Brick
Brick. The Ancients Used Bricks Both Baked And Simply Dried In The Sun. Those Found In The Ruins Of Babylon [basyr..ox] Are Among The Oldest Specimens Existing. The Egyptians Used Sun-dried Bricks, And The Pro Cess Of Making Them Is Represented In Their Paintings. The Greek Bricks Appear To Have ...
Bridge
Bridge. Most Countries Can Exhibit Specimens Of Bridge-building. The Chinese Lay Claim To High Antiquity In The Construction Of Arched Bridges. One At Fou-tcheou-fou Is 400 Yards Long, About 12 Yards Wide, And Had Formerly Ranges Of Shops Upon It ; And One At The Estuary Of Suen-tcheou-fou Is 2500 ...
Bristol
Bristol. This Famous Old City Has Been An Emporium Of Commerce For A Longer Period Than Almost Any Other Sea-port In The King Dom. It Long Preceded Its Great Rival Liver Pool, Which Has Now So Signally Overtaken It. The Commercial Buildings Of Bristol Are Mostly Connected More Or Less ...
British Museum
British Museum. This Valuable Es Tablishment So Instructively Illustrates Art— Fine Art In Respect To Its Best Specimens, And Industrial Art In Respect To Its Minerals, &c., That We Must Not Pass It Over Without A Few Words Of Notice. The Establishment Of A Na Tional Museum Was Suggested By ...
Bronze
Bronze Is Essentially A Compound Of Cop Per And Tin, Which Metals Appear To Have Been Among The Earliest Known. Copper Is Not Un Frequently Found In Its Metallic State, And Fit For Immediate Use; And Tin, Though Not So Met With, Often Occurs Near The Surface, And Its Ore ...
Bronzing Bronze Powder
Bronzing; Bronze Powder. Muc Ingenuity Is Displayed In Imitating The Color Of Ancient Bronzes—both The Greenish An The Rich Golden Tints. Metals, Wood, An Plaster, Are All Subject To Surface-process( Having This Object In View. Captain Pidding States That The Chine( Exercise The Art Of Bronzing In A Very Superic ...
Brush Making
Brush-making. Brushes And Brooms May Be Classified Into Simple Brushes, Or Such As Consist Of A Single Tuft Of Hairs, Be It Large Or Small; And Compound Brushes, Or Such As Have Many Tufts. The Former May Be Subdivided Into Such As Are Inserted In A Handle, Or In A ...
Buck Wheat
Buck-wheat. The Cultivation Of Bud Wheat Has Never Been Very Extensive In Th Variable Climate Of Britain. It Is Not So We Adapted To Cold Wet Soils As To Warm Sands Nor Is It So Certain A Crop As Oats Or Barley O Lands Which Are Suited To The Growth ...
Bullets
Bullets. The General Modo Of Making Bullets Is Noticed Under Shot-manufacture. We May, However, Here State That A Patent For Making Bullets Was Taken Out In America In 1849, In Which The Bullet Is Formed By Punch Ing. The End Of The Punch Has A Hemispherical Cavity, And A Die ...
Buoys
Buoys Are Vessels Formed Of Wood, Cork, Or Some Other Substance Which Is Specifically Lighter Than Water. They Are Rf Bored So As To Float On The Water At Some Certain Spot, In Order To Point Out The Course Or Channel That A Vessel Should Follow. Buoys Are Also Used ...
Bury
Bury Is One Of The Active Manufacturing Towns Of Lancashire. The Manufacture Of Woollen Cloth Became A Staple Article Of Trade In This Place So Far Back As The Fourteenth Cen Tury, And Flourished To Such An Extent That In The Reign Of Elizabeth One Of Her Aulnagers Was Stationed ...
Butter
Butter Is The Fat Or Oleaginous Parts Of The Milk Of Various Animals, Principally Of The Domestic Cow. The Milk Of The Cow Consists Of Curd, Whey, And Butter, And Is Esteemed Chiefly In Proportion To The Amount Of Butter, Which Differs Much In That Of Different Breeds. For The ...
Button Manufacture
Button Manufacture. Gold, Silver, Brass, Copper, Pewter, Mother-of-pearl, Hard Wood, Bone, Ivory, Horn, Leather, Paper, Glass, Silk, Wool, Cotton, Linen, Thread, Are All Formed Into Buttons, And The Manufacture Is Carried On To A Very Great Extent. Metal Buttons With Shanks Are Stamped Out Of A Plate Of The Mate ...
