelled to raise the siege. In 1823 the Cortes retired to Cadiz and made a stand against the French army of invasion. In August the French stormed the Troeadero, and the struggle of the Constitution alists was brought to a close.