SAONE. The river Saone in France gives name to two departments, each of which pre. sents a few interesting features connected with industry.
In Sadne-et-Loire about 18,000,000 gallons of wine are made annually ; the best kinds are those grown near Romaneche in the arron• dissement of Macon, near which there is also the richest manganese mine in France. The department contains one of the richest coal fields in France. Fifteen mines are worked ; and in their neighbourhood are numerous iron works, the ore used in which is partly mined in this district, but most of it is the produce of distant mines. At Creuzot, where iron and coal mines are worked, is one of the most important iron works in France, and great foundries in which cannon, anchors, steam machinery, mill castings, &c., are manu factured. There are large forests of oak, elm, beech, and fir, in the Morvan and COvennes ranges, and in several other districts; in the eastern division of the department the forests contain alSo •maple and poplar. To the in dustrial products of the department already mentioned are to- be added steel and steel ware, glass bottles, copper ware, paper, beet root, sugar, pottery, bricks, cotton cloth and yarn, linen, leather, felt hats, drugget, plaids, wine casks, oil, flour, &e. Haute Saone the mountainous regions abound in forests of oak, fir, beech, ash, &c., are covered in many parts with good slimmer pasture. Minerals are abundant, in cluding red and gray granite, green and violet porphyry, freestone, lithographic stone, grind- • stone, gypsum, white sand used in glass fac tories, limestone, marble, and iron. Several
iron and coal mines are worked. Vast quan tities of cherries for making kirschwasser are ' cultivated. About 8,000,000 gallons of in fcrior Burgundy wine, are made annually.
; The chief industrial product is iron, in the various forms of pig, bar, sheet, tin plates, • steel, wire, or articles of ironmongery. This , manufacture is carried on in about 00 forges, r furnaces, and foundries. The other indus. , trial establishments include glass-works, pot , teries and brickfields, distilleries, tan-yards, • cotton mills, paper-mills, dyehouses, oil mills, &c. Straw and felt hats, hosiery, drugget, and hempen cloth are also made; and there , is good trade in corn, flour, hay, timber, oak staves, deals, butter, cheese, salt and cattle.
There is one remarkable establishment in this department which deserves notice. It is the corn mill belonging to M. Tramoy, at Gray. This mill, which is of elegant con struction, and the finest establishment of the kind in France, is driven by a current drawn from the Saone. It contains eleven water wheels, which drive eleven pairs of stones and a saw mill; and by ingenious mechanical contrivances, all the various processes in the grinding, sifting, and lifting of the greater part of the surplus corn of five adjacent de partments ground in this vast establishment, are performed with the help of only fifteen workmen. - The flour from these mills enters largely into the supply of Lyon and Marseille, whither it is conveyed by barges down the Saone and Rhone.