Suffolk
Suffolk Produces Scarcely Any Minerals Of Value. Chalk And Shell-marl From The Crag Formation Are Dug From Manures. This County Forms One Of The Best Cultivated Districts In The Southern Part Of Great Britain. The Greater Part Of The Land Is Under The Plough ; There Being Now Scarcely Such ...
Sugar
Sugar. Although This Valuable Commo Dity Is Obtainable From Various Sources, The Sugar Cane Is That Which Yields By Far The Largest Supply. This Cane Grows In The Warm Districts Both Of The Old And The New World. Stems Vary In Height From Eight Feet Up Even To Twenty Feet, ...
Sulphuric Acid Manufacture
Sulphuric Acid Manufacture. The Manufacture Of This Important Acid In Volves Arrangements Of Great Magnitude And Interest. At The Chemical Works Of Glasgow, Newcastle, And A Few Other Large Towns, The Production Of Sulphuric Acid Is Carried" On Upon A Vast Scale. The Process Consists Mainly In Bringing Sulphur In ...
Sumatra
Sumatra. This Is One Of The Most Fer Tile And Important Islands In The Eastern Hemisphere. Rice Is Cultivated In The Lowest Plains And In The Elevated Valleys Of The Mountain Range. The Most Common Es Culent Vegetables Are Different Kinds Of Yams, Both Red And White ; The St. ...
Sunderland
Sunderland, With Its Northern Suburb Of Monk Wearnzoulh, Constitutes The Busy Commercial Mouth Of The Wear. This Liver Is Crossed By An Iron Bridge Of One Arch, Erected Near The Close Of The Last Century. The Abutments Are Piers Of Nearly Solid Ma , Sonry, 24 Feet In Thickness. The ...
Sure
Sure. This Department Is One Of Th Cider Districts Of Trance; About 30,000,001 Gallons Are Produced Annually. The Depart Ment Is Rich In Iron Ore; Building Stone, Mill Stones, And Paving Granite Are Quarried ; Fullers' Earth And Potters' Clay Are Found. The Manufactures Consist Of Fine And Coarse Woollen ...
Suspension Bridge
Suspension Bridge Is A Bridge In Which The Weight Of The Roadway, Instead Of Resting Upon Arches Of Masonry, Or On A Rigid Framework Of Wood Or Iron, Is Supported By The Tension Of Ropes, Chains, Or Rods. We Have No Account Of The Existence Of Iron Suspension-bridges In Europe ...
Swansea
Swansea. This Important Welch Town Contains Groups Of Furnaces And Other Works Connected With The Smelting Of Copper, For Which Swansea Is Celebrated. The Ore Is Im Ported From Cornwall, Devonshire, And Other Parts Of Great Britain, And Also From Various Foreign Places Besides Australia. Besides The Works For Smelting ...
Sweden
Sweden. The Climate And Soil Are Less Favourable To The Growth Of Grain In Sweden Than In Most Other Parts Of Europe. The Principal Objects Of Cultivation Are Rye, Barley, Oats, Peas And Wheat. The Produce Of Pota Toes Increased From About 200,000 Qrs. 1905.. To, Shot 2,000,00a Qrs. In ...
Sweeping Machines
Sweeping Machines. Mr. Whit Worth's Street-sweeping Machine Deserves To Be More Extensively Adopted Than It Has Yet Been; For Its Operations Are More Expeditious And More Effective Than Those Ordinarily Adopted. It Was Introduced About Eight Or Nine Years Ago At Manchester. There Had Before Been Invented Road-scraping Machines ; ...
Switzerland
Switzerland. This Interesting Country Does Not Produce Corn Enough For Its Consump Tion. Flax And Hemp Are Extensively Grown ; But The Chief Territorial Wealth Of The Highlands, And Indeed Of The Greater Part Of Switzerland, Consists In Its Pastures And Its Cattle. The Vine Is Extensively Cultivated In The ...
Sword Manufacture
Sword Manufacture. Several Countries Have Been Celebrated For The Excel Lence Of The Swords Manufactured By The Inha Bitants. The Swords Of Toledo Were Famed Even As Far Back As The Time Of The Romans. The Milan Swords Have Likewise Had A High Reputation. But The Damascus Swords Have Had ...
