Minor expositions, although of an interna tional character, were held in Constantinople in 1863, in Dublin and in Oporto in 1865, and in Stockholm and Melbourne in 1866.
In 1864 it was decreed by Emperor Napoleon Ill. that an international exposition should be held in Paris in 1867. A commission was ap pointed with Prince Jerome Napoleon as presi dent, under whose direction the preliminary work was begun. The site chosen was the Champs de Mars, the great military parade ground of Paris. which covered an area of 119 acres and to which was added the island of Billancourt, of 52 acres. The principal build ing was rectangular in shape with rounded ends, having a length of 1608 feet and a width of 1247 feet, and in the centre was a pavilion surmounted by a dome and surrounded by a garden, 545 feet long and 184 feet wide, with a gallery built completely around it. In this build ing were seven concentric galleries, the central space in each of which was allotted to the ex hibits of a country. while radial avenues extended from the garden, separating the sections of the several nations from each other. This a•range ment was adopted so as to display similar goods from different nations in such a manner that they could be readily eompared and studied. In addition to the main building, there were nearly a hundred smaller st ruct ures on t he grounds. There were 50,226 exhibitors, of whom 15,055 were from France and her colonies, 6170 from Great Britain and Ireland, and 703 from the United States. The hinds for the construc tion maintenance of the exposition consisted of grants of $1.105.020 from the French Govern ment, a like amount from the city of Paris, $1,553,360 as a guarantee fund, and about $2,000,000 from public subscription, making a total of $5,883,400; while tile receipts were esti mated to have been but 82,822,900, thus leaving a. , which, however, was Offset by the sub scriptions from the Governitient and the city of Paris, so that the final report was made to show a gain. The exhibits were examined by a jury which included some 600 exports, among whom were ninny of the foremost scientific men of the The exposition was formally opened on April 1, and closed on October 1867, and was visited by 9,238,967 persons. This exposi
tion was fhe greatest up to its time of all inter national expositions, both with respect to its extent and to the scope of its plan.
After minor expositions held in Havre in 1868, Amsterdam in 1869, Sydney in 1870. and :Moscow in 1572, the next great international exposition was that held in Vienna in 1873. Preliminary announcements were issued by the Austrian t;ov ernment in 1871, and a commission, of which Arch duke Charles Louis was protector and Baron de Schwartz Senborn chief manager, was charged with its inauguration. Accordingly a site on the Prater was chosen, covering 280 acres, where an Industrial Palace consisting of a central nave 2953 feet long, 8;3 feet 8 inches wide. and 73 feet 10 inches high. of six intersecting transepts each 572 feet 6 inches long, 51 feet 1 inch wide, and 41 feet high, and of a great rotunda, the largest in the world, of 354 feet diameter at the middle of the nave, was built. Other important build ings were a Machinery Hall, an Art Building, and Agricultural Halls, and also a large number of smaller special buildings. There were 55.492 ex. hibitors, whose exhibits were classified into 29 groups, and were duly examined by an inter national jury of awards, who distributed di plomas of honor and medals 'for progress, merit, good taste, fine arts,•and for coiiperators. Them were 643 exhibits shown by the United States, for which 349 awards were mode as well as 26 medals for good taste and cooperation, making a total of 375. The cost of the buildings and run ning expenses was nearly $10.000.000, while the receipts were abort $2,000.000, leaving a deficit of nearly $8,000.000, which was made up by Govern ment appropriation. The total number of vis itors was 7,254,687. At this exposition was in augurated the custom of gathering together men interested in various specialties, whose meetings took the form of congresses. Among these were the International Patent Congress, the Interna tional Congress for National Economy, that for Complex Instruction, Linen Industries, etc. The exposition was opened with appropriate cere monies on May I, and closed on October 31, 1873.