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New International Encyclopedia, Volume 4

Parks
Parks. Chicago Has A Splendid System Of Public Parks, Covering Over 2200 Acres, And Cam Meted By Wide, Level Houleverds Which Have Aided Materially In Making The Greater Chicago An Organic Whole. There Are About 40 Parks, Of Which Seven Are Of Considerable Extent. There Are, In Addition, Numerous Attractive ...

Perpetual Calendar
Perpetual Calendar. An Arrangement For Ascertaining The Day Of The Week Ing To Any Desired Date, And For Solving Other Similar Problems. The Following Form Of Per-. Petual Calendar Was Arranged By Capt. J. Schel, And Is Probably The Best Yet Devised. As Bere Given, It Covers The Period From ...

Physical
Physical Fe.tr\ Ra:s. Lu Its Northern Part, Ceylon Is A Level Country, Interspersed Here And There With Low Hill Chains. The Southern Part, On The Contrary, Is Mountainous In Its Character. The Mountain Masses Of The Island Cover An Area Of Over 4000 Square Miles And Run In Various Directions ...

Physiological Chemistry
Chemistry, Physiological. One Of The Biological Sciences, Having For Its Object The Study And Investigation Of The Manifold Chem Ical Processes Taking Place In Living Organisms, Both Animal And Vegetable. Physical, Or Me Chanical. Physiology Deals With Those Functions Of Living Organisms Explainable By Physical Laws And Studied By Physical ...

Plan
Plan The Author Catalogue Is The First And Most Co . Authors Are, Ar Ranged In Strict Alphabetic Order Like A Diction Ary. And Under Each Author Are Further Arranged Alphabetically By Titles All Works By Him Which The Library Possesses. A Separate Title Catalogue Is Rarely Made: Yet Titles ...

Political And Commercial Aspects
Political And Commercial Aspects. The City Has Always Been The Emt•e Of Commercial And Industrial Development, But Its Origin Is To He Found Among Agricultural Peoples, Who Possessed The Fertile Lands And Built Themselves, Walled Towns, Or Took Possession Of Some Naturally Forti Fied Places, Such As The Acropolis Of ...

Population
Population. In 1703 The French Population Amounted To About 65,000, Confined To The Imme Diate Vicinity Of The Lower Saint Lawrence' And Its Tributaries; In 1791 Upper Canada Had 50.000 Inhabitants And Lower Canada 130,000. In 1861 The Total Population, Exclusive Of Indians, Was 3,090.561 ; In 1 S71, 3,6:35.024 ...

Population
Population. Beyond Rough Estimates Made For Purposes Of Taxation And Tributes, No Official Census Of China Has Yet Been Taken, And Anything Like An Official Enumeration Of The Empire Is Un Known. Considerations Of Revenue Make The Counting Rather Of The Nature Of An Assessment, For Young Children And Aged ...

Population_2
Population. The Population Of The Colony. In Cluding That Of Pondoland And The Crown Colony Of Bechuanaland, Was, In 1891, About I,600,000, Or Less Than Six Inhabitants Per Square Mile. The Whites Constitute Less Than 25 Per Cent. Of The Total Population, And The Rest Is Made Up Of Malays, ...

Post Mortem Appearances
Post-mortem Appearances. The Iouvous 111e1o Branem Are Generally Deeper-colored Than Nat Ural. Are Congested, Softened, Marked In Places With The Same Granular Palettes Discoverable During Life Within The Mouth Of The Vagina, And In Bad Eases Exhibit (edema, Hemorrhage, And Sloughing. The First Three Stomachs Sometimes Contain A Good Deal ...

Prevention
Prevention. From What Has Been Stated Re Garding The Nature Of Cattle Plague, It Must Be Evident That Its Prevention Can Be Effected By The Destruction Of The Specific Virus, Or By Re Moving Beyond Its Influence All Animals On Which It Might Fasten. Neither Shoulu Sheep, Fresh Hides, Hay, ...

Pueventive Worn
Pueventive Worn. The Head Of The Family Is Dealt With Whenever Possible. The Children Who Ask For Assistance On Behalf 411 Parents Are Told That The Parents Must Come In Person. The Child )1111...t Not Form The Begging Habit. .111 Workers Will Testify To The Value Of Preventive Efforts On ...