Syria
- Syria. In This Important Region Of Western Asia The Ordinary Farming Produce Is Raised In Fair Variety And Quantity. Cotton, Hemp, Flax, Madder, Indigo, And Tobacco, Are To Some Extent Cultivated. Almost All The Fruits Both Of Temperate And Of Tropical Climates Are Met With In Syria. The Forests ...
Tachometer
Tachometer. This Is The Name Of An Apparatus Patented By Messrs. Napier, In 1818, For Ascertaining The Speed With Which Vessels Pass Through The Water. It Consists Of A Limi Zontal Spindle, Moving Freely On Pivots Attached To The Side Of The Vessel Beneath The Water Line, And Enclosed In ...
Tallow
Tallow Is Animal Fat Melted And Sepa Rated From The Membranous Matter Which Is Naturally Mixed With It. When Pure, Tallow Is White, And Nearly Tasteless ; But The Tal Low Of Commerce Usually Has A Yellow Ti Nge. A Very Large Proportion Of The Tallow Used For Making Soap ...
Tanks
Tanks. The Importance Of Collecting Rain-water For Domestic Purposes, Especially In Districts Where Springs Are Deficient Or Lie At A Great Depth, Has Been Much Overlooked In This Country. Mr. Waistell Urges The Im Portance Of Placing Spouts Round All The Buildings Of A Farm To Collect The Rain-water Which ...
Tapestry
Tapestry. This Name Is Commonly Applied To The Textile Fabrics Usually Composed Of Wool Or Silk, And Sometimes Enriched With Gold And Silver, Woven Or Embroidered With Figures, Landscapes, Or Ornamental Devices, And Used As A Lining Or Covering For The Walls Of Apartments. It Is Probable That Many Of ...
Tapioca Mandioc Tar
Tapioca. [mandioc.) Tar Is Obtained From Wood Or Coal By Dis Tillation In Close Vessels, Or In Piles From Which The Air Is Excluded. Pitch Is Obtained By Boiling Tar Until All The Volatile Matters Are Drwen Off. Tar Is A Viscid Brown Semi-fluid Mass, Which Long Preserves Its Softness. ...
Tartaric Acid
Tartaric Acid Was First Obtained In A Separate State By Scheele ; It Exists In Several Vegetable Products, But Principally In Bi Tartrate Of Potash, Which Is Usually Called Cream Of Tartar, A Salt Which Is Deposited From Wine. Tartaric Acid Is Colourless, Inodorous, And Very Sour; It Occurs In ...
Teak
Teak. The Teak-tree Is A Native Of Diffe Rent Parts Of India, As Well As Of Birma, Chiefly Along The Banks Of The Irawaddy, And Of The Islands From Ceylon To The Moluccas. The Teak-tree Grows To An Immense Size, And Is Remarkable For Its Very Large Leaves, Which Are ...
Teazle
Teazle (dipsaens Fullonune) Is A Plant Which Grows Wild In The Hedges, But An Im Proved Variety Is Carefully Cultivated In Those Districts Of England Where Cloth Is Manufac. Tured. It Is Used For The Purpose Of Forming A Species Of Brush With Which The Finer Hairs Of The Woollen ...
Telegraph
Telegraph. We May Class These Useful Contrivances In Two Groups—the Mecha Nical And The Electra -mechanical Telegraphs :— Most Of The Older Telegraphs Consisted Of Boards Or Wooden Arms, Which According To The Positions Assumed, Signified The Letters Of The Alphabet. The Kind Generally Used In France At The End ...
Telescope
Telescope. Such Telescopes As Are Onstructed With Glass Lenses Only Are Called Tioptric, Or Refracting Telescopes ; Whereas Hose Which Have A Reflecting Speculum Are He Catoptric, Or Reflecting Telescopes. By These Nstruments Objects Even In The Remotest Lepths Of Space Are Rendered Accessible To Inman Vision ; And Terrestrial ...
Tenacity
Tenacity. This Property Is A Result Of The Attractions And Repulsions Which Act Within The Insensible Spaces Supposed To Exist Be Tween The Particles Of Bodies ; It Is Con Sequently Different In Different Materials, And In The Same Material It Varies With The State Of The Body With Respect ...
