Machine Machinery
Machine ; Machinery. The Advan Tage Which Any Machine Affords For Overcoming Resistance Consists In The Reaction By Which It Supports A Certain Portion Of The Weight Pro Ducing That Resistance, So That The Motive Power Has Only To Counteract The Remainder. This May Be Immediately Observed In Those Simple ...
Magic Lantern
Magic Lantern. Tho Object Of This Remarkable Optical Instrument Is To Obtain An Enlarged Representation Of Figures On A Screen In A Darkened Room, By Means Of The Pencils Of Light Issuing From A Lamp Or Candle And Passing Through A Convex Lens. The Instrument Consists Of A Lantern Gene ...
Mahogany
Mahogany. 'there Are Many Species Of Trees Belonging To The Genus Swectenia, Which Include Among Them The Mahogany. One Of The Species Yields The African Mahogany, Brought From Sierra Leone ; The Timber Is Bard, But Is Liable To Warp; It Is Employed Where A Hard Cheap Timber Of Large ...
Malt And Malting
Malt And Malting. Malt Is Grain, Usually Barley, Which Has Become Sweet And More Soluble In Water, From The Conversion Of Its Starch Into Sugar By Artificial Germination To A Certain Extent, After Which The Process Is Stopped By The Application Of Heat. The Making Of Malt, Calledmailing, Is Conducted ...
Manchester
Manchester. This Most Important Town, The Centre Of The Largest Cotton-manu Facturing Operations In The World, Is Situated In A District Which Contains Some Excellent Coal Strata, A Circumstance To Which The Place Is In No Small Degree Indebted For Its Prospe Rity. It Has The Credit Of Having Given ...
Mandoline
Mandoline, Is 4 Pinsie41 Instrument Of The Litte Kind, But Smaller, Having Fog Strings, Which Are Tuned In The Same Manner As Those Of The Violin. The Mandoline Is Still Met With Ecrasignally In Italy, But Bas Fslteil Int4 Disnse In Twist Other Parts Of Europe. This Metal Was First ...
Manufacturing Arts
Arts, Manufacturing. As The Fine Arts Are Destined To The Production Of Objects Beautiful Rather Than Useful ; So Do The Manu Facturing Arts Produce Results Useful Rather Than Beautiful. But In All The Better Epochs Of Society, These Two Divisions Have Tended Coalesce Into One : The Useful And ...
Manure
Manure. Every Substance Which Has Been Used To Improve The Natural Soil, Or To Restore To It The Fertility Which Is Diminished By The Crops Annually Carried Away, Has Been Included In The Name Of Manure. There Are Some Substances Which Evidently Belong To Both Classes Of Manure. Of These ...
Map Making
Map-making. The Mechanical Execu Tion Of A Map Is Simply An Example Of Engrav Ing On Steel, Copper, Stone, Wood, Or Zinc ; But There Are A Few Expressions Relating To The Projection Or Planning Of A Map Which It Is Useful To Know. The Methods Adopted In The Construction ...
Maple
)- Maple. The Useful Purposes To Which F The Maple-tree Is Applied Are Noticed Under Acan. A Marble. A Limestone Which Will Admit E Of Being Worked Equally In All Directions, And Y Is Capable Of Taking Ec Good Polish, Deserves 1 The Title Of Marble; When It Is Granular ...
Marbling
Marbling. There Are Many Processes In The Arts By Which An Attempt Is Made To Imitate The Veins And Markings Of Marble. Marble Itself May He Stained Or Dyed Of Any Required Colour. Litmus Or Indigo For Blue; Logwood For Brown ; Alkanet Root For Crimson ; Alkanet And Wax ...
Mark Isambert Brunel
Brunel, Mark Isambert. So Long As Engineering Genius And Mechanical Inven Tion Are Honoured, So Long Will The Name Of Brunel Occnpy A Niche Among The Worthies Of Industry. The Late Sir M. I. Brunel Was Born At Hue Qneville In Normandy, In 1768. He Studied First For The Church, ...