Radian Measvre
Radian Measvre. In Higher Mathematics, Especially In Anal Ytic Trigonometry. Another Unit Of Angular Measure, Called The Radian, Is In General Use. This Is Defined As The Angle Subtend Ed At- The Centre Of A Circle By An Arc Equal In Length To The Radius (fig. 2). The Relation Of ...

Religion
Religion. There Are Five Religions In China That Are Well Established. These Are The Con Fucian, Buddhist. Taoist, Mohammedan, And Christian; Each Of Them A 'book' Religion, And, Excepting Taoism, With An Historical Founder. The Religion Of The Ancient Chinese Consisted Of The Double Worship Of God And Of Ancestors. ...

Rigin And History
)rigin And History. The Fauna Of Eaves Is Evidently Composed Of The Descendants Of Which Have Been Carried By Various Means Into The Subterranean Passages, Have Be Come Adopted To Life In Perpetual Darkness, Be Coming Isolated. And Thns. So Long As They Arc Subjected To Their Peculiar Environment, Breed ...

Rinderiest Cattle Plague
Cattle Plague, Rinderi'est (ger.), Or Steppe Murrain (fr.. Push- Bovine). A Conta Gious Eruptive Fever Or Exanthema Common Among Animals Of The Bovine Species; Sheep, Goats, Deer, And Other Allied Species Occasionally, However, Catch It From Cattle. Pigs. Horses, Carnivore, And Man Are Immune To The Disease. It Occurs Indigenously ...

Robert 1802 71 Chambers
Chambers, Robert ( 1802-71 ) . A Scotch Publisher And Author, Horn At Peebles. Scot Land, July 10, 1802. He Attended The Grammar School, Where He Learned Latin; And At Home Read Through The Fourth Edition Of The Pncyeloprdia Britan»ica. The Family Moved To Edinburgh In 1813, Where, Live Year.: ...

Robert Carr
Carr, Robert. Viscount Rochester. Earl Of Somerset ( ? -1645). The Worthless Favorite Of James I. Of England. Lie \ A Younger Soli Of Sir Thomas Ncr (carr), Of Fernichurst, Scot Lanil. In 1603 He Followed The King To England In The Eatowity Of Page; Hut He Was Presently Dis ...

Rshing And I Rinding
Rshing And I :rinding Yiaciiinery.1 Ex Treme Fineness Of Grinding Is A Prime Essential Of Good Portland Cement. Many Brands Of Which Are Ground So Fine That From 90 To 96 Per Eent. Of The Powder Will Pass Through A Sieve ,,having 111.000 Meshes Per Square Inch. Portland Cement Sets ...

S Division Of Nuclei
Division Of Nuclei, S. It Is Accepted That A Nucleus Never Arises De Novo, But Only By The Division Of A Preexisting Nucleus. The Principal Structures Concerned In Division Are The Chromo Somes, The Linin, The Spindle (achromatic Figure), And The Centrosome. The Last Structure. How Ever, Is Not So ...

Samuel 1675 1729 Clarke
Clarke, Samuel (1675-1729). An Eng Lish Clergyman, Born At Norwich, And Educated At Cam/is College, Cambridge. He Was A Disciple Of Newton, And Attempted To Modify The Theo Ries Of Descartes. In 1698 He Became Chaplain To Bishop Moore, Of Norwich, And Undertook The Study Of Divinity. Publishing, In 1699 ...

Samuel 1741 1m Chase
Chase, Samuel ( 1741-1m ). An American Jurist, One Of The Signers Of The Declaration Of Independence. He Was Born In Somerset Comity, Md., Studied Law In Annapolis, Was Admitted To The Bar In 1761; Soon Attained A Considerable Practice: And Became Prominent In Colonial Pol Ities. Ile Served For ...

Samuel De 11507 1035 Champlain
Champlain, Samuel De 11507-1035). A French Explorer And Colonizer, The Founder Of Quebec, And The Most Prominent Figure In The Early History Of New France. Ile Was Horn At Brnage. In Saintonge. The Son Of A Ship Captain: Received A Careful Training In The Principles Of Navi_fathal And Cartography: Entered ...

