Fire
Fire Nartsuals. Finally, It Is Largely Due To The Agitation Carried On By Insurance Companies That States And Municipalities Have Adopted Vari Ous Measures For The Purpose Of Preventing Loss By Lire. The More Common Forms Of Public Action For This Purpose Are The Maintenance Of Fire Extinguishing Organizations, And ...
Fire Worship
Fire-worship. Devotion Paid To Fire As A Sacred Element, And One Of The Earliest Objects Of Worship Among Mankind. This Widespread Cult, Like Sun-worship, Earth And Water Venera Tion, May Be Recognized In Many Phases From Primitive Ages To The Present Day, From Savagery To Civilization. A Distinction Between The ...
Firefly
Firefly. The Name Of Many Luminous Beetles Of The Families Lampyrithe And Elaterithe, The Former Of Which Is Known As The Fire Fly Or Lightning-hug Family. The Lampyrid:e Are Pentamerous Beetles Of Small Size And Soft Texture, With The Bead Frequently Hidden Under The Prof Horax, But Sometimes Prominent And ...
Fireless Engine
Fireless Engine. A Form Of Steam Or Vapor Engine Which Is Detached From The Heating Apparatus. Dr. Emile Lanni), Of New Orleans, Invented July 19, 1870, An Engine In Which The Motive Power Was Derived From The Vapor Of Am Monia. The Ammonia, As It Escaped From The En Gine, ...
Fireproof Construction
Fireproof Construction. The Sys Tematic Study Of Fireproof Or Fire-resisting Build Ing Construction Is A Development Of Comparatively Recent Years. In 1900 Fireproof Construction Was Confined Practically To Buildings Of Pub Lic Or Semi-public Nature And To Factories, Stores, Warehouses, And Office Buildings. And Only The Larger And More Expensive ...
Fireproofing
Fireproofing. The Coating Or Impregna Tion Of Combustible Materials, Such As Textile Fabrics And Wood, With Chemical Preparations So As To Prevent Their Burning Either Partially Or Entirely. Such Substances For The Most Part Act By Coating The Material With A Crust Of Mineral Matter On The Surface Of The ...
Fireproofing
Fireproofing. Every Building To Be Used As A Hotel, Lodging-house, Sehool, Theatre, Jail. Police Station,hospitabasylum Or Institution For The Care Or Treatment Of Persons, The Height Of Which Ex Ceeds :35 Feet, And Every Other Building The Height Of Which Exceeds 75 Feet, Except As Otherwise Pro Vided, Must Be ...
Firmament
Firmament (la T. Firmament Um , From Firmarr, To Strengthen. From Firui Is, Firm). A Word Used To Denote The Vault Of Heaven. The Term Found Its Way Into English From The Vul Gate. Which Renders The Septuagint Arepiuma, Sterelima, And The Hebrew Reqi'a By The Latin Firmamentum (clem I. ...
First Fruits
First Fruits (translation Of Beb. Reslcith, Or Bikkurini, First, Best). That Portion Of The Fruits Of The Earth, And Other Natural Produce, Which, By The Usage Of The Hebrews And Other Ancient Nations, Was Offered To The Deity, As An Acknowledgment Of His Supreme Dominion, And A Recognition Of His ...
Firstborn
Firstborn Of Het% Bckor, From Baker, To Break Forth). In Biblical Usage, A Term Which Signifies The First Male Offspring, Whether Of Man Or Of Other Animals. The First Born Male Was Devoted From The Time Of Birth To God. In The Case Of Firstborn Male Children, The Law Required ...
Fish Manure
Fish Manure. Dried And Ground Fish Or Fish Guano Is A Valuable Fertilizer Obtained Main Ly Front Two Sources: (1) The Refuse Front Fish Packing And Canning Establishments. And (2) The Pomace From The Extraction Of Oil From Fish— In America, Chiefly The Menhaden. The Product From The Latter Source ...
Fish As Food
Fish As Food. Fish Is Almost Universally Recognized As One Of The Important Food Ma Terials. And Enters Into The Diet Of Very Many If Not Most American Families. From Recent Data Collected By The United States Fish Commission It Appears That The Total Weight Of The Fish Marketed Yearly ...
