SEX AND CONJUGAL CONDITIONS. In Germany, as in most other civilized countries, the number of females exceeds that of males, although more boys are born every year than girls, the fact being explained by the greater mortality and emigration among men. In 1900 there were 27, number has steadily diminished, as is shown by the following figures: 731,067 men and 28,013,947 women, the excess of women being 882,430, or 103.2 women to 100 men; the proportion of births is 106 boys to 100 girls. These proportions have remained about the same for the last few decades.
The marriage rate has remained fairly stationary since the foundation of the Empire, being 8.2 per 1000 inhabitants in 1871, 7.5 in 1881, 8 in 1895, 8.2 in 1896, 8.4 in 1897, 8.4 in 1898, 8.6 in 1899. Unlike France, Germany has an increasing surplus of births over deaths. While the birth-rate remains practically sta tionary, the death-rate is steadily declining, as is shown by the following table: The non-German inhabitants of the Empire ex ceed 4,000,000, including Poles, Czechs, Wends, Lithuanians, French, Danes, Dutch, Frisians, etc. The most numerous are the Poles (about 3,000, 000), who are found exclusively in the east and northeast of Prussia (mainly in Posen and Silesia) ; the Czechs are found in Silesia, about Oppeln and Breslau; the Wends in Silesia, Bran denburg, and Saxony; the Lithuanians in East Prussia ; the French in' Alsace-Lorraine; the Danes in Schleswig. The Poles are prominent as a hos tile element in the Empire. (See GERMAN LAN GUAGE.) Although the Jews (570,000) are scat tered over every part of Germany, they are most numerous in the Prussian territories. There were
less than 500,000 foreigners residing in Germany at the end of the century; nearly half of them were citizens of Austria-Bungary.
EutcanvoN. Germany has always sent out a considerable number of people willing to seek their fortune beyond the seas. During the eigh teenth and the early part of the nineteenth cen tury Russia took great pains to attract German emigrants by granting them various privileges, giving them large tracts of land, and advancing pecuniary aid during the first years of settle ment. In the nineteenth century the United States served as the chief field for the ambitions German who did not find room for advancement at home. During that century it is estimated that over 0,000,000 people emigrated from Germany. The high-water mark in the tide of emigration was reached in 1881, when nearly 221,000 Ger mans left the Fatherland; since that year the The fluctuations observable are the result of increasing or decreasing prosperity at home or abroad. Nearly 90 per cent. of all the emigrants go to the United States, less than 5 per cent. to Brazil, Argentina, and other American countries, and the remainder to Australia, Africa, and Asia. There was a great drop in the emigration to the United States in the years 1893 and 1894 as a result of the commercial depression in the United States in those years.