Sculptcpe
Sculptcp.e. The Earliest Of The Arts To Fall, At The Decline Of The Roman Empire, Was Sculpture. The Carvings On The Arch Of Constantine, The Column Of Theodosius. And The Imperial Portraits Of The Fourth Century, Show This To Have Been -0„ Even In The Ease Of The Most Pretentious ...

Sklalam Or Ncsklala Clallam
Clal'lam, Sklalam. Or Ncsklala. A Salishan Tribe, Formerly Of Considerable Impor Tance, Occupying The Greater Part Of The Coast Extending West From Puget Sound, In Clailam Comity, Wash. They Still Number About 330, Attached To The Puyallup Agency. Clam (older Form Also Damp, From The Firm Clamp Of The Shell, ...

Societies Of Civil War Veterans
Civil-war Veterans, Societies Of. Associat Ions Of Veterans Of The United States Civil War Or Their Descendants. The Predominant Pur Pose Of These Associations Is Social ; Occasionally. However, Political Aims Have Been Added, As In The Ease Of The Grand Army Of The Republic. Which Has Striven Successfully For ...

Spain
Spain. Toledo, Burgos, Barcelona, Leon, Salamanca, Seville, Tarragona. Tournai, Brussels, Antwerp. It Cannot Be Said That There Was Any Special Style Or Special Form Of Plan Used For Cathedrals As Distinct From Other Churches. The Large Body Of Canons Connected With A Cathedral Made A Large Choir Natural, And So ...

Symptoms
Symptoms. In From Three To Six Days After An Animal Has Been Exposed To The Virus Of Cattle Plague, Or From 30 To 48 Hours After Being Purposely Inoculated, The Temperature Of The Is Raised Several Degrees. A Delicate Thermometer Introduced Into The Vagina Or Rec Tum, Instead Of Marking ...

Teture
Te('ture.) The Prineipal Groups Of Such Monu Ments Are In Normandy And England; In North E•n France; Along The Rhine: In Northern Italy And The Roman Province: And In A Large Part Of The East, In A Series Belonging Both To The Byzantine And :mohammedan Middle Ages. Castles Differ From ...

The Forerunners Of Chemistry
The Forerunners Of Chemistry. In The Seventeenth Century We Find The Englishman Robert Boyle (1627-91) Grasping Truth With An Insight Unprecedented. And In Many Respects Not Yet Surpassed. Boyle Understood That •hem Istry Must Be Treated As An Independent Science •- I.e. Prima Rily Without Reference To Applications Of Any ...

The Summer Assembly
The Summer Assembly. The First Chautau Qua Assembly (known As The 'sunday-school As Sembly') Tray In Session August 4 Is. 1574, As The Rcsult Of A Plan Formed By Lewis Miller. Of Akron, Ohio. And Bev. Dolin 11. Vincent, Of New York. Both 111(11 Were Interested In The 1 Rove ...

The United States
The United States Regular Cavalry Consists Of 15 Regiments Of 3 Squadrons Of 4 Troops; Each Troop (war), 100 Non-commissioned Officers And Privates; Aggregate Strength Of Regiment (peace. Footing), 1090 (all Ranks). Arms: Carbine (krag-jorgensen), Sabre, And Revolver. Saddle (mcclellan) Packed With Blanket, Greatcoat Rolled, Side Lines, Picket-pin, Canteen, Meat-can, ...

Thermociiemical Equations
Thermociiemical Equations. Every Given Quantity Of Matter Carries With It A Certain Quan Tity Of Energy. Heat Being A Form Of Energy, It Is Clear That The Hotter The Body The Greater Its Energy. To Cool It. We Must Abstract Sonic Of Its Heat By Bringing It Into Contact With ...

Thomas 1777 1844 Campbell
Campbell, Thomas ( 1777-1844) . An English Poet, Born In Glasgow July 27. 1777. Ile Was Educated At The University Of Glasgow, Where He Was Distinguished For His Knowledge Of Greek Literature. In 1795 He Went As Tutor To Sunipol On The Island Of Mull. The Scenery Of The Western ...