Fisher
Fisher, :roux ( Y.1-159-1535). .;11) English Churchman. Lle Was Born About 1459 At Beverley, Yorkshire, Was Educated At Michaelhouse, Now Ineorporated With Trinity College, Cambridge, Where He Took His Master's Degree In 1491, And Became Master Of The College In 1497. The Same Year Margaret, Countess Of Richmond. Mother Of ...
Fishing Bounties
Fishing Bounties. It Was The Policy Of The English Government To Encourage The Fish Eries, As Schools For Seamanship, In Order That The Navy Might Be Readily Manned In Times Of Emergency. In The Reign Of Edward Vi. We Find Statutes Compelling People To Keep The Fast Days Of The ...
Fishing Laws
Fishing Laws. Laws Regulating The Kill Ing Or Taking Of Fish. These Are Divisible Into Two Classes: Those Which Are Inn Nieipal In Their Character And Sanction, And Those Which Are In Ternational. Some Of The Rules Of Municipal Law Governing Fishing Rights Are Fully Stated In The Article On ...
Fishing Tackle
Fishing-tackle May Be Defined As Consisting Of Rod, Line. Honk, Reel, Nets, Etc. Rods Are Made Of Elastic Wood. And Sometimes Of Steel. Split Bamboo Is Especially Adapted For Fly-fishing, And Lancewood, Hickory, Or Ash For Any Other Kind. Double-handed Rods For Salmon-fishing Are Sometimes Over 20 Feet In Length, ...
Fisiieries
Fisiieries. The Greater Pars Of The Large An Nual Fish Catch Of The British Isles Is Accredited To The English And Welsh Coasts, And Fish Is The Only Article Of Food That Is Yielded In Ade Quate Supply. The Total Value Of The Product Increased Steadily From I3.683.063 In 1887 ...
Fisizkiller
Fisizkiller. One Of The Great Aquatic Bugs Of The Heteropterous Family Helostombhe, Which Prey Upon Fishes. They Are The Largest Of Existing Hugs, Sonic Reaching A Length Of Four Inches, And Have All Oval Outline, Flat Body, And A Brownish Hue, Easily Hidden. Their Legs Are Flattened Into Powerful Swimming ...
Fitzball
Fitzball', Eowaan (properly Bali.) (1702. 1873 ) . Au English Dramatist. I E Was Born At Bur Well. Cambridgeshire. Was Educated In A Private School At Newmarket, And Became A Printer's Ap A-entice In 1809. In 1819. After Having Unsuccess Fully Edited A Magazine At Norwich, He Changed His Name ...
Fitzgerald
Fitzger'ald, Lord Edward ( 1703-0s). An Irish Politician And Revolutionist. The Fifth Son Of The Seventeen Children Of The First Duke Of Leinster, He Was Born October 15, 1763, At Car Tun Castle, Near Dublin. And Educated In France. Fitzgerald Joined The English Army, And In 1781 Went To The ...
Fiume
Fiume, A Royal Free Town And The Seaport Of Hungary, Forming, Together With Its Adjoining Territory, Since 1870, A Political Divi Sion Of The Kingdom (map: Hungary, D 4). It Is Picturesquely Situated At The Head Of The Bay Of Quarnero, An Inlet Of The Adriatic, And Is About 40 ...
Fixtures
Fixtures (from Fix, Fr. Firer, From Ail. Fixare, To Fasten, Frequentative Of Lat. Figere, To Fasten). In English And American Law, Chattels Which Are So Annexed Or Attached To The Soil As To Become, In Legal Contemplation, A Part Thereof. The Term Land. In Our Legal System, Comprehends Not Only ...
Flacius
Flacius, Flii'shi-us (properly Vlacich), Matthias ( 1520-75) . A German Lutheran Theo Logian And Controversialist. He Was Horn At Albona, Illyria (for Which Reason He Was Often Called Illyricus), Studied At Venice. Basel. Tu Bingen. And Wittenberg, And In 1544 Was Appoint Ed To The Chair Of Hebrew At Wittenberg. ...