Calamus
Ca'lamus Is The Genus Of Palms Whose Different Species Constitute The Rattan Canes Of Commerce. The Species Are Principally Found In The Hotter Parts Of The East Indies, Where They Grow -in The Forests, Climbing Over Trees And Bushes To A Greater Extent Than Ahy Other Known Plants. The Stem ...
Calculating Machines
Calculating Machines. Before Computers Had Attained Great Proficiency In Performing Arithmetical Operations By The Pen, Machines By Which The Results Of Such Opera Tions Could Be Obtained By Inspection Were In Almost Constant Use. The Principal Of These Were The Roman Abacus, Which Continued To Be Employed In The South ...
California
California.. There Is, Perhaps, No Parallel In The History Of Nations To The Rapid Growth Of A Community In California. That Which Was Almost A Desert Country Four Or Five Years Ago Is New A Busy Mart Of Commerce And Mining. The Whole Region Pf California Comprises The Wide Stretch ...
Calotype
Calotype. The Patent For Mr. Fox Talbot's Calotype, Obtained In 1841, Contained Specifications Relating To Many Departments Of Photographic Operation ; But The Proper Calotypic Process Is What We Are Here Con Cerned With. The Operation Comprises Three Stages—to Prepare The Paper ; To Produce The Negative Picture ; And ...
Camel
Camel. The Camel Is An Important Ad Junct To Trade And Cconmeree In Tropical Sandy Regions. The Organization Of This Animal Proves Its Adaptation For The Arid Deserts Over Which It Is Destined To Travel. The Pads, Or Sole-cushions Of The Spreading Feet, Divided Into Two Toes Without Being Externally ...
Camera Lucida
Camera Lu'cida And Camera Ob Scu'ra (light And Dark Chambers) Are Names Given To Two Methods, Very Like In Principle,1 Of Throwing Images Of External Objeets Upon A Plane Or Curved Surface, For The Purpose Of Drawing Or Amusement. The Camera Obscura Now In Use Has, Oc Casionally, The Form ...
Camphine Lamps
Camphine Lamps. Camphine Is Very Pure Spirit Of Turpentine, Obtained By The Dis Tillation Of Common Turpentine. Turpentine Is Very Cheap In The United States, And Cam Phine Is There Much Used For Lighting; And When The Duty On Turpentine Was Reduced In England A Few Years Ago, The Use ...
Camphor
Camphor Is The Stearopten (or One Of The Principles Arising From The Separation Of The Volatile Oil) Of Two Trees—the One Ctinna Monium Camphora, A Native Of Japan, China, And Cochin China ; The Other, Dipterocarpus Camphora, A Native Of Borneo And Sumatra. From These It Is Procured By Different ...
Canada
Canada. This Large Country, With Its Magnificent Lakes, Cannot Fail To Rise Steadily In Commercial Importance. The Mineral Re Sources Are Immense, But Till Very Recently They Have Been Almost Whollyneglected. Mar Bles And Serpentine Are Quite Common. Plum Bago, Ores Of Antimony, Lead, Iron, And Copper Are Frequently Met ...
Canal
Canal. Ancient Egypt Was Intersected With Canals, Which Were Used Both For Naviga Tion And Irrigation ; And In China They Have Been In Use From Before The Christian Rem. The First Made In Eprope Appears To Have Been That Cut By Xerxes Across The Low Isth Mus Of Athos. ...
Canal Bridge
Bridge, Canal, Dock, Harbour, &c., These Matters Have Been Briefly Touched Upon. Hydraulic Machinery Has Been Brought To Its Present Efficient State By Many Successive Improvements. It May Be Remarked However That, On Account Of The High Degree Of Perfec Tion Which, Within A Few Years Past, The Steam Engine ...
Candles And Candlesticks
Candles And Candlesticks. Can Dles Are Commonly Made Of Tallow ; But Wax, Spermaceti, Stearine, Palm Oil, And Other Ma Terials Are Also Employed. A Wick, Mostly Formed Of Cotton Fibres, Passes Through The Candle. The Action Of This Wick Is Merely Mechanical, Serving In The First Instance By The ...
Canton
Canton. The Trading And Manufacturing Features Of This City Are Highly Interesting. The Shops Are Commonly Quite Open Towards The Street, That Is, Those Appropriated To Chi Nese Customers ; For The Few Streets Devoted To European Trade Are Rather On A Different Plan, The Shops Being Of A Closer ...