Thomas 1780 18 17chalmers
Chalmers, Thomas ( 1780-18 17 ) . A Scot Tish Theologian. Ile Was Born In Anstruther, Fifeshire, Easter Day, 1\larelt 17. 1780, Educated At The University Of Saint Andrews, And In His Nineteenth Year Licensed To Preach The Gospel. In 1803 He Was Ordained Minister Of The Parish Of Kilmany. ...

Thomas Cartwright
Cartwright, Thomas (e.1535-1603). A Puritan Leader Of The Time Of Elizabeth. He Was Born In Hertfordshire, And Studied Divin Ity At Cambridge, Being Entered As Sizar At Clare Hall In 1547, And Elected To A Scholar Ship At Saint John's College In 15.50. Here He Soon Became An Active Defender ...

Tier Illinois And
Tier Illinois And Iniiciiican Canal Eonneets Lake Michigan And The Navigable Waters Of The Illinois Elver, And Allows The Passage Of Vessels From The Gulf Of Mexieo To The Gulf Of Saint Lawrence By Using Also The Welland Ca An I, Which Forms A Navigable Channel From Lake Erie To ...

Tiie Battle Op Lane
Tiie Battle Op Lane The Name Given To A Decisive Naval Engagement Of The War Of Is1•. Fought Oil The Town Of Plattsburg. On September 11. 1814, Between A British Fleet Under Captain George Downie And An American Squad Ron Wale R Commodore Thomas Maedonough. In Duly. 1814, A British ...

Tiie Chemical Elements
Tiie Chemical Elements. The Ultimate De Composition Of All Known Forms Of Matter Has Produced Over Seventy Substances Which Could Not Be Further Decomposed, And Which Are There Fore Regarded As Forming The Qualitative Basis Of All Things. None Of The Substances Which We Term Elements Has Been Broken Up ...

Tile Differential And Integral
Tile Differential And Integral Calculus. This Is One Of The Most Useful Branches Of Mathe Matics. While Elementary Algebra And Geometry Deal With Quantities Whose Value Is Fixed. The Cal Culus Investigates Quantities Whose Value Is Con Tinually Changing. Considering That All Nature In All Its Aspects Varies Continually, The ...

Tile Erie Anal
Tile Erie ('anal, Connecting The Hudson River At Albany And Troy With Lake Erie At Buffalo, Is 363 Miles In Length. It Was Begun In Isi7 And Completed In Is25, At A East Of $7,602,000. Its Construction Was Due Chiefly To The Foresight And Energy Of De \\ Itt Clinton. ...

Tile Principles Of Civil
Tile Principles Of Civil Church Law. In The Course Of The Adjudication Of The Many Causes That Have Arisen From Ecclesiastical Mat Ter:, The Civil Courts Have Developed The Follow Ing As The Basic Principles Of American Civil Church Law: (1) Al] Ecclesiastical Relations Are Voluntary, Both In Their Inception ...

Topography
Topography. The Physiography Of Canada Falls Broadly Into Three Great Divisions. Distin Guished By Fundamental Differences In Geological Structure, Surface, And Climate, Namely: 1. The Hilly, Diversified Eastern Half. Ii. The Elevated Interior Plains, Comparatively Level. And Largely Treeless, Sloping Gently Northeast And North. Iii. The Mountain Region. Between The ...

Topography_2
Topography. In Its Physical Aspect Cape Colony Presents A Series Of Elevated Plateaus Bounded By Mountain Ranges Running Parallel To The Southern Coast, And Increasing In Toward The North. The First And Most South( En Mountain Chain Has An Altitude Of :3000 To 51100 Feet And Runs Along The Southern ...

Topography_3
Topography. The Long Coast Rises Nearly Everywhere Steeply From The Sea. The Region Bor Dering It Is Called The Coast Cordillera. This Is Not A Mountain Range, But A Diversified Table Land Rising At Sonic Points To 3:300 Feet. Hut Usually Inuth Lower. It Is Composed Of Granite And Mica-schists, ...

