ARTS, MANUFACTURING. As the fine arts are destined to the production of objects beautiful rather than useful ; so do the manu facturing arts produce results useful rather than beautiful. But in all the better epochs of society, these two divisions have tended coalesce into one : the useful and the beauti ful, the utile et duke, being found reciprocally to lend strength to each other. The union of Science and Arts, too, is becoming more and more apparent. It has been remarked by a writer in the 'Edinburgh Review,' (vol. 78) that ' Art will not sufficiently develope her powers, nor science attain her most command ing position, till the practical knowledge of the one is taken in return for the sound de ductions of the other. Many causes have concurred to place art and science at variance; but these causes have been gradually diminish ing; and in the present advanced state of mechanical and useful arts they have almost wholly disappeared.
The establishment of Art-Manufactures, in which sculptors and painters of eminence are employed to design models and patterns for manufacturers ; the formation of Schools of Design, where drawing and modelling, with an especial relation to manufactures, are taught ; the still more recent establishment of artizan schools, where similar instruction is given under different arrangements—all point to a union between fine art and manufacturing art ; while Mechanics' Institutions, Lyceums, popular Treatises on Science—so far as they have realised the anticipations concerning them—point to a union between Science and Manufactures. Again, such discoveries as those relating to Photography, Electrography, &c., point to a union between science and fine art. Thus do all three—Science, Art, and Industry—stand in intimate relation one to another. [DESIGN, SCHOOLS OF; MANUFAC TURES.]