ENGLISH MANUFACTURES AND TRADE. We retain an entry under this heading, simply to explain how the subjects of English manufactures and trade are treated in the present volume. All the principal sub stances employed in the arts, organic or inor ganic, are briefly described under their proper headings, the commercial name being retained rather than the scientific name. All the prin cipal processes employed in the arts and ma • nufactures are set forth in simple form, with out any attempt at minute or technical de tail. All the important machines are described in a similarly brief and simple way. Nearly all the counties are glanced at, with a view to show what productive and industrial resources they exhibit. All the principal towns are si milarly noticed, in so far as they are connected with manufacturing or shipping operations. A few commercial principles are touched upon which bear closely on manufactures. Lastly,
a few persons are made the subjects bf biogra phical in eases were they were espe cially connected with mechanical or manufac turing celebrity.
In respect to foreign. doinattieS, a smaller degree of the same system is acted upon. An attempt is made to show what are the chief natural proditetS of each country, what are the chief manufactures of the countries and their large towns, and what are the chief imports and 1 exports at their shipping ports. As Stich ele mentS are really the elements of the 'Industry of all Nations,' they form a fitting part of the present work. All merely geographical detail is beyond the scope of this volume.
Besides the minor statistical details scattered through the Work, larger illustrations of coin- 1 mercial and manufacturing statistics Will be met with Under such articles as CUSTOMS