GLASGOW, gliis'1:6. The industrial metrop olis and the largest city of Scotland; after London, the largest city in the United Kingdom (Map: Scotland. It 3). It is situated on the Clyde, in the lower ward of Lanarkshire, and occupies chiefly the north side of the river, but has large and populous suburbs on the, south side. The river is crossed by several bridges. Two of granite and one of iron are much admired for their light and graceful architecture. Two are suspension bridges, and two are the viaducts of the Union and the Caledonian railways. Be low the bridges, ferry-boats ply at all hours.
Glasgow is built for the most part on level ground, but in the north and northwest districts there are considerable elevations. Owing to the great number of factories and mills of all kinds, the city has a somewhat dingy and smoky as pect; in other respects it has many attractions. The houses facing the river stand well back, leaving spacious thoroughfares on each side which afford full and noble views of the bridges, of several handsome street ranges and public buildings, and of the harbor with its funnels and forests of masts. Most of the leading streets run from east to west, parallel with the river, and almost all the streets, except in the oldest parts of the city, are laid in straight lines. The houses are generally lofty, and built of freestone, the floors of each tenement being usually occupied by separate families, entering by a common stair. In the fashionable quarters elegant residences prevail. The city may be di-' vided into the eastern and western sections, sepa rated by Buchanan Street, the former contain ing all that there is of antiquarian interest, and many of the modern public buildings; the latter, the more modern and fashionable quar ter. The principal business streets are Argyll, running parallel to the river; Buchanan, run ning at right angles; and Sauchiehall, the main thoroughfare to the west end residential sec tion. George Square, the centre of the city, is adorned with a lofty column surmounted By a statue of Sir Walter Scott, equestrian statues of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort, and statues of Sir John Moore, James Watt, Sir Robert Peel, William Pitt, and others. About this square are clustered some of the most notable buildings in the city, such as the munic ipal buildings, Merchants' House, Bank of Scot land, and the General Post Office. Among other public buildings are the Royal Exchange in Queen Street, in the Corinthian style, in front of which stands a colossal equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington; the magnificent new build ings of the university, erected at a cost of over $2,000,000; the corporation galleries, con taining an extensive picture collection; and the Institute of Fine Arts, devoted to periodical ex hibitions of modern works of art. The build
ings of antiquity are situated in the Irongate and High Street. The cathedral, begun in 1238 and completed about the middle of the fifteenth cen tury, was designed in the form of a cross, but the transepts were never completed. It is Early English in style, and is particularly noted for its beautifully proportioned and elaborately deco rated crypt. In the Necropolis above the cathe dral are numerous tasteful monuments, the most conspicuous being the column erected in memory of John Knox. It is the burial-place of the dramatist Sheridan Knowles, Glasgow owes its industrial and commercial importance to its advantageous situation in the midst of a district abounding in coal and iron. Much of its prosperity is due also to its position at the mouth of the Clyde River and the pos session of a splendid harbor. Over $100,000, 000 has been expended in the widening and deepening of the river, which is now navigable by vowels drawing 23 feet of water. The mer chant marine of Glasgow in 1891 eeniprised 1576 vessels, of which 1013 were steamships, with a total capacity of 1,309,816 tons; in 1900 there were 1668 vessels (1172 steamers), witti a tonnage of 1,630,170. More than 11,000 ships, with over 7,000,000 tons of merchandise, entered and cleared during that year. The total value of imports during that year exceeded $70,000,000, the average annual value during five years pre ceding having been $63,000,000; value of exports over $92,000,000, showing an increase from 1896 to 1900 of over $4,600,000. The chief articles of export are woolen, cotton, and linen goods, ma chinery, mill-work and metal manufactures, coal, paper, chemicals, and spirituous liquors. The imports include largely raw products, such as wheat, corn, flour, sugar, wool, metal ores, tim ber, tobacco, and petroleum. Among Glasgow's industries, ship-building is one of the most con spicuous, the city being the chief centre of that industry in the world; the building of all kinds of machinery is next in importance, followed by cotton spinning and weaving, the latter industry employing some 20,000 people. Calico-print ing, dyeing, and beer-brewing should be mentioned, as well as the famous Saint Rollox Chemical Works, one of the largest of its kind in the world, having a chimney-stack 460 feet high, a conspicuous landmark of the city.