GOUGE, WILLIAM (1578-1653). A Puritan divine. He was born at Stratford-le-Bow, Mid dlesex, December 25, 1578; was educated at Eton and Cambridge; became preacher at Saint Anne's, Blackfriars, London, in 1608, and continued there till his death, December 12, 1653. He was one of the leading members of the Presbyterian party in England, sat in the Westminster Assembly, and was prolocutor of the first provincial assem bly of London, in 1647. At college the strictness of his life gained him the name of the 'arch Puritan,' and later he was affectionately known as the 'Father of the London Ministers.' As a writer he is best known by his elaborate Com mentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (1655), to which is prefixed a life by Thomas Gouge.
GOUGH, HuaH, Viscount (1779-1869). An eminent British soldier, born at Woodstone, Ireland. He joined the British Army in 1794; served at the Cape of Good Hope in 1795, and in the Peninsular War (1809-13) ; became a major-general in 1830; and in 1837 went to India. He commanded the land forces in the
Opium War of 1840.42, compelling the Chinese to sign the Peace of Nanking. In 1843, as com mander-in-chief of the forces in India, he routed the Mahrattas at Maharajpur, and for his bril liant victories at Mudki, Firozshah, Aliwal, and Sobraon in the first Sikh War (1845-46) was given a peerage. In the Second Sikh War (1848 49) he was again successful, achieving the vic tory of Gujarat, following upon an indecisive battle at Chillianwalla; but the heavy losses of the English brought criticism upon him, and he was superseded by Sir Charles Napier. Gough was created a viscount and was pensioned in 1849, and in 1862 became field-marshal.