Tessellated Floors
Tessellated Floors. Mr. Ward, In The Introductory Essay To Mr. Owen Jones's Beautiful Work On Mosaic Pavements, Says :— " The Materials Of The Best And Costliest Pavements At Rome (such, For Example, As. Those Still Remaining In The Baths Of Cara Calla) Are Coloured Marbles Of Various Kinds, Differing ...
Thames
Thames. The Navigation Of This Most Busy Of English Rivers Commences At Lech Lade, Where The River Is About 258 Feet Above Low-water Mark At London Bridge. The Thames And Severn Canal, Which Follows The Valley Of The Churn And The Thames From Near Cirencester, Opens Into The Thames At ...
Thatch
Thatch Is A Covering Of Straw, Rushes, Or Reeds, As A Substitute For Tiles Or Slates For Houses, Barns, Ricks, Stacks, And Sheds. We Will First Describe The Mode Of Thatching Hay Ricks And Corn Stacks, As The Simplest The Rick Or Stack Having Been Formed Into A Proper Shape, ...
Thermometer
Thermometer Is An Instrument By Which The Temperatures Of Bodies Are Ascer Tained. It Consists Of A Glass Tube With A Capil Lary Bore Containing In General Alcohol Or Mer Cury. When The Liquid Expands Or Contracts By Variations In The Temperature Of The Atmo Sphere, Or By The Instrument ...
Thomas Telford
Telford, Thomas, Was One Of Those Invaluable Men Whose Engineering Labours Form The Best Memento Of Their Personal History. He Was The Son Of A Shepherd In Eskdale, Dumfriesshire, Where He Was Born In 1707. At The Age Of Fourteen He Was Apprenticed To A Stone-mason In The Town Of ...
Thrashing Machine
Thrashing Machine. The Separa Tion Of The Grain From The Ear In Corn Is Effected In Different Ways. The Finest And Ripest Grains For Seed Are Extracted By Simply Beating The Corn On A Table Or Flat Board. The Most Usual Method Is By Means Of The Flail, An Instrument ...
Thread Manufacture
: Thread Manufacture. Sewing. R Thread, And The Various Kinds Of Thread Usec In The Manufacture Of Bobbin-net, Lace, An Some Other Kinds Of Textile Fabric, Consist O I Two Or More Yarns, Or Simple Spun Threads 3 Firmly United Together By Twisting, Just As I • Rope-strand Consists Of ...
Thunder Rod
Thunder-rod, Is A Rod Of Metal At Tached Generally To A Side Of A Building, And Extending From Below The Level Of The Ground To A Point Several Feet Above The Highest Part Of The Roof Of The Building, In Order To Secure The Edifice From The Effects Of Thunder ...
Tide Gauge
Tide Gauge. The Phenomena Of The Tides Relate Too Intimately To Physicial Science To Come Fittingly Under Notice In This Work; But Tide-ganges, Such As That Recently Erected At Sunderland, Are Too Important To Commerce To Be Passed Over Here. Mr. Meik, The Engineer Of Sunderland Has Invented And Registered ...
Time Keepers Timepieces
Time - Keepers ; Time - Pieces. [crmowonthrens ; Chkeits And Watches.] Tin. This Metal Is One Of Those Which Were Earliest Known, Though It Occurs In Com Paratively Few Countries. It Is Found In England, Saxony, Bohemia, Hungary, The Isle Of Banca, The Peninsula Of Malacca, In Chili, And ...
Tin Manufacture
Tin Manufacture, Tim Ores Of Tin Aised In Cornwall And Devonshire Are Mostly Reduced Or Smelted Within Those Counties. The Smelting-works Do Not Generally Belong To The Proprietors Of The Mines, But To Other Parties Who Purchase The Ore From Them, Their Value Being Determined By A Kind Of Assay. ...
Tobacco
Tobacco. Tobacco Was The Name Used By The Caribbees For The Pipe With Which They Smoked, But Was Transferred By The Spaniards To The Herb Itself. The Genus Nicotiana Con Tains About 40 Species, Most Of Them Yielding Tobacco For Smoking, And Many Of Them Cul Tivated In The Gardens ...
Tobacco Pipes
Tobacco-pipes Are Made Of Clay, White And Coloured Earths, Porcelain, Ivory, And Various Other Substances. The Tobacco-pipes Commonly Used In This Oountry Are Formed Of A Fine Plastic White Clay, Which Is Called From This Application, It Is Procured Chiefly From Purbeck, In Dorsetshire ; And, After Being Purified And ...
