IN ACTIONS Ex DELICTO. PLAINTIFFS. The plaintiff must have a legal right in the prop erty affected, whether real; 2 Term 684; Co. Litt. 240 b; 2 Bla. Cora. 185 ; or personal ; Robinson v. Gould, 11 Cush. (Mass.) 55; though a mere possession is sufficient for trespass, and trespass quare clausum,; Cro. Jac. 122 ; 1 Ad. & E. 44 ; and the possession may be constructive in case of trespass for injury to personal property ; 6 Q. B. 606 ; Cary v. Hotailing, 1 Hill (N. Y.) 311, 37 Am. Dec. 323. The property of the plaintiff may be absolute ; 5 Bingh. 305; or special.
Agents who have a an property in a goods may maintain n action of tort in their own names for injury to the goods.
A principal may sue in the name of his agent for a false representatiqn to the agent; Raymond v. Howland, 12 Wend. (N. Y.) 176.
Assignees of property may sue in their own names for tortious injuries committed after the assignment ; 3 Maule & S. 7 ; 1 Ad. & E. 580.; although it has never been in their possession ; Langdon v. Buell, 9 Wend. (N. Y.) 80; Wms. Saund. 252 a, n. (7). Other wise of the assignee of a mere right of ac tion; Zabriskie v. Smith, 13 N. Y. 322, 64 Am. Dec. 551. Assignees in insolvency may sue for torts to the property ; Wilmarth v. Mountford, 8 S. & R. (Pa.) 124; but not to the person of the assignee ; W. Jones 215.
Executors and administrators cannot, in general, sue in actions ex delicto, as such actions are said to die with the plaintiff ; Broom, Part. 212 ; Zabriskie v. Smith, 13 N. Y. 322, 64 Am. Dec. 551. See ACTIO PER SONALLS. They may sue in their own names for torts subsequent to the death of the de ceased ; Carter v. Estes, 11 Rich. (S. C.) 363.
Heirs and devisors have no claim for torts committed during the lifetime of the ancestor or devisor ; 2 Inst. 305.
Husband must, at common law, sue alone for all injuries to his own property and per son ; 3 Bla. Com. 143 ; Cro. Jac. 473; includ ing personalty of the wife which becomes his upon marriage ; Lowry v. Mountjoy, 6 Call.
(Va.) 55; Brown v. Fitz, 13 N. H. 283; Cro. Eliz. 133 ; 6 Ad. & E. 259 ; Rawlins v. Rounds, 27 Vt. 17; and including the continuance of Injuries to such property commenced before marriage ; Lowry v. Mountjoy, 6 Call (Va.) 55; in replevin for timber cut on land be longing to both ; Fairchild v. Chaustelleux, 8 Watts (Pa.) 412 ; for personal injuries to the wife for the damages which he sustains; 3 Bla. Com. 140; 4 B. & Ald. 523; McKin ney v. Stage Co., 4 Ia. 420 ; as in battery ; 8 Mod. 342; Chapman v. Hardy, 2 Brev. (S. C.) 170; Fournet v. S. S. Co., 43 La. Ann. 1202, 11 South. 541; slander, where words are not actionable per se; 4 B. & Ad. 514; Williams v. Holdredge, 22 Barb. (N. Y.) 396; or for special damages ; 4 B. & Ad. 514; Harper v. Pinkston, 112 N. C. 293, 17 S. E. 161.
He may sue alone, also, for injuries to per sonalty commenced before marriage and con summated afterwards ; 2 B. & P. 407 ; and the right survives to him after death of the wife in all cases where he can sue alone ; 1 Chitty, Pl. 75; Viner, Abr. Baron & F. (G); for cutting trees on land held by both in right of the wife ; Allen v. Kingsbury, 16 Pick. (Mass.) 235 ; and generally, for injury to real estate of the wife during coverture; Cushing v. Adams, 18 Pick. (Mass.) 110; Tall madge v. Grannis, 20 Conn. 296; 2 Wils. 414; although her interests be reversionary only; 5 M. & W. 142 ; he may also sue alone for damages for the negligent failure of a tele graph company to transmit and deliver a message to his wife ; Loper v. Tel. Co., 70 Tex. 689, 8 S. W. 600.
Infants may sue by guardian for torts ; Broom, Part. 238.
Lessors and reversioners, generally, may have an action for injury to their reversions; Broom, Part. 214. Damage necessarily to the reversion must be alleged and shown ; 1 Maule & S. 234; 11 Ad. & E. 40; 10 B. & C. 145.
Lessees and tenants, generally, may sue for injuries to their possession ; 4 Burr. 2141; Woodf. Landl. & T. 661.