ordinary spooler consists practically of bobbin-holders, guides, and spindles. Although the Wade holder (Fig. 13) is old, it has been improved in detail and mode of appli cation. There are many new spooler-guides on the market, but the Northrop (Fig. 14), intro duced by George Draper & Sons, who also introduced the Wade holder, is practically control ling the field at the present day. This guide is adjustable on a round rod, over which the yarn runs, and the slit is adjustable in width for different numbers of yarn. It is extremely simple. Some spoolers are being made with a traveling-belt through the center, to carry away the empty bobbins. George Draper & Sons introduced experimentally a most ingenious idea, consisting in a knot-tyer for each spindle that tied knots automatically. One of the. great in weaving arises from the long ends of these knots tangling the warp. The auto matic tyer cut these ends short and avoided this trouble. Drum-spoolers are still used, though in inferior numbers, and have been improved to quite an extent. Stop-motions for doubling spoolers of many kinds are being experimented with. The Hopedale Machine Co.'s spooler is represented in Fig. 15, Warping.—The ordinary warper has undergone but little change in the last few years. The rising roll and the Walmsley stop-motion are used more extensively than ever. Improve ments in details of creels, combs, etc., are hardly of enough importance to chronicle as em bodying new principles. There is, however, a branch of warping that has received considera ble attention. and that is the production of chain-warps to be linked or wound on balls. The great change of custom in the processes of dyeing have brought about the use of these ma (Alines, the old fashion of dyeing from skeins being entirely changed. The process of chain warping. making, a chain direct from the spools and linking it ant omatically, was the first innovation. The Walcott warper came into use for this purpose, and as chains of 1,000 yards were most commonly used, containing from 500 ends upward, it was admirably adapted for the purpose. The Henn warper also was used, especially where 2,000 ends or more were run into a chain. Of late, however, the long-ehain system is far in advance, on account of the greater cheapness in handlnig and dyeing. For these the Hopedale warper, with the Straw leasing-mot ion, and Clarke balling-machine (Fig. 10), is unequaled. In these, long chains from 350 to 500 ends are run.
The operation of this balling-maehine is very simple: The ends are taken from spools in it creel through the regular slasher-warp-r to the front comb, in place of which is a Straw leasing-mot ion ; after passing through t his the ends are brought together in t he trumpet. and parried over the pulley as a chain and back to a trumpet which traverses the length of the ball back and forth, on the same principle as the card-grinder, The chain is carried diago nally round a shaft which limns the center of the ball, and rests against the cylinder of the warper, being held by weight.
.Many iimwoventents have been made in this machine since its introduction, and it is now mind] easier handled and attended.
twisters the same radical change has taken place as in frames—that is, higher speed, by introduction of the modern type of spindle. The Sherman form of the Rabbeth type has been most extensively introduced, and, although they are of necessity much larger and heavier than spinning-spindles, the same principles seem to apply with equally good results. The Hopedale Machine Co. was the first to equip twisters with improved spindles, as they started with the Sawyer. Their machine (Fig. 17) is a good illustration of steady improvement. It is very heavily built and most conveniently arranged for changing twist. Besides the spindles, they are lately introducing a marked improvement, in the form of a stop-motion, the simplicity of which can not but commend itself. Other stop-motions in • I use are of such a complicated nature that their introduction has been extremely limited. This one is applied where a single bottom and top roll are used, the top roll having bearings on an inclined track so arranged that if the thread breaks between the spindle and the roll, the roll will run down the track and stop the delivery, preventing roll waste and damage resulting from winding on the lower roll. With two-ply yarn it will act if either strand breaks back of the roll. They also have a new ring-rail for wet twisting, which is made of a strip of rolled brass having flanges so arranged that the rail is reversible.
_Reeling, Quihmu,g, ete.—Very little change is noted in reels and quillers of the usual sort, but a new class has arisen, first introduced by Mr. Straw, of the Amoskeag Co., who invented a machine for quilling from a chain. This is used on colored work, and does away with the cus torn of reeling and quilling in the old way. The Whitin Machine Co. have introduced a chain quilling machine (Fig.18) having novel features. The chain of yarn that conies to the machine from the dry cans is placed on a turn-table and passed over friction-drums the same as in ordi nary chitin-beaming, and is then wound upon bobbins in this machine. The arrangement of the spindles allows a very compact machine to do a large amount of work. Lapped ends can not be made, consequently bobbins will weave from start to finish without break of yarn. There is no friction device, therefore the color is ]eft clean and bright on the yarn—a marked advantage.
The above practically covers the whole field of ordinary cotton manufacturing up to the process of weaving. Of course, for special instances, special machinery has to he invented, but its interest is of a local character. There is no doubt. but that the industry of cotton manufacturing has advanced materially in the last ten years, and more by improved machinery than in any other way.