Tortoise Shell
Tortoise-shell Is Procured From A Marine Tortoise Called The Hawk's-bill Turtle, Or Tesludo Imbricata. Each Animal Furnishes Thirteen Principal Plates, Five Along The Centre Of The Back, And Four On Each Side ; And Twenty-five Smaller Scales Or Plates, Which Constitute The Margin Of The Shell. The Horny Plates Which ...
Toulouse
Toulouse. The Industrial Products Of This Important French City Are Of Greatvariety, Including Coarse Woollen Cloth, Blankets, Silk Goods, Gauze, Starch, Straw-hats, Vermicelli, Wax Candles, Musical Strings, Card And Room Paper, Pottery, Scythes, Steel, And Hardware; It Has A Large Porcelain Manufactory, Cotton Yarn Mills, Dye-houses, Several Printing Offices, Brandy ...
Traction
Traction, In Mechanics, Is The Act Of Drawing A Body Along A Plane, Usually By The Power Of Men, Animals, Or Steam ; As When A Vessel Is Towed On The Surface Of Water Or A Carriage Moved Upon A Road. The Power Exerted In Order To Produce The Effect ...
Trieste
Trieste, At The North-eastern Extremity Of The Adriatic, Has Been Long A Free Port, And Is The Most Important And Wealthy Commercial City In The Austrian Dominions. Consuls Of Almost Every Nation In Europe Reside There. The Commerce Of Trieste Was Much Increased By The Commercial Treaty Concluded With Greece ...
Trigonometrical Survey
Trigonometrical Survey. The Merit Of First Applying Trigonometry To Geodetic Operations Belongs To Willebrord Snell, Who In 1017 Undertook A Survey Of Holland, For The Double Purpose Of Establishing The Geo Graphical Positions Of The Principal Cities In That Country, And Measuring A Degree Of The Terrestrial Meridian. The Method ...
Trinity House
Trinity House. This Remarkable Cor Poration Has The Management Of Some Of The Most Important Interests Of The Seamen And Shipping Of England. James Ii. Granted The Trinity House The Charter Which Is Now In Force, In The First Year Of His Reign. It Directs The Masters And Wardens To ...
Triumphal Arch
Arch, Triumphal, A Structure Which The Romans Used To Erect Across Their Roads Or Bridges, Or At The Entrance Of Their Cities, In Honour Of Victorious Generals Or Emperors. They Were Of' Two Kinds. Temporary Arches Were Made Of Wood, On The Occasion Of A Triumph. The Others Were Permanent ...
Truck System
Truck System. This System Has Much Influence On The Relation Between Employers End Workmen, In The Manufacturing Districts. The Term Truck, Which Means Exchange Or Barter, Is Now Used To Signify The Payment Of Wages Of Labour In Goods, And Not In Money. By The Truck-system Is Meant This Mode ...
Tull
Tull The Omnibus System Is Still More Remarkable Than That Of Cabs. 'it Is Only About Twenty Or Twenty-five Years Ago That One Stage Coach, And One Only, Ran From Paddington To The Bank. All The Villages Round London' Had In Like 'manner Their Small Array Of Coaches: In 1$29 ...
Tunnel
Tunnel, In Civil Engineering, Is An Arched Passage Formed Underground To Conduct A Canal Or Road On A Lower Level Than The Natural Surface. Long Tunnels Are Usually Made Through Hills In Order To Avoid The Incon Venience And Loss Of Power Occasioned By Conducting A Canal, Road, Or Railway ...
Tures
Tures; While The Chief Working Materials Are Adverted To Under Baum, Colouns, Crayons, Om Colotrits, Pencils, And The Names Of The Chief Colouring Substances. In Respect To House-painting, It Is Executed Either In Oil Or Distemper. In Oil The Principal Tools Employed Are Brushes, Made Of Hogs' Bristles For Large ...
Tuscany
Tuscany. About One-sixth Part Of This Italian State Is Planted With Vines And Olive. Frees; Another Sixth Is Cultivated As Arable Land; Nearly Two-sixths Are Either Forests Or Plantations Of Chestnut-trees, Which Afford Food To The Population Of The Mountains ; And Nearly As Much Again Is Pasture Laud: The ...