Transportation
Transportation. In Regard To Transporta Tion And Communication Facilities, Chile Stands In The Front Rank Among The South American Countries. The First Railway Line In Chile Was Opened In 18512 — The Short Line Connecting Copiap5, The Capitol Of Atacama, With Calikra, On The Coast. The Construction Of Railway Lines ...

Transportation And Communication
Transportation And Communication. Can Ada Owes Its Eommereial Development In A Great To Its Facilities For Navigation, Partieu Hilly On The Saint Lawrence River And Great Lakes. These Great Natural Waterways Have Been Further Improved By The Government By Means Of A Thorough-going Canal System, So That Vessels Drawinr 11 ...

Transportation And Communication
Transportation And Communication. There Are Many Roads Throughout The Well-settled Parts Of China, Hut They Are In Bad Repair. And Are Al Most In-passable For Wheeled Vehicles. As Has Been Seen Above. The Navigable Rivers Furnish Many Avenues Of Commerce, And These, With The Numerous Canals, Carry A Vast Volume ...

Treatment
Treatment. Cattle Plague Is Proved To Be An Eruptive Fever. When The Specific Virus Has Entered The Body Of A Susceptible Subject, No Medicinal Treatment Has Yet Been Discovered Which Can Destroy It Or Materially Shorten Or Mitigate Its Effects. Until Such An Antidote Is Found, There Can Be No ...

Tue Atomic Theory
Tue _atomic Theory. Once We Have Made Cer Tain That We Will Not, By Insufficient Definition Of Our Concepts, Confound Mixtures Of Substances With Isolated Chemical Compomuls, We Are Ready To Undertake The Investigation Of Compounds, Their Physical And Physiological Properties, Their Composition. And Their Constitution And Reactions —i.e. Their ...

Tue Branches Of Chemistry
Tue Branches' Of Chemistry. The Facts Of Chemistry Have Been Grouped In A Variety Of Ways, Either In The Interests Of Researeh Or Ac Cording To Their Usefulness In Connection With Kindred Sciences Or With The Arts. Hence Such Titles As Animal, Vegetable, Medical, Astronom Ical, Metallurgical Chemistry. Etc.. Which ...

University California
California, University Or. A Leading American University. Situated At Berkeley. Cali Fornia. The University Was Established In 186s, Tinder The General Provision For Agricultural Col Leges Made By The Congressional Act. Of 18112, Which United With It The College Of California, Chartered In 1869. Instruction Was Begun In Oak Land ...

University Of Cambridge
Cambridge, University Of. The Younger Of The Two Ancient Seats Of Learning In England. The Origin Of The University, Like That Of Ox Ford, Is Obscure. The Old Benedictine Estab Lishment In Cambridge Was Swept Away By The Danish Invasions, And The University Cannot Boast The Continuous Existence Beyond The ...

Unsaturated Compounds
Unsaturated Compounds. Thus Far We Have Referred Only To Compounds In Which The Valen Cies Of The Several Atoms Are Completely Satisfied, So That The Molecules Are Incapable Of Taking On Any More Atoms. Thus, In Marsh-gas, Cil. The Four Valencies Of The Carbon Atom Are Evidently Satisfied By Four ...

Verney Lovett 1844 94 Cameron
Cameron, Verney Lovett (1844-94). An English Explorer. He Was Burn At Weymouth, Dorsetshire, Entered The British Navy In 1857, And Saw Service On The East Coast Of Africa. In 1873 Lie Was Sent By The Royal Geographical So Ciety On A Second Expedition To Relieve Living Stone. In August Lieutenant ...

Villiers
Villiers. Fourth Earl Of ( Is00-70). An English Diplomat And Statesman, The Eldest Son Of George Villiers And Grandson Of Thomas Villiers. Who In 1752 Married The Heiress Of The Last Lord Clarendon Of The Ilyde Lontn•ll. And Was Ereated Iiaron Flyde, 1756, And Earl Of Clarendon, 1776. He Was ...

