NETEIERTAIW$, In England the Nether lands and Holland imply pretty nearly the same thing, viz. the territory which, after the separation of Belgium, in 1830, remained to the Icing of Holland. In this remarkably flat country, sufficient corn for home consumption is not raised; laenip and flax are grown in great abundance. There are no minerals ex cept a little bog-iron in Overyssel and Guel derland : there are brick-earth, potters' clay, fullers' earth, and a little sea-salt.
The history of the commerce of the Nether lands properly begins with Bruges in handers, in the 44th century. From Bruges the trade was for the most part transferred at the end of the 15th century to Antwerp, whieh became the greatest emporium in the world. But the ravages of the war with Spain and the capture of the city after the memorable siege in 1686 drove the wealthiest inhabitants to the northern provinces, especially to Amsterdam. The Dutch East India Company conquered king doms and islands in the east I and became the first commercial city in the World. From 17:p5 to 1813 the trade of Holland was rqueh depressed by French domination I but since that period it has partially recovered, though it has pot attained its former extent.
The inland trade employs 6000 of the vessels celled trekschuyts, and 15,000 boats.
The exports from the Netherlands consist of colonial Produce from the West In dies, coffee, sugar, spices, tea, silks, and other articles from China and Japan ; together with the home produce of butter, cheese, flax, hemp, tobacco, Madder, flowers, cattle, horses, and fish. The chief articles of importation are corn, salt, wine, timber, stone, and various manufactured goods ; besides colonial produce of every kind from the possessions in Asia, Africa, and the West Indies. The value of the British and Irish reduce and manu , British factures exported to Ho and in 1818 was ,823X81. The produce imported into Great Britain from Holland is chiefly butter, cheese, flax, madder, and Dutch colonial produce.
The principal manufactures are linen of the best quality woollens, once the most eelehra ted in the world ; silks, and leather. Sugar refineries, tobacco-pipe "manufactories, distil leries, and cotton mills, are numerous.' As has been noticed in llorium and other articles, many of the chief towns of the Netherlands take part in the Industrial Exhibition.