Capitalizing all these gains at ten times the annual saving, and omitting the minor advantages, the advantage to the community by the introduction of tho rapidly running spindles is shown by the following figures: Saving of machinery . $16,000,000 Saving of power 12,000,000 Saving of labor. 22,000,000 Making a total of. 450,000,000 This is not all. The 3.000,000 Sawyer spindles trill all, or nearly :dl, be changed to Rubbed], while the remaining common and other inferior types of spindles must also be supplanted by the new types, and the gains from these changes, on the basis above stated, will be in time proportion above shown. Still again, the hundreds of thousands of new spin dles per annum required by the growth of the country are substantially all of the Rabbet h type. By making similar calculations to t hose above, the future value of these inventions to the public may he calculated in the stone was'.
So far, we have only considered the advan tage for this country. The Rabbeth spindle, in some of its varieties, is the only rine.-spin ille now built abroad, and it has already gone into use there to the number of several mill ions. There is no doubt that the advantage to the human race front the invention and introduction of these improvements in spindles has been, from 1871 to date, more than 4100.000,000, and that it will go on as their use increases. All the modern spindles now in use are under the control of the Sawyer Spindle Co., whose agents are the firm of George Draper & Sons, Hopedale, Mass.
The other parts of the frame have also undergone considerable change. It has been found that with the high speeds the yarn is more liable to balloon out and whip together than be fore, and it has been found nec essary to interpose a blade arator, as it is called, between the spindles to prevent ends breaking from this cause, There are several types on the market. but the original, the "Doyle" (Fig. 10), has received the most extensive introduction, 4.000,000 having, been applied. This sepa rator consists of a series of metal blades attached to two rods run Ding, parallel with the frame and hinged to supports on the roller beam. As the ring-rail rises it tips the blades back out of the way, in which position they are also placed for doffing. There are many attachments to these separators to lift them without the ring- rail, to automatically raise them when ready to doff, etc. All the successful separa tors have the feature of with drawing when the ring-rail is near the top. The rings now used are the double adjustable type, introduced by George Draper & Sons over twenty years ago. It has been found that by burnishing rings they will start up better iffid wear out less trav elers. The use of hinges on the thread-boards, so that a whole side may be tipped out of the way for doffing by one motion, is being used the last few years universally on new frames. There are numerous designs of lifters and catches, about equally good. In the frames proper, greater care and attention to detail has improved the designs materially. The use of cut-gea-ring is now insisted upon. The chief diffi culty with a frame is to get it perfectly fitted together and set up, so that there will be no cramping and the spindles will come vertical. The :mason ma chine Works, in their new frame (Fig. 11), use adjustable legs and cross bars, whieli tend to over come this trouble in the most sensible way. The greatest source of trouble in running a frame is with the banding. Loose bands cause slack - twisted yarn, that makes havoc in the next pro cesses if not discovered, and tight banding consumes power enor mously and wears out the spin dles. There are numerous ten sion devices to even the band tension, but t he simplest and hest way to regulate this evil is by using an invention that is ap plied to what is known as the Weeks banding-inachine, makes the spinille-Ilande. The device referred to is a marker which marks all the bands at the proper let li, so that one is put on it may be tied up to the mark, and all will come uniform and correct. An annoyance of some magnitude in the spinning-room is caused by
lint accumulating on the lifting-rods, causing them to stick and spoil whole sets of bobbins. The Whitin Machine Co. inclose their rods in a tube, which effectually prevents this difticulty. The Shaw fi Flinn lifting-rod cleaner is another device for the same purpose. As has been stated before, the use of the spinning-frame for filling yarn has been increasing rapidly, and while it has not seemed policy to throw out mules before they were worn out in order to adopt frames, the new mills are to a large extent adopting frame-filling on coarse and medi um numbers. The evener of Mr. George limper, described by us ten years ago, is largely responsible for this change in public opinion, as by the aggressive introduction of this im provement the help have been educated to roe filling-frames, The great improvements in frames have had their effect by spurring the mule-builders to greater efforts. Mules have undergone considerable change, the advantage gained being higher speed and saving in power. The Mason (Fig. 12) may be taken as the leading Ameri can mule, and the late improvements upon it. ire as follows: An adjustable momentum-b•ake to check the speed of spindles quickly, instead of allowing it to diminish gr:aduall• at the end of every stretch, before the direction of the spindles is reversed for the backing-off operation. By this means a perceptible saving of time is effected at every stretch or draw made by the mirk. An improved nosing-motion was also applied to more fully assist the wind-motion to adapt itself to the taper of the spindle, and so prevent the winding on of kinks, when the diminishing diameter of the spindle wonid otherwise have caused it to fail to take up the yarn sufficiently fast. for that purpose. An improved backing off motion, applied for the purpose of giving a greeter range to that particular function of the mule. rendering it possible to back off with equal facility and exactness cops of all sizes and degrees of fineness. A power-doting motion, to enable the duffing-hands to work the carriage and fallers which guide the yarn, without having to pull the driving-belt by hand, or to kayo the front of the mule. A simplified form of chain and chain-gear, for the purpose of drawing the carriage in and out. The flexible spindle-bolster. which rendered possible a much higher speed, and has proved of great value, like the high speed frame-spindles. A new belt-shifting mechanism. which makes a gain in production of over 5 per cent by extra quickness. The 1890 mule, which is a combination of the hest ideas in the English mules, with the improved features of the American, as above noted. The Eng lish features copied were the continuous cylinder and faller-rod connections, which runs in one direct line through the whole length. This necessitated a complete transformation in the driving-in and winding mechanism. It will he noticed that in this class of machinery there is of push and improvement. The Lowell Machine Shop also hes a new mule for which great saving in power is claimed. Speed And production are equal to the best English The " Parr-Curtis," represented by Messrs. E. A. Leigh & Co., is an excellent representative English multi, nod has many new advantages. Its chief feature is the method of driving the drawing-up motion. and t he changes, which are worked by a helical spring instead of the CM :that, thus aiSpVIISillg with the The drawing-up and backing-oil motion are driven direct by means of an endless band from a grooved pulley, rigid upon the loose pulley of the rim-shaft, the lanai also passing round a tightening pulley to take up the slack. The speed of the backing-off motion can I hoe he conveniently altered by changing the grooved pulley without altering the speed of the drawing-up. The American builders or the Parr-Curtis Mrile are the Savo Water-Power Hatilline Shop. Other builders have followed the general trend toward more spindles and higher speeds.