Type Pounding
Type-pounding. In The Article Print Ing A General View Is Given Of The Various Steps In The Invention Of Typography, Or The Art Of Printing From Moveable Types, And A Brief Notice Of The Individuals Whose Ingenuity Contributed, More Or Less, To The Perfection Of The Process Of Type-founding. Most ...
Ultramarine
Ultramarine, Is A Well-known Blue Pigment Of Extraordinary Beauty And Great Permanence. Ultramarine Was Originally Prepared From The Lapis Lazuli Or Laznlite. This Mineral Presents Itself In Small Masses Of Granular Structure, In A Rock Of Heterogeneous Struc Ture ; This Rock, Which In Commerce Is Called Lapis, Sells For ...
United States
United States. The Following De. Tails Will Illustrate A Few Among The Many Aspects Under Which The Produce, Industry, And Commerce Of The United States Of America Present Themselves To Our Natice. In The Year Ending June 1850, The United States Imported 247,951. Tons Of Bar Iron, 14,706 Tons Of ...
Valencia
Valencia. A Large Proportion Of This Beautiful Spanish Province Is Among The Most Fertile And Best Cultivated Districts In Europe. The Plain Or Vega Of Valencia Is About 30 Miles Long And 20 Wide ; The Whole Of This District Is Planted With Olive, Mulberry, Ilex, Algaroba, Orange, And Palm-trees, ...
Valparaiso
Valparaiso, A Large Town And Important Seaport Of Chile, Is Yearly Rising Into Rank As One Of The Leading Commercial Depots On The Pacific Shore Of America. In 1809 Only 9 Vessels Entered The Harbour, In 1836 The Number Averaged 40 Per Month ; In 1819 The Total Number Of ...
Van Diemens Land
Van Diemen's Land. The Mineral Wealth Of This British Colony Is Not Yet Much Known. So Far As It Has Been Investigated, It Includes Copper, Iron, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, Coal, Slate, Salt, And Sandstone. Little Has Yet Been Done In Mining Operations. All Grains Cultivated In England Succeed Well. Wheat ...
Varnish
Varnish Is A Fluid Applied To The Surfaces Of Various Articles, As Wood, &c., And Which, By The Evaporation Or Chemical Change Of A Portion, Leaves Upon Them A Shining Coating Impervious To Air And To Moisture. Varnishes May Be Divided Into Three Classes, Alcoholic Or Spirit Varnishes, Volatile Oil ...
Vases
Vases. The Most Numerous Class Of Ancient Vases Are Those Painted Vases Of Dried Or Baked Clay Which Have Of Late Years Been Discovered By Thousands In Etruria, Southern Italy, Sicily, Greece, And Some Of The Grecian Islands. Such Vases Are Frequently Found In Tombs, Catacombs, And Other Depositories Of ...
Vegetable Substances
Vegetable Substances. To Treat Of Botanical Classification, Or Of The Pheno Mena Of Vegetable Growth, Be Beyond The Limits Of The Present Work. In Respect To The Vegetable Substances Employed In Food, Medicine, And The Arts, Many Are Described Under Their Proper Headings. When The Commissioners Were Forming The Skeleton ...
Velvet Manufacture
Velvet Manufacture. This Beau Tiful Substance Is Mostly A Silk Fabric, Re Markable For The Softness Of Its Surface. This Softness Is Owing To A Loose Pile Or Surface Of Threads, Occasioned By The Insertion Of Short Pieces Of Silk Thread Doubled Under The Shoot, Weft, Or Cross Threads. These ...
Venezuela
Venezuela. This Republic Of South America Is Rich In Vegetable Produce. The Articles Of Cultivation Which Are Grown For Exportation Are Cotton, Indigo, Cacao, Coffee, Sugar, Tobacco, And Cocoa-nuts. Indigo, Which Was Once The Most Important Object Of Cultivation, Is Much Neglected, And Cotten„ Coffee, And Sugar Have Taken Its ...
Venice
Venice. This Far-famed City Has Fallen Greatly From Its Once High Importance ; But It Will Ever Remain A Most Remarkable Place. The Islands On Which The City Stands Are About 80 In Number, Divided From Each Other By Narrow Canals, Which Form The Highways Of Communication, As Streets In ...