Canvas
Canvas. As Exemplifications Of Hempen Canvas, We Cannot Do Better Than Refer To Those Important Uses Of It Described Under Floor Cloth Manufacture; And Sail-making. Caoutchou C. This Remarkable Sub Stance Is Produced By The Siphonia Elastica, The Ficus Elastica, The Urceola Elastica, And Many Other American And Asiatic Plants. ...
Capillary Attraction
Capillary Attraction And Re Pulsion. If A Tube Of Very Small Diameter Be Plunged Into A Fluid, The Fluid In The Tube Eithet Rises Above Or Sinks Below The Level Of That On The Exterior, And At The Same Time Is Slightly Curved At Its Upper Surface. In Cases Where ...
Capital
Capital Is A Term Used In Commerce To Express The Stock Of The Merchant, Nianufhc Timer, Or Trader, Used In Carrying On His Busi Ness, In The Purchase Or Manufacture Of Com Modities, And In The Payment Of The Wages Of Labour; And Is Understood Not Only Of Money, But ...
Carbon
Carbon, A Non-metallic Elementary Solid Body, Which Is Widely Diffused Throughout Nature. The Purest And At The Same Time The Rarest Form In Which It Occurs Is That Of The Diamond ; The More Common States In Which It Is Met With Are Those Of Anthracite, Graphite, And Coal ; ...
Carbonic Acid
Carbonic Acid. There Are Three Com Pounds Of Carbon And Oxygen, Carbonic Oxide, Carbonic Acid, And Oxalic Acid. Carbonic Acid Is The Most Important Of The Three. It Exists Largely In Nature. It Is In Comparatively Small Quantity In The Gaseous State In The Atmosphere ; It Is In Solution ...
Cardiff
Cardiff Is One Of The Busiest And Most Rapidly Growing Towns In South Wales. The Population Rose From 2,000 To Upwards Of 10,000 Between 1801 And 1841 ; This Increase Has Been Chiefly Owing To The Shipment Of The Coal And Iron From Merthyr Tydfil And Its Neighbourhood. The Glamorganshire ...
Carpentry
Carpentry Is The Art Of Framing Timber Generally, And Especially The Chief Timbers In House-building. The Neater Wood-work Of Doors, Window-frames, The Planking Of Floors, Skirtings, And Stairs, More Properly Belong To Joinery. Carpentry Requires A Knowledge Of The Pro Perties Of Timber, And Of Its Strength When Exposed To ...
Carpet
Carpet. The Following Kinds Of Carpets Are Now Made In Great Britain :—axminster, Venetian, Kidderminster Or Scotch, British Or Damask Venetian, Brussels, And Wilton Or Pile Carpeting. These Names Do Not Always Denote Either The Present Or Original Place Of Manufacture. Brussels Carpets Were Intro Duced Into Kidderminster From Tourney ...
Carriage Spring
Spring, Carriage. Various Methods Are Adopted For Lessening The Concussion Occasioned By The Rolling Of A Wheeled Carriage Over A Rough Road. One Of The Simplest Means Is That Often Adopted In Light Carts, Of Suspending The Seat From The Sides Of The Body By Leather Straps Or Lashings. Next ...
Cart
Cart. The Drag - Cart Without Wheels, Which Is Used In Some Mountainous Districts, Is One Of The Simplest Contrivances For Trans Porting Heavy Weights. It Consists Of Two Strong Poles, Connected By Cross-pieces Fixed At Right Angles To Them, The Ends Resting On The Ground. The Other Ends Of ...
Cartoon
Cartoon, Is A Word Used By Artists To Sig Nify The Full-sized Drawings Or Studies Made In Chalks, Or Body Colour (tempera, As It Is Called In Italy), Preparatory To Executing Any Great Work Either In Oil Colour Or Fresco. Car Toons Are Also Made When The Design Is To ...
Cartridge
Cartridge, Is A Cylindrical Case Contain Ing A Charge Of Gunpowder Or Shot, Or Of Pow Der And Ball, For Fire-arms. Those Used For Loading Muskets, Carbines, And Pistols, Are Formed Of Paper, And Are Styled Ball Or Blank Cartridges According As They Contain Both Pow Der And Ball, Or ...
Carving
Carving Is Usually Understood To Refer Exclusively To Works In Ivory Or Wood, To Dis Tinguish It From Carving In Marble Or Stone, Which Comes Under The Term Sculpture ; Or In Metals, When It Is Called Chasing. The Ancients Used Ivory To A Great Extent In Works Of Art, ...