Market Gardens
Market Gardens. The Market Gar , Dens Near London, Which Chiefly Supply Covent Garden Market, Have A Soil Which Is A Moist Alluvial Loom Deposited From Repented Overflowings Of The Thames, Which Are Now Prevented By Banks Or Dykes. The Gardener's Year Properly Begins In Autumn, When The Land Is ...
Marne
Marne. There Are Two French Depart Ments Thus Named, Which Present A Fair Amount Of Productive And Commercial Indus Try. In Marne The Vine For The Production Of The Famous Champagne Wines Is The Chief Ob Ject Of The Landholder's Care All Through The Department, More Especially In The Arondisse ...
Marocco
Marocco. In This Large Country Of Northern Africa Are Cultivated Wheat, Barley, Rice, Indian Corn, And Holcus Sorghum, Or Dhurra. Other Objects Of Cultivation Are Cot Ton, Tobacco, Sesamum, Hemp, Saffron, Henna, And Different Kinds Of Peas And Beans. The Plantations Of Date Trees, Olive Trees, And Al Mond Trees ...
Marseille
Marseille. This Influential French City Is The Chief Port Of The Mediterranean ; And The Steam-packet Station For Italy, The Peninsula, And The East. It Is Likewise One Of The Stations For The Anglo-indian Overland Mail; Although In This Respect Trieste May Pos Sibly Interfere With It At Some Future ...
Matches Congreves Luciters
Matches; Congreves ; Lucite Rs. The Manufacture Of These Humble And Mar Vellously Cheap Articles Marks A Curious Stage In The Progress Of Civilization, Where Luxuries Become Conveniencies, And Then Become Necessaries. The Friction Of Two Pieces Of Dry Wood We Now Regard As A Barbarous Mode Of Procuring Light ...
Materials
Materials, Stiie3tg-til Of. The , Strength Of Any Material Object, As A Rod, Bar, I Beam, Chain, Of 'rope, Is That Power By Which The Substance Resists An 'effort To Destroy The Cohesion Of Its Parts, If It Red Or Bar Be Sus Pended Vertically, And It •eight Fixed To ...
Mauritius
Mauritius. This British Colony, For Merly Called The Isle Of France, Was Once Covered With Woods, And Even Now A Conside Rable Part Of The Native Forest Is Allowed To Remain For Ornament Round The Plantations. Many Tropical And A Few European Plants Are Cultivated. The Culture' F The Sugar-cane ...
Mayo
Mayo. The Geological Stitictiire Of Mayb In Ils General Features, That Df Gala Aj, Exhibiting An Arrangement Of Primitiy And Secondary; Rocks Skirting A Linieitone Biishi. As Usual, The Cultivated District Arid The Field Of Limestone Are Coextensive. Indi Cations Of Coal Are Said To Have Been Observed In Slieve ...
Meath
Meath: This *nutty Hat Very Few Mountain Wastes, And The Proportion Of The Bog, Is Small. The Land Is Flat Rich Pasture Land. The Soil Is For The Most Part A Loarn Of The Richest Character, And In Many Places Of Such Depth That The Turtling Up Of A Fresh ...
Mechanical Powers
Mechanical Powers. This Name Is Given To Certain Simple Machines Or Engines, Either Of Which Is Occasionally Used By Itself In Moving Bodies Or Raising Weights, Or Any Of Which Are Combined Together In The Formation Of The Complex Constructions Which Are Em Ployed In Manufactures And The Arts. The ...
Mechanism For The Blind
Blind, Mechanism For The. There Are Many Ingenious Mechanical Contri Vances For Assisting In The Instruction Of The Blind. In The Infancy Of The Art Of Teaching The Blind, Raised Music Was Invented, In Order That They Might Be Enabled To Acquire Their Lessons Independent Of A Master. In 1827 ...
Meerschaum Pipes
Meerschaum Pipes. Whether Smo King Be A Good Or An Evil Practice, It Leads At The Present Day To A Wide System Of Commer Cial Enterprise. The Meerschaum Pipe Is One Among Many Manufactures Connected With It. Meerschaum Means In German Sea Foam; And Oho Equivalent French Name Of Hcume ...
