STANDARD, and TROY WEIGHT, many details are given on this subject. We will here give a few brief notices concerning Foreign weights and measures, as they are often useful while reading industrial statistics of foreign countries.
France.—The new French system is called metrical, as derived from the measurement of the earth. Its first measure, the metre, is presumed to be the ten-millionth part of a line drawn from the pole to the equator, and is 39.37079 English inches. All the multiples and subdivisions of every measure are decimal, and are formed by the same prefixes. For 10, 100, 1000, and 10,000, the syllables Deco, Hecto, Kilo, and Ilfyria are prefixed; and for tenths, hundredths, thousandths, the syllables peci, Centi, .1111111. Latin prefixes indicate division, Greek prefixes multiplication. Thus the hectometre is 100 metres, and the centi metre the hundredth part of a metre. The metre being thus settled, the other funda-. mental measures are formed as follows :—For surface or area, the Are, which is a deca metre square,' or 100 square metres, or .02171143 of an English acre, or 3.953S English perches. For solidity, the stere, or cubic metre, 35.32 cubic feet English, or 220.09687 imperial gallons English. For liquid measures the litre, or cubic decimetre, .22009687 of an imperial gallon, or a very little more than a pint and three quarters English. For weight, the gramme, a cubic centimetre of distilled water at the freezing point, .00220600 of an English pound aver dupois, or 15.442 grains English. The kilo gramme is therefore 2.2 pounds averdupois, or, roughly, 50 kilogrammes make a hundred weight. The franc, the unit of money, is divided into 10 decimes, and each decime into 10 centimes. The sous is 5 centimes.
Austria. The metrical system is introduced in the Italian dominions. In Austria proper gold and silver are weighed by the Vienna mare of 4333 grains. The pfund is 1.235 lb. averdupois. The metzen is 1.691 of the English bushel. The eimer is 12.444 gallons. The foot is 12.45 inches ; the ell, 30.66 inches. The jock is 1 acre, 1 rood, 28 perches.
Bavaria. The Augsburg mare is 3643 grains; 21 lb. commercial weight is 25 lb. averdupois, and 21 lb. carriers' weight is 26 lb. averdupois, nearly. The metzen is 1.515 of the English bushel ; the fader is 31.21 bushels. The foot (half the short ell) is 11.607 inches. The long ell is 21 inches. The German geographical mile is 4.6 miles English.
Belgium. The French metrical system.
Constantinople. The cheguee is 4957 grains. The ode is 2.832 pounds averdupois. The Billow (dry) is 7.290 gallons. The almud is 1.150 of the English gallon. The pike is 27 inches.
Denmark. The pound for gold and 'silver is 7266 grains. The commercial pound is 1.1028 lb. averdupois. The barrel is 3.8264 bushels. The viertel is 1.701 of the English gallon. The foot, or half ell, is the Rhineland foot of 12.356 English inches. The toende of corn is 5i acres.
Florence and Leghorn. The cantaro is 150 pounds of .74864 lb. averdupois each. The stojo is .6702 of the English bushel. The barite is 10.033 gallons. The braccio is 22.98 English inches. The saccala is 1 acre 36 perches.
Frankfort. For gold and silver the Cologne' mare. The common pound is 1.03 lb. averdu pois. The centner is 112.25 lb. averdupois. The matter is 2.9705 bushels. The ohm is 32.454 gallons. The foot is 11.27 inches, the ell 21.24 inches.
Genoa. The pound sottile for gold and silver is 4891.5 grains. The pound grosso is .76875 lb. averdupois. The mina is 3.921 bushels. The mezzarola is 32.57gallons. The palma is 9.725 inches.
Hamburg. The Cologne mare is 3008 grains ; the pound troy is two mares. The _ommercial pound is 1.068 lb. averdupois. The last of wheat (30 scheffels) is 10.9 quarters ; the ohm is 31.85 gallons. The foot is 11.289 inches. The schiPl of land is 1 6 perches.
'Tolland. The mare is 3798 grains ; the pound is 2 mares ; but the commercial pound is 1.0S93 lb. averdupois. The last is 10.231 quarters. The aam is 34.10 gallons. The _Rhineland foot is 12.36 inches. The Rhineland perch is 12 Rhineland feet ; and the _Rhineland morgen or acre is 2 acres 16 perches.