Flag Of Truce
Flag Of Truce. A White Flag Exhibited By One Of Two Contending Forces, Indicating A De Sire To Communicate. The Necessity Of Occasion Ally Communicating With The Enemy In Time Of War, And The Fact That This Can Usually Be Best Done By Means Of A Flag Of Truce, Has ...
Flagellants
Flagellants (fr. Flagellant, It. Flagel Lante, From Lat. Flayellare, To Scourge, From Ilagel Bum, Scourge, Diminutive Of Flagrum, Whip). The Name Given To Certain Bodies Of Fanatical Enthu Siasts, Who At Various Intervals From The Thir Teenth To The Sixteenth Century Made Their Ap Pearance In Different Countries Of Europe, ...
Flamboyant
Flamboyant (fr. Flamboyant, Pres. Part. Of Flamber, To Flame, Ofr. Flamber, Flamer, From Lat. Flainm A Re, To Flame, From Fla M A , Flame; Con Nected With Flagrare, To Blaze, Gk. Phle Gein, To Burn, Skt. Bhra J, To Be Bright, As. Bloc, Shining, Pale, Icel. Bleikr, Pale, Eng. ...
Flamens
Fla'mens (of Doubtful Origin; By Sonic Eon Fleeted With Skt, Brahman, Priest. From Barb, To He Great ; By Others Compared With Goth. B/4tan, As. Wotan, To Reverence, Or With Lat. Flagrare, To Blaze. Gk.ox/yeiv,phlegein, To Burn, Skt. Bhraj, To Be Bright; Hardly Related To Lat. Flare, To Blow, 01-1g. ...
Flamingo
Flamingo (port.. Older Form Famengo, Sp. Flamenco, From Port. Flammant, Flambant, Of. Haman, Flambant, Fr. Flamant, Flamingo, Flaming, Prey. Part. Of Port. Flamar, Of. Flamer, To Flame, From Lat. Flamma, Flame; Influenced In Popular Etymology By Port. Flamengo, Sp. Flamenco. Fr. Flamand, Fleming). One Of A Group Of Water Birds ...
Flamininus
Flam'ini'nus. A Cognomen Of An Illus Trious Branch Of The Patrician Quinctia Gens In Ancient Rome, The Most Famous Members Of Which Were: (i) Lucius Quinctius Flaiiininus ( ? B.c. 170). Admiral And General, Brother Of The More Renowned Flamininus Described Below. He Was Curule Fedile In B.c. 200, And ...
Flanders
Flanders (mem. Vlaenticren, Anciently Vineland, Submerged Land). The Old Name Of An Extensive Region Embracing, Besides The Present Belgian Provinces Of East And West Flanders, The Southern Portion Of The Province Of Zealand, In Holland, And The French Department Of Le Nord, And Constituting In The Middles Ages A Powerful ...
Flandrin
Flandrin, Flits'drilse. A Family Of French Painters. Hippolyte (1809-64) Was The Leading Member Of The Family, And One Of The Greatest Religious Decorators Of The Nineteenth Century. He Was The Second Son Of A Miniature Painter, And Was Horn In Lyons. He Was Taught By His Father, And In The ...
Flannel Of
Flannel (of. Flonelle, Of Doubtful Origin, Possibly Connected With Of. 'mine. Pillow-case. Which Seems To Be Derived From The Celtic; Tr. Olann, Wool. Welsh Mobil?, Corn. Glean, Bret. Gloan, Linen, Lat. Lane, Eng. Wool; With Fr. /1 For ('elt. Rl, As In Fr. Arrow, From Ir. /km:). A Woven Fabric ...
Flatworms
Flatworms. Organs That Have An Undoubted Excretory Function Are First Met With In The Flat Worms (platyhelminthesl. They Are Known As The Water-vascular System. This System Consists, In Planaria, Of Two Lateral Coiled Tninks, One On The Right And One On The Left Side Of The Body, From Which Many ...
Flaubert
Flaubert, Mbar', Gustave (1821-80), A French Novelist. Lle United The Minute Realistic Vision Of Balzae With Very Great Rhetorical Skill, And Devoted His Life To The Production Of Five Volumes Of Rare Literary Art. But The Impor Tance Of Madame Bovary (1857), Salammbd (1862, Well Translated By J. W. Matthews, ...