Menai Bridges
Menai Bridges. The Menai Strait Is The Locality Of Two Of The Finest Engineering Works Of Our Country; Viz., The Suspension Bridge Of Telford, And The Tubular Bridge Of Stephenson. This Narrow Channel, About 17 Miles In Length, Which Separates The Island Of Anglesey From The Mainland Of Wales, Intervenes ...
Mesta
Mesta. The Mesta Is Avery Peculiar Kind Of Right Of Pasturage In Spain. Spain Has Vast Tracts Of Unclaimed Pasture-land On Which The Wealthy Owners Of Flocks Claim Prescriptive Right To Pasture Their Sheep At The Proper Seasons. The Number Of Migratory Sheep At The Be Ginning Of The Present ...
Metals Metallurgy
Metals ; Metallurgy. The Metals Form A Numerous And Highly Important Class Of Simple Or Elementary Bodies. They Amount In Number To Upwards Of Forty. They Are; Given Alphabetically, As Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Bismuth, Cadmium, Calcium, Cerium, Chromium, Cobalt, Columbium, Copper, Gulcinium, Gold, Iridium, Iron, Latanium, Lead, Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, ...
Metronome
Metronome. This Ingenious Instru Ment Was Introduced About The Year 1814, By John Maelzel (civil Engineer And Mechanician To The Emperor Of Austria), For The Purpose Of Determining The Movement, I.e. The Quick Ness Or Slowness, Of Musical Compositions. Of Maelzel's Metronome There Are Two Kinds. The One Is A ...
Mexico
Mexico. Humboldt Asserts That Within The;e States Almost All The Vegetable Produc Tions May Be Grown Which Are Found Between The Equator And The Polar Circle. Any Enu Meration Of Them Here Would Therefore Be Unnecessary. The Agriculture Of The Table Lands Does Not Supply Any Article For Expor Tation. ...
Mezzotinto
Mezzotinto Is A Peculiar Mode Of En Graving Designs Of Any Description Upon Plates Of Copper Or Steel. In This Style Of Engraving, Essentially Differs From Every Other, The Surface Of The Plate Is First Indented Or Hacked All Over By The Action Of An Instrument Some Thing Like A ...
Michel Angel 0 Buonarroti
Angel 0 Buonarroti, Michel. This Great Painter, Sculptor, And Architect, Was Born In 1.474, Died 1563. It Is Not Within The Objects Of This Work To Enter Into Minute Details Of His Life, Or Any Critical Account Of His Works. We Confine Our Notice To The Men Tion Of The ...
Micromer
Micromer. These Ingenious Contri Vances For Measuring Small Spaces Or Angles With Great Accuracy Or Convenience, Present Many Varieties. Wire Micrometer.—this Frequently Consists Of Two Fine Wires Or Spider's Threads, Of Which One Is Fixed And The Other Moveable, In The Eye-tube Of A Telescope At The Place Where The ...
Microscope
Microscope. As The Micrometer Enables The Man Of Science To Measure Very Small Spaces, So Does The Microscope Afford The Means For Seeing Smaller Objects Than Would Other Wise Be Visible. The Scientific Principles Of The Microscope Are Beyond The Present Work; It Is Only As A Work Of Construction ...
Mills Mill Work
Mills ; Mill Work. The Name Of Mill Is Employed Rather Indefinitely In Machinery, A Cotton Factory Is Called A Mill ; A Windmill Is A Mill; A Coffee-grinder Is A Mill ; And Many Agricultural Implements Are Called Mills. Without Extending The Application Too Widely, We Will Notice A ...
Millstones
Millstones. The Millstones Employed In Grinding Corn Require To Be Made Of A Peculiar Kind Of Stone. The Greater Proportion Of Our Millstones Are Procured From A Par-1 Ticular Spot In Western Germany. At About Ten Miles From Coblenz Is A Small Town Called Kndernach, The Chief Trade Of Which ...
Mining
Mining. The Use Of The Metals, And Con Sequently Some Process For The Extraction And Separation Of Them, May Be Traced To The Most Remote Antiquity. In Respect To Our Own Country, Mines Were Worked In Britain By The Romans ; But During The Saxon Period They Were Much Neglected; ...
