CLITHEROE, in Lancashire, was, anti: recently, a place of little trade ; but extensive print works and cotton manufactories have been established, which, along with the lime kilns, provide ample employment for the increasing population. The neighbourhood abounds with limestone, for which there is a great demand, as it can now be conveyed by water to any part of the kingdom. The chief establishment in the town is the celebrated print-works of Messrs. Thomson at Primrose Lodge, on the south-west margin of the town. A dam has been thrown across the valley of Mearley Brook, to form a reservoir for working the great water-wheel of these works. At the beginning of the present year, 765 males and 121 females were employed at the Primrose works. Attached to the works is a farm of 80 acres, supplied with manure by means of sew age refuse, which would otherwise contami nate the streams. The chief proprietor of these works is one of our most accomplished manufacturers. No calico-printer in this country has done more to study the chemistry of colours, and the application of taste to the production of designs.
There are four cotton factories at Clitheroe, which at the beginning of 1850 employed 556 males and 1,117 females. Nearly one third of the total population of Clitheroe, adults and children, are employed at the five large esta blishments.
The Bolton and Blackburn Railway has re cently (June 1850) been extended to Cli theroe.
CLOA'a/E, were large arched drains or sewers, formed under the streets of some an cient Roman cities. The most remarkable were the cloaca' of Rome, large portions of which still remain, and which were doubtless of high antiquity.
The cloacae of Rome consisted of several branches, which ran in the low parts between the hills ; these branches fell into one very large arched drain, constructed of solid blocks' of stone, called the Cloaca Maxima. A por tion of this cloaca is visible near the arch of Janus. The arched drain of the Cloaca Max ima is fifteen feet wide, and thirty high (these dimensions include the masonry), with three arches in contact one within another : in some parts there are raised paths along the sides of the cloaca ; and in the walls are stone brack ets to support the ends of the waste pipes of the fountain. The only &mem or drains for a city, which can be compared with the clomps of Rome, are the sewers of London.
The maintenance of the Roman cloacae was originally the business of the censors, but afterwards belonged to the tallies. Agrippa, during the fedileship, made numerous large cloacae. The city of Pompeii had cloaca: on a smaller scale.