AVEYRON, a department in France, part of the ancient province of Guienne, produces 6,000,000 gallons of wine yearly. Between the rivers Lot and Aveyron there is a very rich bed of coal. Besides its valuable coal mines, the department contains mines of copper, lead, zinc, sulphur, antimony, iron, and alum. The lead ores are rich, and contain a consi derable quantity of silver. Marble, rock crystal, kaolin, millstone grit, flint, emery, chalk, marl, plaster of Paris, &c., are found. The abundant water power of the department is applied to good purpose in various factories for the manufacture of paper, iron, cotton, leather, woollen stuffs, &c. The trade of the department is in the mineral and industrial products already named, together with corn, plums, chestnuts, almonds, wax, bacon, cattle, hides, wool, hemp, timber, turnery, oak planks, &c. Cheese also, made of ewe's milk mixed with that of goat's, is manufactured in great quantities in the south of the department, especially in the neighbourhood of Roquefort and forms an important article of export.
These departments of industry are carried on in, numerous of moderate size. In Rodez, serges, coarse woollens, woollen yarn, and leather, are manufactured. At La Gulolle,
a large quantity of good cheese, and some woollen stuffs are made. St. Geniez has several woollen and cotton factories, besides numerous tan-yards, dyeing establishments and naileries, the produce of which, together with timber, wool, and turnery, are the chief articles of trade. At Milian, broad cloths, gloves, and leather of different kinds, are made; there are also some silk-throwing esta blishments. These products, with wool, hides, timber, oak-staves, cheese, wine, and cattle, are the chief articles of trade. The same products are met with at St. Affrique. Near Roquefort there are extensive grottoes, in which about 18,000 cwts. of cheese are annu ally made. In Villefranche, the manufacturing industry is important : there are several large linen factories, copper and iron foundries, tan yards, and paper-mills. At Aubin there are' rich coal mines, which produce 500,000 to 600,000tons per annum ; there are also mines of sulphur, alum, and iron, and several large iron furnaces in the neighbourhood.