Modelling
Modelling. Modelling In Clay Requires The Aid Of A Few Tools ; But No Tool Is More Useful Than The Finger ; Indeed Tools Have Been Invented As Mere Aids To The Fingers, And Are Designed Only To Do What They Cannot Perform. Wire Tools Are The Most Useful, Being ...
Money
Money. At A Time When Industry Has Caused The Assembling In London Of Visitors From So Many Countries, It Would Not Be An Inconsistent Feature In This Work To Present A Table Of The Values Of Some Of The Best Kno*n European Coins. Jelly's Cambist Is Our Authority. Bajocchio ; ...
Mortar
Mortar. Common Mortar Is The Sub Stance Placed Between The Stones Or Bricks Of A Building To Cement Them Together. Mortar Is Essentially Composed Of Slacked Lime And Siliceous Sand. The Hardness Which Mortar Acquires Is Owing To The Gradual Conversion Of The Lime Into Carbonate Of Lime, Which Takes ...
Mosaic
Mosaic. This Very Elegant Production Is A Species Of Inlaid Or Tessellated Work, Made With Minute Pieces Of Coloured Substances, Generally Either Marble Or Other Coloured Stones, Or Else Glass More Or Less Opaque, And Of Every Variety Of Hue Which The Subject May Require. The Former Mode Was That ...
Moselle
Moselle. This Is An Interesting Depart Ment Of France, In Respect To Produce And Commercial Industry. The Valleys And Hill Sides Are Covered In General With A Rich Soil, And Are Carefully Cultivated So As To Yield Great Quantities Of Wheat, Rye, And Oats, Of Which A Considerable Surplus Over ...
Moving Powers
Moving Powers. The Means Employed To Give Motion To Machinery, (independently Of The Cases In Which The Force Of Gravity Is Applied Directly, As In Turning The Cylinder Of A Clock,) Are Chiefly The Following :—the Strength Of Men And Animals, Tho Pressure Of The Atmo Sphere, The Expansive Force ...
Mulberry
Mulberry. The Black Or Common Mulberry Is The Fruit Of Uterus Nigra. It Is A Native Of Persia, And Its Indigenous Range Ap Pears To Be Extensive. Its Introduction To This Country Dates About The Middle Of The Loth Century. Under Great Vicissitudes It Proves Very Tenacious Of Life; And ...
Munich
Munich, The Capital Of The Icingdettl Of Tavola, Owes Its Present Beauty And Celebrity As A Seat Of The Fine Arts, Chiefly To The Late Ludwig T Arehitecttite, Sculpture, And Paint Ing Have Been Most Munifieently Patronized; And The Art Of Paintiflg In Fresco, In And On Glass, Have Been ...
Muriatic Acid
Muriatic Acid. Under Crukante The Chemical Nature Of This Valuable Acid Has Been Described; But It Will Be Instructive To Trace The Mode Of Manufacturing The Acid, As Con Ducted At The Great Chemical Works Of St. Rollox, Near Glasgow. The Same Chemical Operation Which Pro Duces Soda Will Also ...
Nail Manufacture
Nail Manufacture, Until A Both Paratirely Recent Period Alrest Etery Kind Of Nail As Produced By Hand-lain:41r' Eaoh Nail, However Minute, Wail Separately Forged Ftotu Thin Rod Of Iten, A Prdeett Which It Mill Followed In Theprodnethirl Of What Are Tethni• Daily Known Es 'wrought Nails. As Nails So Formed ...
Napiitra
Napiitra. This Remarkable Substanee Is Yeb4ile Pil, Which Issues From The Fypurla Iii Various Parts Of The And Is On That Account Palled Or Colotuie#e Naphtha Iselles At Ila101 Near The Ceseian Where The Vapours Which Arise Frsre It Arc Kindled, And The Flame Appliecl T.9 Domestic And Manufacturing Purposes. ...
Navigation Laws
Navigation Laws. The Recent Change In The Navigation Laws Is Already Producing Such Important Results In The Commerce Of England With Foreign Nations (and Conse Quently In The Industry Of All Nations) That It Will Be Desirable Briefly To Notice The Subject Here. The System Of The Navigation Act, As ...