Flavoring Plants
Flavoring Plants (from Flu Ror, Of. Flarcer, Odor, Ml. Flavor, Yellow Gold, Yellowness, (rein Lat. Ilarere, To He Yellow, From Flares, Yel Low). Plants Which Impart Their Characteristic Flavors To Condiments, Culinary Preparations, Bev Erages, Medicines, Etc., With Which They Are Mixed. Rsually The Part Richest In The Flavor Is ...
Flax As
Flax (as. &ex, 01-1g. Flans. Ger. Flachs; Probably Convected With Goal. Flahta, Hair Plait, Ger. Ficchten. To Nvea Ye, Lat. Plicare, To Fold). An Annual Plant Of The Genus Lintim (order Lina Ceas), Of Which There Are More Than One Hundred Known Species, Mostly Annual And Perennial Herbs, Scattered Over ...
Flea As
Flea (as. Flea, Icel. Fib, Ohg. 116h, Ger. Flog; Connected With 0110. Fliohan, Ger. Fliehen, To Flee, As. //eon, Icel. Mu. Goth. Pliuhan). One Of The Small Wingless Insects Now Commonly Re Garded As Constituting A Distinct Order, Siphonap Tera, Containing A Single Family, Pnlicidm. All The Species Are Very ...
Flechier
Flechier, Tia'shylv, Valentin Esprit (1632-1710). A French Ecclesiastic. He Was Born At Perms, Near Avignon, And Educated In The College Of The Congregation Of Christian At Taraseon. In 1659 He Went To Paris And Taught For A Time, But Soon Gave Himself Entirely To Preaching. He Won Great Fame As ...
Fleet Marriages
Fleet Marriages. Irregular And Clan Destine Marriages, Celebrated In The Fleet Prison And Vicinity Toward The End Of The Seventeenth And During The Eighteenth Century. The Fleet Prison Naturally Had Its Chapel Where Regular Marriages Could Be Contracted; And There Is No Reason For Believing That The Earliest Recorded Marriages ...
Fleet Prison
Fleet Prison. A Celebrated London Jail, Which Stood On The East Side Of Farringdon Street, On What Was Formerly Called Fleet Market. The Keeper Of It Was Called The Warden Of The Fleet. It Derived Its Name From The Fleet Rivulet (so Named From Its Rapidity), Which Flowed Into The ...
Flemish Language And Litera
Flemish Language And Litera Ture (flem. Dllt Ell Plaionsch, Orris. Flemschr, Pim-macho• Eon Fleeted With Fi•m. Placnderen, Dutch L'iaamicren, Ger. Pigmies-1i, Flanders). The Low German Language Aml Lit Erature Of Belgium. The Earliest History Of The Flemish Language Is Also The History Of Dutch, The Name Specifically Applied To The ...
Flemish Literature
Flemish Literature. It Is Only With The Flemish Movement. Already Mentioned, That The History Of Flemish Literature, In The Strict Sense Of The Word, Begins. Before The Nineteenth Cen Tury The Literature Of Flanders Was Indistin Guishable Front Dutch. (see The Article Dutch Literature.) The First Real Step Toward A ...
Flesh As
Flesh (as. Ficr.sc, 011ci. Fleisk. Ger. Fleisch, Flesh, Feel. Flesh:, Pork). The Ordinary Term For Animal Tissues, Excluding Bone. After The Re Moval Of The Blood-vessels, Nerves, Cartilage, Vis Cera, Connective (or Cellular) Tissue, And Areolar Tissue, The Resulting Muscle (q.v.) Is Popularly Called Flesh. Numerous Analyses Have Been Made ...
Fleury
Fleury, Amme Iiencule De (1653 1743). A French Cardinal-bishop And Chief Miu• Inter During The Early Part Of The Reign Of Louis Xx'. Ile Was Born June 26, 1653, At Lodt•ve, In Languedoc, And After An Excellent Education At Paris Entered The Church, And Became A Canon At Montpellier. Iii ...
