BERWICK-UPON-TWEED. From the reign of Edward I. to that of Elizabeth, the principal export trade of Berwick was wool, wool fells, hides, and salmon: but the trade of the place has suffered some modification in later times. The principal manufactures are those connected with shipping ; but there are also iron foundries, and steam-engines ; sacking, cotton hosiery, damask, diaper, car pets, hats, and shoes are made. Until within the last thirty-five years, a highly lucrative trade was carried on in the export of pork and eggs to London, the annual value of the eggs shipped being at least 30,000/., and of pork about 10,000/. ; but since the peace this trade has totally ceased, and the metropolis is sup plied from Ireland and the Continent. Ber wick is now a bonding port. The existing trade of the town is principally confined to the exporting of salmon, corn, and coals to Lon don, to various ports in Scotland, and to foreign countries. Of late considerable quan tities of ale and whiskey have been shipped to London. The smacks and small brigs which
formerly carried on the trade of the place have been superseded by large and well fitted schooners, and clipper ships. There are regu lar traders between Berwick, London, Kings ton-upon - Hull, Newcastle - upon - Tync, and Leith. About 70 vessels belong to the port.
The salmon fisheries in the Tweed have for many centuries been very productive. Until about the year 1790 the salmon sent from Berwick were either salted and dried, or boiled and pickled with salt and vinegar, except sal mon-trout, which were occasionally kept alive in wells or tanks in the ship's hold. The ex ports were principally to London, but conside rable quantities of salted salmon were also sent to the Mediterranean. At present the whole are sent fresh to London packed in ice. About 800 of the inhabitants of Berwick are now (1850) employed in the fisheries.