Needle Manufacture
Needle Manufacture. This Is One Of The Most Remarkable Industrial Pursuits Of Our Country, Both Technically And Locally. In A Technical Point Of View It Is Striking For Tho Number Of Processes Which Every Individual Needle Passes Through ; While It Is Not Less Noteworthy On Account Of The Grouping ...
Neteiertaiw
Neteiertaiw$, In England The Nether Lands And Holland Imply Pretty Nearly The Same Thing, Viz. The Territory Which, After The Separation Of Belgium, In 1830, Remained To The Icing Of Holland. In This Remarkably Flat Country, Sufficient Corn For Home Consumption Is Not Raised; Laenip And Flax Are Grown In ...
New York
New York. This Most Famous Portior Of The United States Is The Name Both Of State And Of A City. In The State Of New York Maize, Wheat, Rye, Barley, Oats, Buckwheat, Po Tatoes, Turnips, Peas, Beans, And Numerou; Fruits, Are Generally Cultivated. In Some Part; Flax And Hemp Are ...
Newcastle Upon Tyne
Newcastle Upon Tyne. This Busy And Important Town Is Very Well Provided With Railway Accommodation. The Newcastle And Carlisle Railway Extends Across The Island Nearly From One Sea To The Other ; The North Shields Line Passes Through North Shields To Tynemouth ; The Newcastle And Berwick Rail Way Establishes ...
Newspapers
Newspapers. Considered In Its Rela Tion To Produce, Industry, And Commerce, It Is Scarcely Possible To Place A Limit To The Im Portance Of A Newspaper. It Meets Us At Every Turn, As An Example Either Of The Aid Which Newspapers Render To Commerce, Or Of That Which Commerce Renders ...
Niello
Niello Panlo Is Given By The Italians To A Peculiar Kind Of Ornamental Metal-work. Niello Is Collapsed Of An Alloy Of Silver And Lead, Pr Silver And Copper, Blackened By The Action Of Sulphur. It Was First Called Hut Afterwards Rifelia. The Use Alit Is Occasionally Mentioned In Documents From ...
Nisciinei Novgorod
Nisciinei-novgorod Faill, This Famous Fair Has Already Been Adverted To [elias] ; But It May Be Well To Notice It A Little More In Detail,' As A Means Of Chewing Its Important Influence On Trade And Mere°. Is A Town In The Heart Of The Russian Empire. The Inhabit,. Ants ...
Nord
Nord, The Most Northern Department Of France, Raised The Following Quantities Of Agri• Cultural Produce In 1848: 2,124,549 Quarters Of Corn ; 2,960,264 Bushels Of Potatoes ; 13,330 Hogsheads Of Flax Seed; 352,429 Cwt. Of Flax Fibre; 142,398 Tons Of Hay; 612,401 Tons Of Straw; Besides A Fair Average Of ...
Norfolk
Norfolk. This Agricultural County Con . Tains Little Of What May Be Designated Mineral Wealth. Chalk Is Dug For Lime In Many Places ; Excellent Sand For Glass-making Is Procured ' Between Snettisham And Castle Rising ; Some Potter's Earth Is Found And Excellent Brick Earth ; Marl Is Dug ...
Northamptonshire
Northamptonshire. Although This County Presents Some Remarkable Features In Respect To The Boot And Shoe Manufacture, It Must Be Regarded As An Agricultural County. The Soil Is Generally Adapted To Produce Both Corn And Pasture Of A Superior Quality. The Pastures Are Both Rich And Sound, And The Cattle Grazed ...
Northumberland
Northumberland. The South-eastern Part Of This County, Bounded By A Line Drawn From Warkworth, At The Mouth Of The Coquet, By The Head Of The River Blyth, To The Tyne, And Thence Southward To The Bank Of The Der Went, Is Included In The Great Coal-field Of Thecounties Of Northumberland ...
Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire. This County, As Noticed In A Former Article [coss] Contains A Portion Of One Of The Midland Coal-fields. It Contains Also A Small Supply Of Gypsum,build Ing Stone, And Paving Stone ; But The County Can Hardly Be Deemed Rich In Minerals. There Are Many Hop Plantations In The ...
Nutmegs
Nutmegs. The Two Favourite Apices Of Nutmeg And Mace Are Derived From The Same Plant. This Plant Is The Lifyristfca Moachatn, A Tree Native Of The Molucoa Islands, Especially Of Banda, But Cultivated In Java, Sumatra, And Elsewhere In The East, And Of Late Years In Guiana And Several Of ...
Oats
Oats. The Great Use Of Oats, And The Ease With Which They Are Raised On Almost Every Kind Of Soil, From The Heaviest Loam To The Lightest Sand, Have Made Them Occupy A Place In Almost Every Rotation Of Crops. The Best Oats Are Raised In Scotland And In Friesland, ...
Obelisk
Obelisk. An Obelisk Is A Lofty Monu Mental Four-sided Shaft Diminishing Upwards With The Sides Gently Inclined, But Not So As To Terminate In An Apex At The Top. Small Obelisks Were Sometimes Of Sandstone Or Gra Nite, But The Larger Egyptian Obelisks Are All Of The Red Granite Of ...
Odessa
Odessa, Is One Of The Most Famous Com Mercial Cities Of The Russian Empire. It Is On The Borders Of The Black Sea; And In The Year 1817 It Was Declared A Free Port For Third Years. Though Not Situated At The Mouth Of Any Great River, Odessa, In Consequence ...
Oil Mill
Oil Mill. The Extractibh Of Oil From Seeds--such As Bussed, Hempseed, Rapeseed, &c.—requires Considerable Pressure. The Mode Of Obtaining Linseed Bit From Lin Or Flat Seed Includes Many Singular Processes. When The Flat Plants Have Grown To That Stage Which Imparts To The Seed The Greatest Amount Of Oleaginous Quality, ...
Oils
Oils. These Useful Substances Are Ob Tained From Very Different Sources And Under Orions Circtinittances, Kirst, Animal Fats Are To Be Regarded As Varieties Of Oil. There Are Alsd Knifed Oils More Properly So Called, As Whale And Spermaceti Oil. Secondly, There Are The Oils Of Vegetable Origin, As Those ...
Omnibus And Cab
Omnibus And Cab. The Street Tra Velling Of London Is One Of The Most Remark Able Commercial Features Of Our Age. It Would Be Impossible To Estimate The Value Of The Time Saved (and Consequently Money Saved), By The Use Of These Vehicles; But There Can Be No Question That ...
Opium
Opium. This Remarkable Substance, Which Has Had So Much Influence Both On The Commerce And The Wars Between England And China, Is Yielded By One Species Of Plants Of The Genus Popover. Of The 25 Species Of This Genus, The Popover Somniferum, Or White Poppy, Which Produces Opium, Is The ...
Ordnance
Ordnance. All 'great Un9 Used In War, Such As Cannons, Howitzer; And Inortars, Are Called By The General Name Bf Ordnance. T,he Materials Of Which Ordnance It Formed Are Iron And Brash, Properly Bionic, The Latter Metal Being Composed Of And Tin, Iii The Prepetti'cin Of Front S To 12 ...
Organ
Organ. This Is Incontestibly The Noblest Of Musical Instruments, Whether Considered In Regard To The Grandeur And Beauty Of Its Sounds, The Variety Of Its Powers, Or The Sacred Purposes To Which It Is Usually Dedicated. It Consists Of A Vast Number Of Metallic And Wooden Pipes, Divided Into Different ...
Orrery
Orrery. This Name Has Been Applied To Four Different Kinds Of Machines For Repre Senting The Phenomena Of The Solar System. A Planetarium Exhibits The Orbital Motion Of The Planets About The Sun ; A Tellurian And Lunarian, When Combined, Exhibit, Respectively, The Motion Of The Earth About The Sun, ...
Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire. This County May Be Reckoned Amongst The Most Productive Agri Cultural Counties Of England; And Some Of The ]and Is Of A Quality Which Can Scarcely He Surpassed Anywhere. The Red Land Is Partly In Old Grass, In Which State It Is Very Valuable, And Partly Cultivated As Arable ...
Or Abury Avebury
Avebury, Or Abury, In Wiltshire, Is Remarkable As The Site Of What Appears To Have Been One Of The Largest Celtic Or Druidical Temples In Europe. In Forming This Temple, No Less Than 65u Blocks Seem To Have Been' Brought Together And Placed In Circles And Rows. These Stones Were ...
Or Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid, Or Acetotes Acid, Is The Sour Part Of Vinegar, And That To Which Its Peculiar And Valuable Properties Are Owing. It Is Pro Cured, First, By The Fermentation Of Saccharine Or Sugary Matter,—secondly, By The Action Of Heat Upon Wood; The Product Of The Former Constituting Vinegar, And ...
Or Afghanistan
Afghanistan, Or The Country Of The Afghans, Comprehends A Large District Between India And Persia, Lying Between 28' And 35° N. Lat., And Between 132° And 73° E. Long. The Valley Of Kabool Contains Many Fertile And Beautiful Spots, Studded With Villages. Fruits Of Kabool Constitute The Prin Cipal Article ...
Or Anemoweter
Anemoweter, Or Wind-measurer, Is An Instrument For Ascertaining The Force Of The Wind, Generally By Finding The Mechanical Effect Which It Produces On The Apparatus. Wolfs Anemometer Consists Of Four Small Sails, Like Those Of A Windmill, Which Turn On A Horizontal Axis : This Axis Is Connected By Wheel-work ...
Or Aqu1educt Aqueduct
Aqueduct, Or Aqu1educt, Is Usually An Elevated Channel For The Conveyance Of Water. Aqueducts Were Most Extensively Used By The Romans, And In The Vicinities Of Many Of Their More Important Cities, In Asia And Africa, As Well As In Europe, Remains Of Ex Tensive Constructions Of The Kind Yet ...
Or Arcograpii Cyclograph
Cyclograph, Or Arcograpii, Is An Instrument For Drawing Arcs Of Circles Without Centres, Used In Architectural And Engineering Drawing When The Centres Aretoo Distant To Be Conveniently Accessible. Bricklayers And Ma Sons When They Wish To Strike An Arc Upon The Face Of A Wall, Have Recourse To A Very ...
Or Arrac Aback
Aback, Or Arrac, A Distilled Spirit Pre Pared From Different Substances, More Espe Cially From Sweet Juice (toddy) Extracted From The Unexpended Flowers Of Different Species Of The Palm Tribe. In Ceylon, Where A Large Quantity Of Arack Is Manufactured, It Is Entirely Distilled From Cocoa-nut Tree Toddy. The Toddy ...
Or Camaieu Cameo
Cameo, Or Camaieu, Is A Gem Worked In Rillepo. The Art Of Engraving On Stone Is Of High Antiquity ; But It Was For The Most Part Confined To Intaglio, Or Indenting. It Has Been Supposed That The Etruscans Had The Art Of Engraving Hard Stones Before It Was Known ...
Or Chestnut Chesnut
Chesnut, Or Chestnut. This Tree Is Available For A Great Variety Of Uses In The Arts And Domestic Economy. There Are Two Kinds—tbe Sweet Chesnut And The Horse Ches Nut. The Sweet Chesnut Is In Most Cases Culti Vated More For Its Fruit Than For Any Other Purpose. In England ...
Or Colchicum
Colchicum, Or Meadow Saffron, Is A Plant With A Solid Rootstock Or Cormus, Found Wild In Various Parts Of Europe And In Great Britain, Forming A Gay Carpet In The Autumn In The Fields, Where Its Lively Purple Crocus Like Flowers Spring Up. Its Corms And Its Seeds Abound In ...
Or Cyder Cider
Cider, Or Cyder. There Are Two Cider Districts In This Country. The Hereford Cider District Is Comprised In The Cow Counties Of Hereford, Gloucester, Worcester, And Mon Mouth ; The Devonshire Eider District In Those Of Devon, Dorset, Somerset, And Corn Wall. The Principal Kinds Of Apple Used In These ...