Fleury_2
Fleury, Claune (1640-1723). A French Church Historian, Horn In Paris. He Was Edu Cated By The Jesuits, And At First Practiced Law (1658-67) ; But Preferring An Ecclesiastical Ca Reer, Took Priest's Orders, And Became Tutor To The Young Princes Of Conti (1672), And Later (1680) To The Comte De ...
Flicker
Flicker (onomatopoetic, From The Bird's Note). The Popular Name Of One Of The Common Est And Handsomest Birds In The Eastern United States, The Golden-winged Woodpecker ((iolaptes Auratus). It Is A Little More Than A Fool, In Length, And The Bill, Which Is An Inch And A Half Long, Is ...
Flies
Flies. The Majority Of The Flies (diptera) Re Sort To Flowers For The Little Food They Require In The Imago State. And Here The Mouth-parts Are Very Different In Structure From Those Of Bit Ing Insects, The Long Proboscis Being A Modifica Tion Of A Portion Of The Labium, Representing ...
Flight Of Birds
Flight Of Birds. So Long Ago As 1680 An Italian, Borelli, Propounded A Theory Of Flight Which In Its Essential Feature Holds Good To-day. Noting That All Wings Are Rigid In Front, Flexible Behind, He Considered That As The Wings Were Raised And Lowered They Formed Obliquely Directed Planes Alternately ...
Flinders
Flin'ders, Marrnew ( 1774-1814) . An English Navigator And Hydrographer, Born At Donington, Lincolnshire. He Studied Geometry And Navigation By Himself, And In 1790 Entered The Royal Navy As A Midshipman. After Active Service In.european Waters And In The 'west Indies, He Was Attached In 1795 To The Reliance. With ...
Flint
Flint, Austix (1812-36). An American Physician, Born At Petersham, Mass. Ile Was Educated At Amherst And Harvard, And Grad Uated At The Latter In 1833. After Practicing In Boston And Northampton. He Removed To Buffalo, N. Y., In 1836. He Was Appointed Professor Of The Institutes And Practice Of Medicine ...
Flint Implements
Flint Implements. These Products Of Handiwork Are Interesting To The Archaeologist, The Technician, And The Ethnologist. The Word Flint Must Be Taken To Mean Siliceous Stones That May Be Flaked And Fashioned Into Implements. For The Latter Word Students Have Substituted The Term Artifacts. Not Only Tools And Weapons, But ...
Flodden Field
Flodden Field. A Plain In Northumber Land, England, At The Base Of Flodden. The North Eastern Spur Of The Cheviot Hills. It Is Famous As The Battlefield Where James 1v. Of Scotland Was Defeated By An English Army Under The Earl Of Surrey. September 9, 1513. Henry Viii. Of England ...
Floor As
Floor (as., Led. //fir, (ler. Nor, Ir., Gael. Corn. /or, Welsh //o/cr, Bret. Tear; Ultimately Connected With Opruss. Plonis, Barn-floor, Lill'. Flom's, Flat, Lat. Pianos, Level. Gk. 71-xaz, Plax, Level Surface). The Horizontal Partition Between The Stories Of A Building; The Upper Part Of Which Forms The Floor Of The ...
Florentine School Of Painting
Florentine School Of Painting. The Most Important. Italian School During The Fourteenth And Fifteenth Centuries. It Was Emi Nent In Individuality And Intellectual Qualities, Its Members Often Being Sculptors And Scientists As Well As Painters. Their Works Are Excellent In Line And Composition, And Are Well Modeled, Showing The Influence ...
Floriculture
Floriculture (from Lat. Floss ;lower + Culture, Cultivation, From Colere, To Cultivate). The Cultivation Of Plants For :esthetic Purposes. In Its Widest Sense Floriculture Embraces The Growing Of Plants In Windows, As Well As In Greenhouses And Gardens. And Some Of Its Phases Are Closely Linked On The One Hand ...
Florida Blanca
Florida-blanca, 114-re'lift Jos( Alart.xo, Count Of (1728-1808). A Spanish States Man, Lle Was Born In Was Educated For The Law At. Salamanca, And Became The Principal Proseenting Official To The Cmincil Of Castile. In This Papa•ity He Was The Author Of The Decree For The Expulsion Of The .tesuits, In ...
