SECONDARY AND TECIINICAL EDUCATION. There is no secondaryeducational system in England, al though a number of elementary schools give advanced secondary courses as well, a consid erable number being admirably equipped for this work. There is, however, a large number of sec ondary schools maintained by private enterprise, endowment, subscription, etc. It was the en dowed boys' schools of this class that in earlier years had been especially subject to abuse, but the investigation of the royal commission and the consequent passing of laws and the establish ment of the endowed schools commission in the sixties resulted in revolutionizing the methods of these schools. In 1897 there were 158,000 boys and 133,000 girls attending such voluntary schools, one-fourth of whom were boarders. These schools emphasize distinctions based upon social caste, and some of them are very exclusive. In Wales each county has an educational council, and over all is a central board with powers of inspection and examination of the secondary schools. Through these agencies secondary edu
cation is amply provided for in Wales.
In Scotland, as we have already noted, school boards may establish secondary schools. Second ary and technical as well as elementary work is done at the evening continuation schools. The number of these schools and of their attendance has increased very rapidly, the enrollment in Eng land having risen from 115,582 in 1893 to 358,268 in 1897, the average attendance for the year 1900 being 200,335. The Scotch provision for evening continuation schools is almost identical with that of England. In England and Wales there is no thoroughly defined system of technical in struction, although, through the assistance of special grants, manual training and the indus trial arts and sciences are given considerable at tention, while the municipalities have been active in securing the erection of technical institutions. In Scotland technical schools may be established by the school boards.