Or Maize
Maize, Or Indian Corn, Is A Plant Manly Cultivated In The Vamp R.vt.s Of ;the' World, Where' It Answers A Pitrpose Similar That Of Wheat In More Northern Countries. Is The Zea Mays Of .h.o4pjsts, Of Ylgorons, Growth, With Stems Of Not More Than Two Feet, High In Some Varieties, ...
Or Paco Alpaca
Alpaca, Or Paco, Is The Wool Of The Llama, Or Goat Of Peru And Chili. The Intro Duction Of Alpaca Wool In Manufactures Has Attracted Considerable Attention, And The Ques Tion Of Naturalizing The Alpaca In This Country, In Germany, And In Australia, Is Also An Object Of Much Interest. ...
Or Platinum Pla Tina
Pla 'tina, Or Platinum, Is An Important Metal, Which Was First Made Known In Europe By Mr. Wood, Assay-master In Jamaica, Who Met With Its Ore In 1741. Platina Is Separated From The Sand And Other Matters With Which It Is Mixed, By Washing With A Great Quantity Of Water, ...
Or Quicksilver Mercury
Mercury, Or Quicksilver. This Metal, Which Possesses The Remarkable Pro Perty Of Being Fluid At Usual Temperatures, Has Been Known From The Remotest Ages. Although It Is Met With In Very Largo Quantity, Yet The Mines Occur In Comparatively Few Places ; Those Of Almaden In Spain, And Idria In ...
Or Rain Gauge
Rain-gauge, Or Pluviometer, Is A Vessel For Measuring The Quantity Of Rain Which Falls On Any Particular Part Of The Earth's Surface, The Quantity Being Indicated By The Depth Of The Precipitated Water Which Would Cover The Ground About The Spot, Supposing The Ground To Be Horizontal, And That The ...
Or Respirator
Respirator, Or Breath-warmer, Is A Sin Gular Instrument Invented Some Years Ago For Giving Warmth To The Air Drawn Into The Lungs In Breathing, And Thereby Enabling Invalids To Whom Cold Air Is Injurious To Enjoy The Benefits Of Exercise In The Open Air Without Injury Or Inconvenience. The Apparatus ...
Or Rifled Rifle
Rifle, Or Rifled, Is A Term Applied To Muskets Or Pieces Of. Ordnance When Their Bores Are Furrowed With Spiral Grooves ; The Grooves Or Channels Being Formed By A Machine Which Scrapes Away The Substance Of The Barrel Interiorly In Parallel And Serpentine Directions. The Object To Be Attained ...
Or Specific Gravity
Specific Gravity, Or More Properly Specific. Weight, Is The Weight Of Any Gas, Liquid, Solid, Under Some Given Volume, As A Cubic Foot, A Cubic Inch, Die. Distilled Water Is The Substance Usually Employed For The Purpose Of Comparing Together The Weights Of All Substances Except The Gases ; And ...
Or Staining Glass Painting
Glass Painting, Or Staining, Is Practised As Follows — The Design Having Been First Drawn On Paper, The Glass Is Laid Thereon, And The Outline Traced With A Coloured Fusible Glass. The Parts Intended To He Yel Low, Orange, Or Red, Are Then Coated, Either On One Or Both Sides, ...
Or Stop Cock Cock
Cock, Or Stop-cock. The Stop-cocks In Most Common Use Consist Of A Short Tube Of Brass, Intersected By A Nearly Cylindrical Plug, Capable Of Being Turned On Its Axis At Pleasure, And So Perforated Or Cut That, While In One Position It Completely Prevents The Passage Of Fluid Through The ...
Or Sulphur
Sulphur, Or Brimstone, Is A Solid Ele Mentary Non-metallic Body, Which Has Been Known From The Remotest Antiquity. It Is Met With Pure, And In Various States Of Combina Tion. Sulphur, Both Crystallised And Massive, Occurs In Beds And Veins In Swabia, Hungary, And Switzerland. Volcanic Sulphur Is Found In ...