Cashmere
Cashmere. This Very Interesting Moun Tain Region Of India Has Produce And Manu Factures Of A Peculiar Character. The Lower Classes Live Partly On The Singhara, Or Water Tun, Which, During Eight Or Nine Months In The Year, Is Fished From The Bottom Of The Lake Wulur. Of This Article, ...
Cashmere_2
Cashmere, Is A Peculiar Textile Fabric Formed Of The Fine Downy Wool Found About The Roots Of The Hair Of The Tibet Goat, And So Called From The Original Seat Of The Manufac Ture, In The Valley Of Cashmere. Shawls Of Exceedingly Delicate Quality Are The Principal Articles Manufactured Of ...
Casks Cooperage
Casks ; Cooperage. The Making Of Casks, Barrels, Butts, Hogsheads, Tubs, &c., Is, Up To The Present Time, Almost Wholly A Han Dicraft Employment. The Peculiar Shaping Of The Pieces Of Wood, The Fitting Them Together, And The Mode Of Binding Them With Iron Hoops, —are All Effected Without The ...
Castle
Castle, From The Latin Castelluni, A Dimin Utive Of Cast Rum, An Encampment, Is A Walled Inclosure With A Tower Or Towers, Strongly Con Structed And Intended As A Place Of Safety. Numerous Castles, Many Of Which Are In Ruins, Still Remain In Various Parts Of Great Britain, France, Germany, ...
Castor Oil
Castor-oil Is Procured From The Ricinus Conmumis, Or Castor-oil Plant, Which Was Known From Very Ancient Times Both To The Egyptians And To The Greeks. The Native Country Of The Bicinus Comniunis Is Unknown, Though It Is Conjectured To Bo Originally From Barbary. The Entire Plant Is Possessed Of Ac. ...
Cattle
Cattle. A Few Of The Commercial Features Relating To Cattle Are All That Need Be Touched On In This Work. The British And Irish Breeds Of Cattle Have Been Resolved Into Long-horns, Middle-horns, And Short-horns. The Long-horns Were For-. Manly Coarse And Heavy Beasts ; They Had, However, Good Points ...
Ceylon
Ceylon. This Fine Island Is Particularly Rich In Natural Produce ; And Preparations Are Being Made To Exhibit A Most Extensive Collec Tion Of Such Produce At Hyde Park In The Present Year. Among The Vegetable Produce Are Cotton, Tamarinds, Gamboge, Coin, Cocoa Nuts, Coffee, Rice, Nutmegs, Ginger, Mandioca, Arrow-root, ...
Chain Cables
Chain-cables Are Iron Chains Used In Lieu Of Hemp Cables For Anchoring Vessels. The Liability Of Hemp Cables To Be Destroyed By The Alternate Action Of Air And Water, And Especially By Chafing In Rocky Anchorage Ground, Led M. Bougainville To Suggest The Idea Of Substituting Iron As Early As ...
Charcoal
Charcoal. The Relation Which Char Coal Bears To Carbon Has Been Already Ex Plained. [carbon]. As Now Conducted, Charcoal Is Prepared By Two Different Methods. One Is That Of Piling The Wood In A Heap, Which Is Covered With Turfs And Sand, To Allow Of The Entrance Of Such A ...
Chatham Arsenal
Chatham Arsenal. Chatham Is Worthy Of Our Attention For The Government Works There Established. The Naval And Mili Tary Establishments Consist Of A Dockyard, Nearly A Mile In Length, Which Has Four Wet Docks Capable Of Receiving Vessels Of The Largest Size, And Several Building-slips; Metal Mills : An Extensive ...
Cheese
Cheese. Milk Consists Of Three Distinct Substances, Which Begin To Separate From One Another As Soon As It Is Exposed To The Air. The Oily Part Rises To The Surface By Its Less Specific Gravity, And, When It Is Collected Into A Solid Mass By Agitation, It Forms Intller; The ...
Cheshire
Cheshire. The Most Important Mine Ral Productions Of This County Are Fossil Or Rock-salt, And Coal. The Rock-salt Is Obtained Near The Banks Of The Weaver And Its Tributary Streams. It Was First Discovered Near North Wish, In 1670, In Searching For Coal ; It Has Since Been Found Very ...
Chicory
Chicory Is A Perennial Plant, The Whole Of Which Is Bitter And Aromatic ; The Leaves, As Well As The Root, Have Been Used In Medi Cine, In The Form Of A Decoction, As A Tonic Bitter, And Diuretic. It Is Frequently Used As A Salad, Especially When Blanched. The ...