Vermicelli
Vermicelli Is A Dried Paste, Manufac Tured Chiefly In Italy, In The Form Of Smooth Round Strings. The Name Has Been Given To It On Account Of Its Worm-like Appearance, Ver Micelli In Italian Signifying Little Worms.' Afaccarani Is Manufactured Of The Same Kind Of Paste As Vermicelli, And In ...
Vinegar Manufacture
Vinegar Manufacture. The Re Lation Which Vinegar Bears To The Acetic; And Pyroligneous Acids Is Noticed Under Acetic Acm. In Countries Which Produce Wine Vine Gar Is Obtained From The Acetous Fermentation Of Wine ; But In This Country It Is Usually Pro Cured From Malt, And The Process Employed ...
Viol
Viol, Was An Ancient Musical Instrument, Which May Be Considered As The Parent Of All Modern Instruments Of The Violin Family. It Was A Fretted Instrument, Of Three Sorts— Treble, Tenor, And Base, Each Furnished With Six Strings, And Played On By A Bow. The Treble Viol Was Rather Larger ...
Wafer
Wafer Is A Small Round Piece Of Dried Paste, Which Is Used To Fasten Letters. The Piece Of Consecrated Cake Which Is Given By The Roman Catholic Priest In Extreme Unction Is Also Called A Wafer ; And Thin Cake Formed Into A Roll, And Called Wafers, Is Still Sold ...
Wales
Wales. The Principal Manufacture In Wales Is That Of Iron, And This Is Chiefly Con Fined To Glamorganshire. Large Quantities Of Ore Are Raised In That County, Where The Most Extensive Smelting Furnaces In The Em Pire To Be Met With. In 1840 South Wales Had 132 Furnaces In Operation, ...
Wall Of Antoninus
Antoninus, Wall Of. This Was An Entrenchment Raised By The Romans Across The North Of Britain Under The Direction Of Lollius Urbicus, Legate Of Antoninus Pius, About A.d. 140, And Is Supposed To Have Con Nected A Line Of Forts Erected By Agricola, A.d. 80. Julius Capitolinus, The Only Ancient ...
Warming And Ventilation
Warming And Ventilation. Under The Headings Arnott's Stove, Cooking Apparatus, And Stove, Descriptions Are Given Of Various Grates, Stoves, And Fire-places; Other Modes Of Warming Buildings Call For A Little Notice Here. The Employment Of Steam-boilers In Large Establishments Where Steam-engines Are Worked, Is One Of The Circumstances Which Have ...
Water
Water, In Its Liquid, Aeriform, Or Solid State, Is Universally Diffused Through Na Ture. It Was Once Considered As One Of The Four Elements, And Is In Common Language Still Frequently So Termed. Water However Is Now Known To Be A Compound Substance Con Sisting Of Hydrogen And Oxygen. It ...
Waterproof Compositions
Waterproof Compositions. Many Patents Have Been Taken Out For Methods Of Rendering Cloth And Leather Water Proof. In 1835 Mr. Hellewell, Of Salford, Took Out A Patient For A Solution, Which, By Immersion, Should Render Cotton And Other Fabrics Waterproof; It Is A Composition Of Rock Alum And Whiting In ...
Weaving
Weaving. We Shall Glance Rapidly Over This Subject In The Following Order :—plain Weaving; Pattern Weaving ; Doable Weaving ; Cross Weaving ; Chain Weaving ; Pile Weav Ing; Power Weaving. Plain Weaving.—calico, Irish Linen, And Plain Silk, Are Good Representatives Of This Kind Of Weaving. In The Language Of ...
Wedge Press
Wedge-press. [oiremnri.] Wedgwood, Josiah Will Ever Be Asso Ciated With The History Of The Porcelain And Pottery Manufacture In This Country. He Was Born In 1730 At Bnrslem, In Staffordshire, Where His Father, Thomas Wedgwood, And Some Other Members Of His Family, Were En Gaged In The Manufacture Of Pottery, ...
West Indies
West Indies. With The Exception Of Hispaniola Or Hayti, Which Is An Independent Republic, The Islands Composing The West Indies Are Subject To Six Different European Nations —the Spaniards, English, French, Danes, Dutch, And Swedes. The Spanish Possessions Are The Largest, And Comprehend More Than Half The Area Of The ...