Flounder
Flounder (ger. •under, From (idan. 'tun Dra, ()swed. /lundra, Flounder). A Name For Any Of The Many Marine Fishes Of The Family Pleuroneetidm (see Flatfish ), Which Includes The Halibut, Dab, Plaice, Fluke, Etc. The Body Is More Or Less Elongate, Always Much Compressed. And With The Dorsal And Anal ...
Flour 1anufacture In The
Flour :\1anufacture In The United States. In Colonial Days Large Quantities Of Wheat Were Raised And Converted Into Flour In America; But With The Hessian Soldiers Of The Revolution Was Imported The Hessian Fly, A Scourge Which Liter Ally Drove The Production Of Wheat Across The Alleghanies. Since That Time ...
Flowers And Insects
Flowers And Insects. The Dependenee Of Insect Life On That Of Plants Is Illustrated By The Fact That In Germany Between 500 And Om Species Of Insects Obtain Their Livelihood By Feeding Upon The Oak, While In The United States Nearly The Same Number Of Species Have Already Been Found ...
Floyd
Floyd, .jolla' Buchanan ( 1807-63). An American Politician And Confederate Leader, Horn At Blacksburg, Va. Lie Graduated At The College Of South Carolina In 1826, Studied Law, And Practiced His Profession At Helena. Ark., From 1836 To 1839, When He Returned To His Native State And Continued His Practice In ...
Floyer
Floy'er, Sir Donx (1649-1731). An Eng Lish Physician And Scholar, Born At Lichfield. Got His Education At Queen's College, Oxford. And Was Knighted About 1686. Ile Invented The Pulse-watch, And His Work On Asthma Was Im Portant, As It Gives The First Description Of ,m Physema Of The Lungs. Ilis ...
Fludd
Fludd, Ltobert ( 1574-1637) . An English Physician And Mystic Philosopher. Ile Was Born At Bearsted, Kent. England, Was Educated At Ox Ford, Where He Took The Master's Degree In 1508. And Spent Six Years In Study And Travel On The Continent. Having Returned To England, He Studied Medicine. Was ...
Fluorescence
Flu'ores'cence (cf. Fr. Finoreseenre, Port. Fluoreseeneia, From Lat. Fluor, Flux, From 'lucre, To Flow). When Ether-waves Are Absorbed By A Body Which They Have Entered, Their Energy, As A Rule, Is Distributed Throughout The Minute Particles Of The Body, And Sonic Heat Elfect Is Pro (li•ed, Generally Rise In Temperature. ...
Fluorine
Fluorine (from Fluor). A Non-metallic Chemical Element, One Of The So-called Halogens. Its Elementary Nature Was First Recognized By Davy, Although It Was As Yet Unknown In The Free State, And Remained Unknown Until 1857, When Moissan Succeeded In Isolating It From Potassium Hydrogen Fluoride, By A Process Of Electrolysis. ...
Flute Of
Flute (of. Fleiite, Flaiitc,lt. //auto, From Of. Hubne•, To Play The Flute, From Lat. Fhdas, Blast, From Pare, To Blow; Connected With 011g. (ler. When, As. Bluwan, Eng. Blow). One Of The Oldest Wind Instruments, Well Knowii To Tin' Ancient Greeks And Ilehrews. It Has A Soft And Pleasant Quality ...
Fluxions
Fluxions. The Name 'method Of Fluxions' Was Given By Sir Isaac Newton To His Calculus, And Was Generally Employed In England And America Until Well Along In The Nineteenth Cen Tury. The Name, The Symbolism. And The Fun Damental Idea Upon Which The Method Rests, Were Then Supplanted By Those ...
Fly Casting
Fly-casting. Of The Three Main Methods Of Angling. Casting The Fly Is The Most Scientific And Universal. Lts Devotees Are Divided Into Two Sehools—the Old-time Or 'wet-fly' Anglers, Who Whip The Stream With A East Of Flies, And Shift From Place To Place; And A New School Of 'dry Fly' ...
