CONDENSERS. The Bulkley Injector-Condenser is of the injector form, with its water supply and discharge-pipes arranged to act as a siphon. The condensing-water enters by the side nozzle, shown in the cut (Fig. 1), passing downward around the exhaust-nozzle in a thin circular sheet. The exhaust steam thus enters a hollow cone of moving water, and is condensed. The water then passing down with great ve locity through the contracted neck of the condenser draws with it the air and vapor into the discharge-pipe below. The general arrangement of the condenser and its pipes is shown in Fig. I.
Hill's System of Condensa tion for _Pumping - Engines (Fig. 2) provides an ordinary surface-condenser arranged to take water from either the suction or discharge pipe of the main pumps, which water, after it has effected the vacu um in the condenser, is re tamed to the pipe from which it was taken. By the regulat ing-valve the amount of water passing through the main which is diverted into the con denser is regulated so that the least water capable of produc ing a given vacuum shall pass through the condenser, in or der that the temperature of r the hot well or water delivered from the condenser by the air pump Awll be as high as pos sible (this water being used as the feed to the boilers). By delivering more water to the condenser, a better vacuum may be obtained, with a corresponding reduction in the temperature of the contents of the hot well ; but experience has shown that the gain in economy by the improved vacuum is more than counterbalanced by the reduced temperature of the feed to the boilers, and that a given vacuum of about 27 in. warrants maximnin economy in all eases (as is usual) where the water of riiu11enwutiDu in the hot well is pumped back into the hollers.
Whether's Surface-Condenser (Fig. 3).—In this condenser the exhaust steam from the engine entering by the nozzle A. comes first in contact with the perforated scattering-plate O. The steam expanding in the top of the condenser, reduces its pressure and temperature before it comes in contact with the cold tubes. The water of condensation gravitates to the bottom, and passes out by the nozzle B to the air-pump. The cooling water is pumped into the coin paftment F through the nozzle C, and enters the small tubes as shown by the arrows. After the small tubes, it returns through the annular spaces between the small and large tubes, and enters into compartment G ; thance it passes into compartment II by the passage way E. The water then circulates through the tubes of the upper section (in the same manner as described above), and finally passes out of condenser by the discharge-nozzle D. The lower part of the engraving shows one of the small and large tubes in section. The small tube _if is expanded into the screw-head N, which latter screws into the head K. This small tube ends within a few inches of the cap G of the large tube L, thereby giving space for the water to reverse its direction before flowing back through the annular space between the two tubes. The end of the large tube that screws into the head J is drawn thick, so that
coarse deep threads and a screw-driver slot can be cut; this latter is similar to the slot shown in rilr, which admits a tool for screwing up or unscrewing tubes from the tube-heads. When necessary to remove the tubes for cleaning or repairs, both small and large tubes can be drawn out from the same end of the condenser. After removing the small tube the large tube is unscrewed and drawn through the hole left vacant by the screw head of the small tube—this hole being a little larger than the thick end of the large tube.
The Worthington ••bulependent Condenser" (Fig. 4) is a condensing apparatus consisting of a combination of a duplex pump with an inject or-condenser. The illnstration shows the general construction of the parts. A is the vapor-opening, to which is connected the pipe that con ducts to the apparatus the steam or vapor that is to be condensed. and in which a vacuum is to be made and maintained. The injeetion-water used to produce the condensation of the steam or vapor is conveyed by a pipe attached to the injection-openino. at B. Over the end of the spray pipe C is placed a cone provided with wings that separate and distribute the water, and insure its complete admixture with the steam. This cone is adjustable.
The operation of the condensing apparatus is as follows: Steam being admitted to the cylinders K so as to set the pump in motion, a vacuum is formed in the condenser, the engine, cylinder, the connecting exhaust-pipe, and the injection-pipe. This causes the injection water to enter through the injection-pipe attached at B and spray-pipe C into the condenser-cone E The main engine being then started. the exhaust steam enters through the ex- • haust-pipe at A, and. coming in contact with the cold water, is rapidly condensed. The velocity of the steam is communicated to the water, and the whole passes through the cone F into the pump G at a high velocity, carrying with it. in a thorough ly commingled condition, all the , air or uncondensable vapor which enters the condenser with the steam. The mingled air and water arc discharged by the pump through the valves and pipe at J, before time or space has been allowed to occur. Converter: see dills. Silver, and Steel Manufacture.
Copper Steel: see Alloys, Corliss Engine : see Engines, Steam.
Corn Harvester: see Harvesting Machines. Grain. Planter: see Seeders and Drills. Cornish Rolls: see Ore-Crushing Machines.
Cotton Belts: see Belts. Cotton Drills: see Seeders and Drills. Cotton-Picker: see Harvester. Cotton. Cotton Planter: see Seeders and Drills. Cotton-Press; see Presses, Hay and Cotton.