CALIFORNIA, UNIVERSITY or. A leading American university. situated at Berkeley. Cali fornia. The university was established in 186S, tinder the general provision for agricultural col leges made by the Congressional act. of 18112, which united with it the College of California, chartered in 1869. instruction was begun in Oak land in 1809, and the university was transferred to its present location in 1873. The government of the university is vested in the Regents of the 'University of California. a corporation, consist ing of the higher State officers, the presidents of the State Agricultural Society, of the Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco, and of the University of California. all acting as members ex officio, and of sixteen other members appointed by the Governor of the State. The university is in effect a State institution, receiving various State ap propriations for specific purposes, and in addi tion receiving the benefits of a tax of • per cent. on each 8100 of assessed valuation. As a State institution, it is obliged to make reports to the Legislature, and to be under that body's general jurisdiction.
The university comprises the following. depart ments of instruction: In Berkeley, the colleges of Letters, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Com merce. Agriculture, Mechanics, Mining. Civil En gineering, and Chemistry: out Mount Hamilton, in Santa Clara County, the Lick Astronomical Department: in San Francisco, the Mark Hop kins institute of Art, Bastille, college of Law, Medical Department, Post-Graduate .ledical De partment. Dental Department, California Col lege of Pharmacy. Among the colleges at San Francisco, the Institute of Art, founded by Ed ward F. Searles in 1893, is occupied by the San Francisco Art Association, affiliated with the university and maintaining the California School of Design, founded in 187-I. The Medical De partment was organized in 1873 by the ab sorption of the 'Poland Medical College. The Post-Graduate Medical Department (the San Francisco Polyclinic) was affiliated with the university in 1892. The Dental Department was organized in 1SSS. The Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton was founded in 1575 by dames Lick, who devoted $700,000 to the purpose, among other things, of constructing "a telescope superior to and more powerful than any tele scope ever made." The Department of Anthro pology, organized primarily for research. con ducts excavations in Egypt, Peru, and North America, and pursues linguistic and ethnological investigations.
In consideration of its official relation to the State and of the funds .t_tiven to it yearly by the State, the University of California makes no charge to students resident in California for courses in the •olIcTes of Letters, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Commerce, Agriculture, Me chanics. Mining, Civil Engineering, and Chem istry. The instruction in all the colleges is open to properly qualified persons, without distine Don of sex. Students not residents of the State are charged a nominal fee for tuition. Since 188S, when its total student body numbered only 300. the university has grown very rapidly. A
large part of this growth should probably be ast-ribtsl to the establishment and equally rapid growth of Leland Stanford Junior University, by which a friendly rivalry in educational mat ters was instituted. ln 1902 there were 4006 students enrolled in the University of Califor nia, of whom 952 were in the College of Social Sciences, 284 in the College of Leiters, 248 in the College of Mining. 194 in the College of Natural Sciences, 190 in the College of Mechanics. 180 in the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art, 150 in the Medical Department, and 171 in the College of Chemistry, S25 in the summer session, and 37 in the short course in dairying. The undergrad uates numbered 2248, the graduate students 230, omitting summer-session students. At the saute time there were 4:31 professors, instructors, lec turers, and administrative officers, of whom 201 were in the academic department. Nearly ouc h:ill of the university's students are women. A relatively large proportion of the students pur sue the general academic courses, as compared with the technical or professional courses. It is to be noted, furthermore, that a relatively large proportion choose courses which may be termed humanistic; those namely in languages, litera ture. history, and philosophy. Hardly more than 5 per eent. of the student body are non-residents of the State.
In 1896 Mrs. Plurbe A. Hearst, already a large benefactor of the university, offered to bear the expenses of an international architectural com petition for the purpose of securing a general plan for a great campus on the Berkeley site; and Mrs. Hearst also agreed to erect two of the necessary buildings thereon. Preliminary com petitive plans were voted upon by an interna tional jury at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Antwerp in 1S9S. The successful candidates then prepared final plans. and these were voted upon by the same jury in Sari Francisco ill 1899. The final plan adopted was that of M. Emile Wnard, of Paris. The plan provides not only for a campus, but for a complete series of uni versity buildings. The estimated cost of carry ing out the plans in their entirety is from $10. 000,000 to $12,000,000. Mr. John Galen Howard. of New York. has been appointed supervising architect. The first building which he will erect will be the Hearst Memorial Mining Building.
The present value of the buildings and grounds belonging to the University of California is (1901) $4,516,824. Its endowment and special funds aggregate $3,035,027. and its total income derived from all sources is about $550.000. The library contains over SS,000 volumes. but a strong effort is being made to increase this number largely, since the university, separated as it is from the book centres of the East, stands in rela tively greater need of books than would an East ern university.
The presidents of the university have been Henry Durant, Daniel C. Gilman. John LeConte, W. T. Reid, E. S. Holden, Horace Davis, Martin Kellogg, and Benjamin Ide Wheeler. Ph.D.. LL.D., formerly professor of Greek and compara tive philology- in Cornell University, elected in 1899.