BADEN. The grand-duchy of Baden is rich in many kinds of produce. Agriculture is the chief occupation of its inhabitants, and yields a surplus of produce for which Swit zerland and France afford a ready market. Only six acres in a thousand are said to be waste land. On an average it is stated to produce abont 1,358,000 quarters of all de scriptions of grain, and exports between 73,000 and 93,000. It yields also hay and other fodder for horses and cattle in super abundance. The upper and lower districts produce rapeseed, hemp, flax, and opium ; and the lower districts in particular, which include the former Palatinate of the Rhine, where the best husbandry prevails, consider able quantities of tobacco and hops. Potatoes and fruits are largely grown; and cyder, perry, and wine are made in considerable quantities. The timber trees of the grand. duchy consist principally of the fir, pine, oak, beech, birch, alder, aspen, and ash.
Among the mineral productions we may enumerate the garnet, crystal, jasper, chalce dopy, and onyx ; marble, alabaster, gypsum, chalk, porcelain earth, and potter's clay. Silver, copper. and lead are found along the valley of the Kinzig and Minster, and in the neighbourhood of Kork and Pforzheim. Iron ore is obtained from the mines at Stockach, Kandern, the Black Forest, Hauenstein, Inconsiderable quantities of Cobalt, manga nese, zinc, snlphur, coals, alum, vitriol, and bismuth, are likewise raised. Salt is pro
cured in great abundance in the Black Forest.
The manufacturing industry of the grand duchy does not rank high, either for its extent, or for the variety or superiority of its produc tions.. Pforzheim, Carlsruhe, and Mannheim are the chief places. The government pos sesses eight iron-works ; and there are others iu private hands, but the produce is small. Fire-arms, iron wire, copper ware, nails, alum, vitriol, saltpetre, linen, woollen, cotton, silk, clocks, watches, jewellery, wooden ware, paper, tobacco, potash, white lead, smelt, glass, and earthenware, are manufactured in various parts of the duchy—mostly in small quantities.
The position of the country on the Rhine, Main, Neckar, and other streams, and the access which they give it to Switzerland, France, and Germany, have rendered Baden a country of extensive transit, and secured to it outlets for its own productions. The im ports of Baden consist of French and other wines, colonial produce, drugs and dyes, iron, steel, cottons, silks, fine woollens, horses, cattle, &c., and its exports of timber, grain, meal, oil, skins and hides, wine, hemp, linen, tobacco, iron wares, jewellery, fish, &c. .