PIGS. The commercial value of swine very considerable; for besides the flesh con sidered as an article of food, the Shia, the bristles, and other parts of time animal are ap plied to many useful purposes. In f FleSefe Magazine' for October, PM, is given a lively account of the traffic which these animals Pe casion in one of We oewly-fonned cities 0 the United States ; the paper has the usual rattling tone of a llagfqine article; hot there is internal evidence that the Stattnneata are trustworthy reSPeeting the varied pt7p9P,$ to whicb the slaughtered animals can be applied, in a district where the supply is abundant, That Ireland depends greatly on pigs ` to pay the rent' l wall 4 •erY large proportion of the pigs reared in Ireland find their way either alive or mired into the Fmg... lisp market. This transit liss increased to an astonishing Patent since the Union, Jo 101 there were only 20)0 pigs gent from Ireland to England 6 in it Was in 18I it was 14,..54.; in 182t it Wag I0$,.501, In this last named pax navigation began to tell in the matter, hi lessening the expense of freight. By the year 1.837 the nuother rose to 700,00e. It is difficult now to form a judg ment of the number, for the trade between the two conntaies is in most cases assimilated to a coasting trade, The small fanners of Ire land naostly sell their pigs to jobbers ordealers who go round the country, and who either drive the pigs at once to the shipping ports, or sell them to third parties who fatten, slaughter and cure the pig$ fox the bacon market, The year 18-17 was not a, good year for taking any averages in Ireland ; but in that year it was found there were, living in all the farms of, Ireland, 022,44 pip, Pigs aro Pleatifu/ qn Ireland in gaud years; and it was well Ascer tained that, the numherni the ,caltunitons 18/7 was far below the average, The swine and hogs imported into Great Britain front foreign conntnes in the three years were s— • Year. ATP, 4nParW.
1a49,•„••owittr•or: f2,004 I I. 1••• Pi 7,2V7 sat fast, wegro no Ireland for suell Pt ear pigs, pork, and be eon as is not the produce Of pur own pip sold at yearly 40,0001 the selling price presenting a netial average of about P,O,r. The dead pigs sold in Newgate Market annually give an aggregate weight of ftbout 11.0,Q00 to 140,000 OOPS of 8 lbs,, besides see/ling Leatlenholl Market the weight amounts to the large quantity of. 500,000 stone. The
kadenholl butchers Aso slaughter about 40,000 pigs annually.
is a maeldne by which e heavy mass of iron i$ raised to a considerable height in the Air; the mess boipq then allowed fall by gravity on the head pf g pile, the momentum acquired by the descent forces the pile into the ground, Such an engine is employed in driving piles for tike support of the cleepers or horizontal timbers on which are built the piers of bridges, the revenneots of the ramparts of fortreeses, or any other heavy mass of brick-work or sterte-worlt when the soil is ,net sufficiently firm 10 starry the struenire. Piles are also imps driven;ri ender to fort.cofferdams in rivers, preparatory to the gellstnieline 9f PiePS or the faces of goal's, basins, &n.
The most important improvement in pile. engines is the steam-hannuer pi Mr. ,Nasmyth, The principle of this most powerful instrument ponsists in having a small steam engine so connected with the yam pr hammer, that after the ?,suer has fallen by its town it is raised again by the Petien Of doses, The ,saving a gig the use eery gm4,t, end the invention is one of gulsx importance in engineering, It is appli gable to the forging ,of apelmrs, and other worhs, rihcrr P.Pwertril blows are 19 begivm Yea rffg(Pricabdc Principle 14,5 beep iwro pi,tbie the last few Ye4T§ in pilgifirON; it -ar.E4 invented by Pr. Potts, and has he,en extensive)). ,applied sty Stephenson,nrunel, and other engineers. In the ordinary prppeas the power is applied ,to We pile; hat in Pelts' method We power is applied to We ground itself. The pile is anti is phteed per pendicularly ,ovey We spot where it is to he jSuni; it is 9n .$..b.Q top by Mg A east iron plate npon ,,A-tahe passes JO:trough this plate ,or eoyer„ nod gennects the hollow of the pile with an air-pump. When the air is drawn out of the hollow centre, the sand or gravel is sucked up into it,•by atmos pheric pressure, and the metallic pile is facili tated in its descent. In some cases this ope ration has been conducted on an enormous scale. A bridge has lately been built by Messrs. Fox and Henderson over the Shannon for one of the Irish railways. It is supported on Dr. Potts' hollow piles. Each pile is ten feet in diameter ; and these enormous masses were sunk into a clay soil with astonishing rapidity, by withdrawing the air from the in terior of the pile.