Chimney
Chimney. In Modern English Houses Chimney-flues Are Often Formed Within The Substance Of The Party-wall,leaving The Width And Projection Of The Jambs Entirely To Rho Taste Of The Architect ; And, Where Two Adjci S Ing Houses Are Built With The Fire-places Back To Back, Two Sets Of Fines Are ...
Chimney Piece
Chimney Piece. As Soon As Some Degree Of Architectural Refinement Began To Be Introduced Into The Habitations Of Noble Men, External Dressings, Constituting A Chim Ney-piece, Were Added To The Fire-place. Some Of These, In Which The Gothic Style Was Employed, Are Marked By A Fitness And Pro Priety Of ...
China
China. Whatever May Be The Actual Antiquity Of The Chinese People, No Doubt Seems Now To Exist Of Their Having Been The Authors Of What Are Justly Considered In Europe As Three Of The Most Important In Inventions Or Discoveries Of Modern Times : The Art Of Block-printing, The Composition ...
Chlorine
Chlorine Is An Elementary Gaseous Body Discovered By Scheele, In 1774. It Has A Very Powerful And Disagreeable Odour, Is Very Suffocating, Even When Considerably Diluted With Air, And Its Taste Is Astringent. Faraday Has Shown That, When This Gas Is Subjected To A Pressure Of About Four Atmospheres, And ...
Chloroform
Chloroform Is A Peculiar Compound Limpid Fluid, Which Is Soluble In Alcohol And Zether, And Dissolves Iodine, Phosphorus, And Sulphur. Although Mankind Had For A Long Time Had Recourse To Various Narcotic Agents For Relieving Pain In Disease, It Was Not Till The Discovery By Drs. Jackson And Norton, In ...
Chronometer
Chronometer. Such Time-keepers As Are Used For Determining The Longitude At Sea, Or For Other Purposes Where Great Accuracy Is Required, Combined With Portability, Are Called By This Name. Some Are Made For The Pocket,. Resemble Ordinary Watches In Appearance, And, Like Them, Are Made To Go Thirty Hours With ...
Church
Church. Theprincipal Type Of A Complete Church, As An Architectural Structure, Is A Cathe Dral. Almost Every Cathedral Is Varied In Plan, Although The Leading Features, The Nave And Choir, Are Found In Almost All. The Plan Usually Consists Of A Galitee, Or Chapel, At The Principal Entrance ; The ...
Cigar
Cigar. The Manufacture Of Cigars Is Exceedingly Simple. A Boy, With A Quantity Of Unstripped Leaves Before Him, Takes Them One By One, Strips Them, And Then Passes Them To The Cigar-maker, Who Is Seated In Front Of A Low Work-bench, Which Has Raised Ledges On Every Side Excepting That ...
Cinchona
Cinchona; Jesuits' Or Peruvian Bark. By Whom The Important Properties Of The Va. Rions Species Of This Genus Was First Made Known To Europeans Is Unrecorded. The Na Tive Peruvians Attached No Febrifugal Import Ance To The Bark. Its Introduction To Europe Took Place Through The Spaniards In The Year ...
Cinnamon
Cinnamon Has Been Known To European Nations From Very High Antiquity. That Which Is Now Chiefly Consumed In England Is The Aromatic Bark Of A Small Tree Found In The Island Of Ceylon. The Time For Stripping Off The Bark Is From May To October. The Bark, After Being Removed ...
Citric Acid
Citric Acid. This Acid Exists In Nume Rous Fruits, Particularly Those Of The Orange Tribe, Such As The Lemon And Lime, Either Alone Or With Malic And Other Acids ; Sugar, Muci Lage, And Extractive Are Also Present. It Is Colourless, Inodorous, And Extremely Sour. When Decomposed, It Yields Pyrocitric ...
Clay
Clay. Any Natural Mixture Of Earths Which Breaks Down Or Disintegrates In Water, And Affords A Plastic Ductile Mixture May Be Called A Clay. Pipe-clay Is Of A Grayish-white Colour, Has An Earthy Fracture, And A Smooth Greasy Feel. Potter's Clay Disintegrates By Ex Posure To The Air ; When ...
Clichee Medallions
Clichee Medallions. Large Medal Lions Are Sometimes Made In France By A Pro Cess Called En Cliche. The Metal Of Which The Medallion Is Formed Is Used While In A Pasty State, Between Solid And Liquid. Such Medallions, Unlike More Elaborately Wrought Coins And Medals, Have A Device On One ...
