TUSCANY. About one-sixth part of this Italian State is planted with vines and olive. frees; another sixth is cultivated as arable land; nearly two-sixths are either forests or plantations of chestnut-trees, which afford food to the population of the mountains ; and nearly as much again is pasture laud: The most common way of letting land is on the metayer' system, by which the farmer finds half the seed and implements, and gives the owner half the produce in kind; the landlord stocks the farm, and a valuation is given to the farmer, who is to make all good on leaving.
Tuscany, besides the usual agricultural crops, produces wine, oil, and silk. The other articles of native produce exported are—fruit of various sorts, lamb and kid skins, potash, timber, cork, juniper -berries, marble and alabaster, iron from Elba, borax, sulphur, alum, and anchovies, which arc fished off the coast. Nearly the whole trade of Tuscany
with other countries is carried on through the port of Leghorn. The mineral products are—iron, from the island of Elba, the ore of which is smelted and cast on the mainland, at Cecina, Valpiana, and Follonica ; copper, lead, marble, sulphur, rock-salt, alabaster, and alum. Sea-salt it made chiefly in Elba.
The manufactures of Tuscany consist of woollen, hempen, and linen Cloths ; Woollen caps for the Levant; silk stuffs, paper, glass, leather, wax; coral, which is gathered on the coast of Barbary and worked at Leghorn ; iron-ware, alabaster vases, amid other orna ments, wrought at Volterra; china and delft ware. The straw-plat manufacture has de clined greatly of late years.
The exports of British produce and manu factures to Tuscany in 1849, amounted in value to 777,273/.