JEGINA, a small island in the Gulf of ./Eg,ina, forming a part of the modern kingdom of Greece. It is famed for the temple of Jupiter Panhellenius, or the Panhellenium, one of the most celebrated among specimens of classical architecture. This temple was of the Greek Doric style. It had a portico of six columns at each end, and ranges of twelve columns along each side. Internally it was divided into what may be termed nave and aisles, by two ranges of columns, the space between which was uncovered. The cell or body of the temple Was a regular parallelogram inclosed by four walls : access was given to the interior by doors in the cross-walls, from inner porticoes formed by the longitudinal extension of the flank walls. The columns of the peristyle on the sides stand nearly as fur from the walls as they do from each other ; and a kind of gallery was forthed on the floor of the peristyle around the body of the tem ple, raised by three deep steps from a nearly level platform called a peribolus, in the midst of which the temple stood. The extreme length of the temple in front, measured on the face of the lowest step of the regular sty lobate, is 49 feet 10.2 inches, and in flank 100 feet 7.7 inches ; and on the floor of the peristyle, that is, at the edge of the upper step on which the columns rest, the corresponding dimensions are, 45 feet 2.2 inches, and 00 feet. Both the tympana were highly enriched with sculptures.
The architecture of the Panhellenium indi cates an earlier date than that of the Athenian temples of the age of Pericles ; but it would hardly lead us so far back as the early part of the sixth century before Christ ; though it is not at all inconsistent with that period. This
beautiful temple is now a complete ruin. All the walls are levelled to the ground, and only some of the colnmns and entablatures remain. Yet it is noble, even in its ruin.
The sculptures which occupied the tympana of the pediments of the Panhelleniurci were discovered in May, 1811, by a party of English and German travellers, among whom were Messrs. J. Foster, of Liverpool, and C. It. Cockerell, of London, who were pursuing their studies as architects. They were found buried ender the ruins of the building and accumulations of rubbish, nearly as they had fallen from their places, especially those of the western front, the whole of which were re covered ; but unfortunately not more than half of those of the eastern front could be de termined. Thorwaldsen was engaged to re pair and restore all the statues which were not so completely broken as to render reparation impossible. Restorations of the two pediments of the Panhellenium, with casts and imitations of the figures on the tympana, have been ad ded to the Athenian and Phigaleian marbles in the British Museum ; they occupy the upper part of the north and south sides of the Phi galeian saloon, adjoining the Elgin saloon.