Whale Fishery
Whale Fishery. Whales Are Songht After For Many Useful Purposes Which They Render To Man: The Flesh Of The Manatee Whale Is Excellent Eating. The Narwhal, A Kind Of Whale, Is Valued For Its Blubber And Its Ivory Tusk. The Sperm Whale Yields Eight Or Ten Barrels Of Spermaceti, Besides ...
Wheat
Wheat. The Species And Varieties Of Wheat Are Numerous ; But There Are Three Principal Kinds, So Different In Appearance That They Claim Peculiar Attention. These Are The Hard Wheats, The Soft Wheats, And The Polish Wheats. The Hard Wheats Are The Pro, Duce Of Warm Climates, Such As Italy, ...
Wheels
Wheels. In Machinery, Wheels Are Generally Used For Transmitting Motion, Regu Lating Velocity, Converting One Species Of Mo Tion Into Another, Reducing Friction, Or Equaliz Ing The Effect Of Forces Applied In An Intermit Tent Or Irregular Manner. The Simplest Mode Of Transmitting Motion From One Wheel To Another Is ...
White Lead Mafufacture
White-lead Mafufacture. This Branch Of Industry Exhibits Many Interesting Features, Both On Account Of The Chemical Relations Which Govern It, And The Mechanical Arrangements Adopted. White Lead Is Made From Common Metallic Sheet Lead ; It Is A Carbonate, And Is Produced In The Following Way. The Lead Is First ...
William Austen
Austen, William, An English Metal Founder Of The Fifteenth Century, Is Worthy Of A Brief Notice In This Place, In So Far As He Had A Great Share In The Construction Of The Cele Brated Tomb At Warwick, In St. Mary's Church, Of Richard De Beauchamp, Earl Of Warwick, Who ...
William Caxton
Caxton, William, To Whom England Owes The Introduction Of Printing, Was Born Probably In 1112, In The Weald Of Kent. He Was Put Apprentice To One Robert Large, A Mercer Or Merchant Of Considerable Eminence ; And Afterwards Lie Travelled In The Low Coun Tries For A Short Time. In ...
Willow
Willow: The Timber Willow, The Weeping Willow, The Osier Willow, And Many Other Kinds, Render A Singular Variety Of Uses To Man. The Leaves, Flowers, And Young Shoots Are Eaten As Food By Various Domestic Animals. The Dried Inner Bark Is Mixed With Oatmeal Iu Norway. The Twigs Are Extensively ...
Wiltshire
Wiltshire. There Are Very Few Mine Ral Deposits Worked In This County. In Respect To Commerce, The Navigation Of The Thames, The Kennet, And The Bristol Ant& Does Not Commence Until After Those Rivers Have Quitted The County; But The Want Of River-navigation Is Partially Supplied By Canals, Of Which ...
Windlass
Windlass. The Winch And Axle, The Tvindlass By Which On Board Of Small Ships The Anchors Are Weighed, And Even The Capstan, Are So Many Different Forms Of The Same Machine. In The Last Two Of These Machines The Power Of Men Is Applied At The Extremi Ties Of Handspokes ...
Windmill
Windmill. Windmills Are Of Two Kinds: In One The 'kind Is Made To Act Upon Vanes Or Sails, Generally Four, Which Are Disposed So As To Revolve By That Action In A Plane Which Is Nearly Vertical ; And In The Other, The Axis Of Revolution Being Precisely Vertical, Any ...
Wine Manufacture
Wine Manufacture. Wine Is The Resnit Of The Fermentation Of Saccharine Fluids, Either Existing Naturally In The Juices Of Plants Or Artificially Blended Together. .the Roots Of Plants, Such As The Parsnip And Beet ; The Stems Of Plants, Such As The Birch And The Cocoa Palm ; The Leaves ...
Wire Drawing
Wire Drawing. Wire Is A Metal Elongated Into The Form Of A Slender Rod, Generally' Cylindrical, But Not Necessarily So. In Early Times, Metals Were Probably Beaten Out With A Hammer Into Thin Plates Or Leaves, Which Were Then Divided Into Small Slips By Means Of Scissors Or Some Other ...
The Mariners Compass
Compass, The Mariners. This In Valuable Instrument Is A Cylindrical Box, Gene Rally Of Brass, In The Centre Of Which Is Fixed Vertically A Steel Pin Terminating In A Fine Co Nical Point, And On This Is Accurately Balanced A Magnetised Needle, Or A Circular Card To The Underside Of ...