Clitheroe
Clitheroe, In Lancashire, Was, Anti: Recently, A Place Of Little Trade ; But Extensive Print Works And Cotton Manufactories Have Been Established, Which, Along With The Lime Kilns, Provide Ample Employment For The Increasing Population. The Neighbourhood Abounds With Limestone, For Which There Is A Great Demand, As It Can ...
Clock And Watch Making
Clock And Watch Making. The First Author Who Has Introduced The Term Here. Logiunt As Applicable To A Clock That Struck The Hours Appears To Be Dante, Who Was Born In 1265 And Died In 1321. It Would Appear From This, That Striking Clocks Were Known In Italy As Early ...
Clover
Clover Was Introdimed Into The Agrictil Tun Of Great Britain About The 16th Century, From The Low Countries, Where It Had Been Long Cultivated As Green Food For Cattle In Situations Where Natural Pastures Were Scarce. The Species Of Clover Are Annual, Biennial, Or Perennial Plants. Tile Most Approved Variety ...
Clyde
Clyde. Below Glasgow The Clyde Has Been Made The Scene Of Astonishing Engineer ; Ing Works. About 80 Years Ago, Only Vessels Of 3i Feet Draught Could Come Up To Glasgow Bridge ; In 1775 The Whole River From Glasgow To Dumbarton Was Deepened So As To Receive Vessels Of ...
Co Operative Systems
Co -operative Systems. There Seems To Be A Longing Iu Modern Society For The Dis Covery Of Some New Mode Of Remunerating The Workman For The Skill And Labour Which He Bestows On Manufacturing Operations. Under The Usual Arrangements The Employer Agrees With The Workman For A Certain Money Pay ...
Coaches And Coach Making
Coaches And Coach-making. It Is Stated By Stow, That In '1561, Boonen, A Dutchman, Became The Queen's Coachman, And Was The First That Brought The Use Of Coaches Into England.' A Long Time Elapsed Before This Luxury Was Attained By More Than A Few Very Rich And Distinguished Individuals, And ...
Coals And Coal Mining
Coals And Coal Mining. We Shall Here Treat In Succession Of The Formation Of Coal, The Coal Fields, Coal Mining, And The Coal Trade,—giving A Few Brief Details Under Each Heading. Formation Of Coal.—from The Presence Of Tree-ferns, And Palms, And Other Plants Which Now Grow In Tropical Climates, In ...
Coca
Coca, The Dried Leaf Of Erythroxylom Coca, Is One Of Those Stimulating Narcotics Which Belong To The Same Class With Tobacco And Opium, But Is More Remarkable Than Either Of Them In Its Effects Upon The Human System. The Plant Is Found Wild In Peru, According To Poppig, In The ...
Cochineal
Cochineal Is Extremely Rich In The Finest Red Colouring Matter, And Has Been Long Em Ployed In Scarlet Dyeing, And In The Manufac Ture Of Carmine. It Consists Of A Colouring Matter, A Peculiar Animal Matter, A Fatty Substance, And Several Salts. The Chief Use Of Cochineal Is The Dyeing ...
Cocoa Nut
Cocoa Nut. The Cocoa-nut Tree Is Found All Over The Tropical Parts Of The World, Especially In The Vicinity Of The Sea, Growing Within Reach Of Salt Water, And Establishing Itself Upon Reefs And Sand-banks As Soon As They Emerge From The Ocean. Its Great Im Portance To Man Has ...
Cocoa And Chocolate
Cocoa And Chocolate. Cocoa Is The More Familiar Name Of The Article, The Proper Name Of Which Is Cacao ; Just A Reversal Of The Vowels. It Is The Cotyledon Of The Seeds Of The Cacao Plant, Which Is Extensively Culti Vated In Many Tropical Countries. The Mexi Cans Call ...
Coffee
Coffee. The Coffee-tree Or Coffea Ara Biro Is An Evergreen Shrub, With Oblong Pulpy Berries, Which Are At First Of A Bright Red, But Afterwards Become Purple. It Is Stated By Niebuhr To Have Been Brought From Abyssinia To Yemen By The Arabs, From A Country Similar To Their Own ...
Coffee Apparatus
Coffee Apparatus. Considerable Ingenuity Has Been Displayed In Devising Ap Paratus For Preparing Coffee For The Table. The Ordinary Coffee Pot Is The Plainest And Simplest Of All; There Is No Contrivance For Filtering The Coffee. In Dresden And Other Parts Of G Many, A Thick Piece Of Flannel Or ...