Vincenzo 1775 1s44 Camuccini
Camuccini, Vincenzo (1775-1s44). An Italian Painter, Born In Rome. His First Instruction Was Received From His Brother, But Afterwards He Became A Pupil Of Corgi. Lie Studied The Works Of Raphael And Domeniehino: But It Was The Arrival In Rome Of The French Artist David That Stimulated Him To The ...

Warehouseman
Warehouseman), And Where Goods Are Received By Persons As •hartingers, Or Warehouser., Or Forwarders, And Not As Carriers, Liability Is In Curred By Them Only For Ordinary Negligence. The Responsibility Of The Carrier Terminates In Most Jurisdictions When, After The Arrival Of The Goods At Their Destination, A Reasonable Time ...

White Black 1
White- Black. 1. King's Pawn Two, ' 1. King's Pawn Two. 2. King's Bishop To Quern's •. King's Bishop To Queen's Bishop's 4th. Bishop's 4th. 3. Quren To King's Rook's 3. Kings Knight To King's 5th. Bishop's 3d. 4. Queen Takes King's Bish Op's Pawn, Giving Blnck Check Mate. The ...

William 0551 1623 Camden
Camden, William 0551-1623). An Anti Quarian And Historian, Surnamed 'the British Pausanias.' Ile Was Born In London, Where His Father Was A House-painter, May 2, 1551. His Education Began At Christ's Hospital, Was Com Pleted At Saint Paul's School And At I Txford, Where He Obtained A B.a. Degree In ...

William 1602 44 Chillingworth
Chillingworth, William ( 1602-44 ). An Eminent English Theologian. Lie Was Born In Oxford In 1602. Educated At Trinity College, Oxford, And Elected Fellow- In 1628. The Argu Ments Of A .jesuit Named Fisher Induced Him To Become A Boman Catholic, And In 1630 He With Drew To Douai; But ...

William 1745 81 Campbell
Campbell, William (1745-81). An American Soldier, Prominent As A Militia Officer In The Revolutionary \var. He Was Born In Augusta County, Va.. And Received A Good Edu Cation. In 1767 He Removed To The Holston Val Ley With His Mother And Four Sisters, And In 1773 Became One Of The ...

William Caxton
Caxton, William (c.1422-91). The First English Printer. Ile Was Horn In The \yeah! Of Kent, And The Particulars Of His Life Are Scanty. Ile Was Apprenticed In 1138 To Robert Large, A Wealthy London Mercer. At The Death Of The Latter. In 1411. He Went To Bruges. Where. From 1462 ...

Writing Chinese Language
Chinese Language, Writing, And Literature. The Language Of China Is An Cient And Important Because Of The Vast Number Of Human Beings Speaking It : Lint It Ranks Among The Most Rudimentary Forms Of Speech That Have Maintained A Long Existence Anywhere In The World. It Has Matter-elements And Nothing ...

The Captain
Captain, The. A Play By Fletcher, Assisted By Either Jonson Or Middleton, Or Both, Pub Lished In Folio In 1647. Its Earliest Recorded Pro Duction Is May 20. 1613, When Llemings's Com Pany Appeared In It At Court. It Contains The Dainty Lyric "come Hither, Ye That Love." Capua, It. ...

The Catalan Grandcompany
Catalan Grand Company, The. A Powerful Band Of Mercenaries Noted For The Part It Played In The Wars Of The Byzantine Empire During The First Half Of The Fourteenth Century. It Originally Consisted Of Natives Of Aragon And Catalonia, Partly Christian And Partly Moslem, Who Fought In Sicily During The ...

The Great 1729 96 Catharine
Catharine Ii., The Great 1729-96). Empress Of Russia From 1762 To 1796. She Was Born At Stettin, May 2. 1729. The Daughter Of The Prince Of Anhait-zerbst, And Was Baptized A Lutheran Under The Name Sophia Augusta. She Was Chosen By The Empress Elizabeth (q.v.) Of Russia For The Wife ...

The Seven Churches Of
Churches Of Asia, The Seven. The Elmrches Addressed In The Opening Chapters Of The Book Of Revelation, Under The Following Name.,: Ephesus. Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, And Laodicea, The Order Being Geo!..7raphical, Though It Begins With Ephe Sus As The Church Of The Most Important City. From The Qualities ...