In prceparatoriis ad judicium favetur actori. In things preparatory before trial, the plaintiff is favored. 2 Inst. 57.
In • prcesentia majoris potestatis, minor potesto,s ccssat. In the presence of the superior power, the minor power ceases. Jenk. Cent. 214; Hardw. 28 13 How. (U. S.) 142, 14 L. Ed. 75 ; 13 Q. B. 740. See Broom, Max. 111, 112.
In pretio emptionis et venditionis naturaZiter licet contrahentibus se circumvenire. In the price of buying and selling, it is naturally allowed to the contracting parties to overreach each other. 1 Story, Contr. 606.
Ira propria causa nemo judex. No one can be judge in his own cause. 12 Co. 13.
In quo quis delinquit, in eo de jure est puniendus. In whatever thing one offends, in that he is right fully to be punished. Co. Litt. 233 b.
In re communi neminem dominorum jure !swore quicquam, invito altero, posse. One co-proprietor can exercise no authority over the common prop erty against the will of the other. Dig. 10. 3. 28. In re dubia benigniorem interpretationem sequi, non minus justius est, quam tutius. In a doubtful case, to follow the milder interpretation is not less the more just than it is the safer course. Dig. 60. 17. 192. 2 ; 28. 4. 3.
In re dubia magis infitiatio quam affirmatio intel ligenda. In a doubtful matter, the negative is to be understood rather than the affirmative. Godb. 37 ; Bart. Max. 127.
In re Zupanari, testes Zupanares ad2nittentur. In a matter concerning brothel, prostitutes are ad mitted as witnesses. 6 Barb. (N. Y.) 320, 324.
In re pari, potiorem causam esse prohibentis con stat. Where a thing is owned in common, it is agreed that the cause of him prohibiting (its use) is the stronger. Dig. 10. 3. 28 ; 3 Kent 45 ; Pothier, Traitd du Con. de Soc. n. 90; 16 Johns. (N. Y.) 438; 491.
In re propria iniquum admodum est alicui licen tiam tribuere sententice. It is extremely unjust that any one should be judge in his dwn cause. In rebus manifestis errat qui auctoritates legion aZZegat; quia perspicua vera non sunt probanda. He errs who alleges the authorities of law in things manifest ; because obvious truths need not be proved. 5 Co. 67.
In republica maxime conservanda runt Jura In the state, the laws of war are to be especially observed. 2 Inst. 58 ; 8 Allen (Mass.) 484.
In restitutionem, non in pcenasn, !acres auceedit. The heir succeeds to the restitution, not the penalty. 2 Inst. 198.
In restitutionibus benignissima interpretatio fa cienda est. The most favorable construction is to be made in restitutions. Co. Litt. 112.
In satisfactionibus non permittitur ampliva !ler( quam semel factum est. In payments, more must not be received than has been received once for all. 9 Co. 53.
In atipulationibua cum quceritur quid actual' sit, verba contra stipulatorem interpretanda aunt. In contracts, when the question is what was agreed upon, the terms are to be interpreted against the party offering them. Dig. 41. 1. 38. 18. (Chancellor Kent remarks that the true principle appears to be to give the contract the sense in which the person making the promise believes the other party to have accepted it, if he in fact did so understand and accept it." 2 Kent 721.) 2 Day (Conn.) 281 ; 1 Duer, Ins. 159, 160 ; Broom, Max. 699.
In stipulationibus id tempus spectatur quo con trahimue. In agreements, reference is had to the time at which they were made. Dig. 60. 17. 144. 1. In suo quisque negotio hebetior est quam in alieno. Every one is more dull in his own business than in that of another. Co. Litt. 377.
In testamentis plenius testatoris intentionem ecrutamur. In testaments, we should seek diligent ly the will of the testator. (But, says Doddridge, C. J., "this is to he observed with these two lim itations: 1st, his intent ought to be agreeable to the rules of the law ; 2d, his intent ought to he collected out of the words of the will." 3 Bulstr. 103.) Broom, Max. 655.
In testamentis plenius voluntates testantium in terpretantur. In testaments, the will of the tes tator should be liberally construed. Dig. 50. 17. 12; Cujac. ad. loc. cited 3 Puthier, Pand. 46 ; Broom, Max. 668. • In toto et pars continetur. A part is included in the whole. Dig. 50. 17. 113.