Fly Wheel
Fly-wheel. A Heavy Wheel Attached To The Revolving Shaft Of A To Serve As An Accumulator And Equalizer Of Power. Its Action Depends Upon The Inecha»i•al Law That A Body Once Set In Motion Retains :t Certain Amount Of Moving Force Or Momentum Which Tuts To Be Overcome Before Ceases. ...
Flying Fish
Flying Fish. A Name Given To All Those Fishes Which Have The Pectoral His So Very Large That By 111e:111ti 14 Them They Are Sustained In Short Seeming Flights In The Air. These Fishes Be Long To Two Very Different Families I:x.1(41.641.e And ('ephslsce.nthid:-; Hut The Naine Flying Fish Is ...
Flying Frog
Flying Frog. A Small Frog, Whose Long Toes Are Connected By Membranes, And Which Makes Sailing Leaps From Tree To Tree. It Be Longs To The Family (ilanid(e) Of Ordinary Water Frogs, But Is Wholly Arboreal In Habit And Forms The Genus Ithaeophorus, Elmracterized Not Only By The Webbing, But ...
Flying Squirrel
Flying Squirrel, Skw(7errd Or Skwiera A Squirrel Which Has A Fold Of The Skin Of The Flanks (a 'parachute') Extended Between The For And Hind Legs. And Partly Supported By Bony Proc Esses Of The Feet, By Means Of Which It Is Enabled To Take Extraordinary Leaps, Gliding For A ...
Foetus
Foetus (lat., Offspring). The Term Applied To The Unborn Young Of Viviparous Animals, Especially In The More Advanced Stages. In The Human Subject The Tern Fictus Is Applied To The Embryo. Though More Often To The Unborn Child After The End Of The Fourth Month, When Bunion Features Are Distinguishable. ...
Fog Signals
Fog-signals. The Chief Use Of Fog-signals Is To Give Facilities 10 Apprnaehing Vessels When Not In Sight Of One Another, To Enlble Them To Continue Their Respective Courses After Having First Localized The Direction And Distance Of The Neighboring Ship. In Addition, Fog-signals Are Most Useful Indications Of Dangers To ...
Foil
Foil. A General Name For Thin Metal Inter Mediate In Thickness Between /co/ Porto/, Such As Gold. Silver, And Copper 'leaf, And Shi•ct Metal. There Are T Wo Distinct Kinds Of Foil In Common Use: The Very Thin Tinfoil Used In Chemistry. For Electrical Apparatus, And Formerly For Coating The ...
Folk Music
Folk-music. Music Which Is The Outgrowth Of A People's Development, As Opposed To National Music, Which Owes Its Existence To The Character Istic Compositions Of A Few Individuals. National Music, However, May Be, And Generally Is. Based On The Folk-music Of The Country. Folk-tunes Are The Wild Flowers In The ...
Folk Psychology
Folk-psychology. A Branch Of Anthro Pology Devoted To Studying The Psychology Of Races And Peoples. It Must Not Be Confounded With Folk-lore, Which Studies Survivals; But It Is Akin To Ethnology. It Is The Application Of The Processes And Methods Of The Modern Physio Logical Psychologists To Races, Peoples, Social ...
Folkland
Folkland, The Land Of The Folk, Or The People Of England In Anglo-saxon Times; The Public Domain. All Land Private Title To Which Was Not Attested By Charter Was Folkland Or Pub• Lie Land. It Eemprised The Wbolc Area Of England That Had Not Been Assigned To Individuals Or El ...
Folklore
Folklore. The Learning Of The Uncultured; A Branch Of Study That Relates To Traditional Be Liefs, Old-time Customs, Usages, Or Observances Preserved Generally Among The 1'0111111011 And Collects Legends, Myths, Tales, Folk-songs And Superstitions For The Purpose Of Record And Com Parison. Oral Tradition And Unwritten Practice Are Important Elements ...
Fonseca Lima
Fonseca Lima E S•va, Ma:\oki, Da. (1793-1862). A South American Soldier, Born At Rio De Janeiro. Ile Entered The Portuguese Army In Brazil, Joined The Movement For The Independence Of The Country, And Was Com Missioned Lieutenant-eolonel And Appointed Lord Chamberlain To The Emperor Pedro I. In 1828 He Was ...
