CAGLIARI, kft-lyiVre (anciently, Lat. Care lis). An archiepiscopal city of Italy, capital of the Province of Cagliari and of the island of Sardinia, at the southern end of which it is situated. It is on the slope of a steep hill 300 feet high which overlooks the Gulf of Ca gliari, and is partially surrounded by exten sive lagoons utilized for the manufacture of salt. The old section of the town, called the Castello, still has its ancient gates, towers, and walls, and contains the principal public buildings and palaces of the nobility. There are thirty eight churches besides the cathedral, which was completed in 1312 by the Pisans, and has been almost entirely modernized. Below the ancient amphitheatre, which faces the sea and most of the seats of which were hewn out of the living rock, are the botanical gardens, which contain remains of P,oman reservoirs and subterranean water courses. The extensive Necropolis has Punic and Roman tombs hewn out of the rock. A number of Roman private houses have also been excavated. The university, founded in 1596 by Philip 111. of Spain, and remodeled in 1764 by Charles Emmanuel of Savoy, has about 250 students, a library of over 70.000 volumes, and excellent
mineralogical, paleontological, and zoological col lections, and in the antiquarian museum there the most complete and interesting collection of Sardinian antiquities. Cagliari has a street railway. omnibuses, and diligences, is the rail way centre of Sardinia. is connected with the mainland by submarine cable and by regular steamboat service to Genoa, and is the resi dence of a United States consular agent. There are three theatres, and of the numerous fes tivals that of Saint Ephisiva (May 1-4), when peasants in picturesque costume conduct the body of the holy man from Cagliari to Nora, is the most famous. The principal manufactures are firearms, powder, cotton goods, hats, and a kind of sweet cake. Ship-building is carried on. The principal exports are grain, flax. wine,cheese, goatskins, and salt; the principal import is her. Population (commune). in 1881, 39,000; in 1901, 54,000. Cagliari was founded by the Phoenicians.