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau, F5n'thn'1,14'. The Cap Ital Of An Arrondissement In The 1)epartnit•iit Of Seine-et-alarne. France, Beautifully Situated In The Midst Of An Extensive Forest. Near The Left Bank Of The Seine, :35 Miles Southeast Of Paris (slap: France, .1 3). The Forest Of Fontaine Bleau. Covering An Area Of 114 Square ...
Fontane
Fontane, Tit T.onon ( 1819-98 ) . A Noteworthy German Author, Born At Neuruppin (brandenburg). After Study At The Industrial School Of Berlin And Three Years (1840-43) Spent As An Apothecary's Apprentice At Leipzig And Dresden, Lie Turned To The More Congenial Activ Ities Of Journalism And Literature. Ile Was ...
Foreign Companies
Foreign Companies. Foreign Fire-insurance Companies, Chiefly British And German, Write A Considerable Amount Of Business In The United States. Many Of The States Have Laws Requiring A Deposit By Foreign Companies Of Other States Be Fore Licensing Them To Do Business In Their Borders. Several Of The ,foreign Companies Have ...
Fourth Week
Fourth Week. During The Fourth Week Growth Is Relatively More Active Than At Any Other Time. The Embryo About Doubles In Length. During The First Part Of The Week The Embryo Becomes Very Much Flexed, So Much So That The Head And Tail Nearly Touch. The Brain-vesieles Are Better De ...
Frederic William 1831 1903 Farrar
Farrar, Frederic William (1831-1903). A Distinguished English Clergyman, Born At Bom Bay, India. He Studied At The University Of Lon Don And At Trinity College, Cambridge, Was Or Dained Deacon In 1854, And Priest In 1857. For Several Years He Was An Assistant Master At Har Row, And From 1871 ...
Fresh Water Fish
Fresh-water Fish. The Fish Most Common To Amateur Fishermen Are The Various Minnows, In Many Places Spoken Of As Shiners Or Chubs, Of Which The Most Generally Known, The Dace Or Roach, Is Found In New England And The Middle States, And Demauds But An Ordinary Light Rod, With Worm ...
Gails Flaiviinius
Flaiviin'ius, Gail's ( ?-n.c. 217). A Roman General, Renowned In The Gallic And Hannibalic Wars, And As Builder Of The Via Flaminia, And Of The Circus Flaminius At Rome. Descended From High Plebeian Stock, Lie Was The Most Illustrious Member Of His Family. We First Hear Of Him As Tribune ...
Galileo 1847 97 Ferraris
Ferraris, Galileo (1847-97). An Italian Physicist And Electrical Engineer. He Was Born At Livorno, Piedmont, And Was Educated At The University Of Turin And The Royal School Of Engineering In That City, From Which He Gradu Ated As A Civil Engineer In 1869. In 1872 He Received The Degree Of ...
Gastrulation
Gastrulation Itecossmered. Three Principal Types Of Gastrulation Are Recognized Among Ani Mals: (a.) Invagination, Which, As The Typical Process, Has Been Already Referred To. In Partial Cleavage The Yolk-laden Cells Cannot Be Pushed Into The Small Cleavage Cavity, And Under These Circumstances The Ectoderm Grows Over The Entoderm And Gradually ...
General Considerations
General Considerations. The Maintenance Of Artificial Ponds For The Rearing Of Fresh-water Fishes For Food Or Ornamental Purposes Is A Very Ancient Practice, And Is Carried On By Nearly Every Eivilized,nation. In China Fish Culture Has Been Extensively Practiced From Ancient Times. In Europe. And Particularly In Germany And Sweden, ...
Geological Evidence
Geological Evidence. Our Earth Has Had A History. Its Age Is Approximately Estimated To He About 50,000,000 Years. Its History Is Divided By Geologists Into 'ages.' 'periods,' Epochs.' Etc. It Is Roughly Estimated That About 30.000.000 Years Have Elapsed Since The Deposition Of The Lowest Fossiliferous Rocks—those Of Cambrian Age. ...