A Contrivance For Preventing
A Contrivance For Preventing The Displacement Of Drain-pipes In The Kiln. The Contrivance Shown In Figs. 153 To 157 Is The Invention Of Mr. John Murtagh, Of Boston, Mass., And Is For Holding Or Binding The Upper Course Of Pipes During The Process Of Burn Ing, And The Application Of ...
A Flue Orhot Floor
A " Flue " Or " Hot-floor " Dryer Brickmakers Who Want Dryers And Do Not Feel Able To Build Those Equipped With Pallets, Cars, Tunnels, Tracks, Etc., Can Construct A " Flue " Or " Hot-floor " Dryer With Less Outlay For Ma Terial And Labor Than For Any ...
A Terra Cotta Factory
A Terra-cotta Factory. The Departments Or Divisions Of The Work In A Terra Cotta Factory Seem To Indicate A Five-storied Building As The Most Convenient For The Purpose, The Divisions Being As Follows : The Basement Or First Story For The Milling And Storage Of The Prepared Clays And For ...
Annealing
Annealing. "toughness Is One Of The Essential Characteristics Of A Good Paving Brick. It Rests Very Largely With The Burner Whether Or Not The Brick From His Kilns Are Tough Or Brittle, True, The Proper Kind Of Clay Must Be Used, For It Is Not To Be Asked Of The ...
Bond Clay
Bond Clay. The Problem Of Making A Refractory Brick From Native Clays Is Based Upon The Fact That "the Purer The Clay The More In Fusible." Our Purest Clays Are Flint-clays, Which Are Probably Refractory By Reason Of Their Structure As Well As Their Compo Sition. These Then Make An ...
Bucyrus Dryer
Bucyrus Dryer. Until A Few Years Ago, The Greater Portion Of All Brick Were Dried In The Open Air. One Of The Difficult Problems For Solution By Brickmakers Has Been The Successful Drying Of Brick And Other Clay Products. The Hot-floor, Heated By Coal Fires, Was The First Artificial Dryer ...
Building Brick Clays
Building Brick Clays. Brick-makers Divide Clays Into Three Classes ; First. Plastic Or Strong Clays, Which Are Chiefly A Silicate Of Alumina, Which Are By The Workmen Called " Foul Clays ; " A More Fitting Name, And One By Which They Are Also Called, Is " Pure Clay." Second. ...
Burned Clay As Roofing
Burned Clay As Roofing Material.* Under The Head Of Burned Clay As A Roofing Material, The Word Tile Expresses The Material It Is Made Of, How It Is Made, And Its Uses. "the Century Dictionary" Defines The Word Tile As A Thin Slab Of Baked Clay Used For Covering The ...
Burning
Burning. The Muffle Terra-cotta Kilns, As Used By The New Jersey Com Panies, Are Extremely Simple In Their Construction, Of Which Fig. 188 Gives A Correct Elevation ; See Also Frontispiece. The Kilns Are Up-draft In Principle, And Provided With Short High Furnaces Arranged For Anthracite Coal As Fuel. There ...
Burning
Burning. The High Price Of Wood In And Near Large Cities Makes It As A Rule Entirely Out Of The Question To Use It Generally For Burning Brick In Such Localities. The Process Of Burning By Coal Is The One That We Shall De Scribe ; The Principle Is The ...
Burning Brick
Burning Brick. In Chapter Iii. We Have Already Described The Method Of Burn Ing Hand-made Brick, And As That Method Is Analogous To The Process Employed In The Burning Of Tempered-clay Machine Made Brick, No Special Description Is Therefore Necessary. We Shall, Consequently, In The Present Instance, Confine Our Selves ...
Burning Brick With Natural
Burning Brick With Natural Gas.* The Process Of Burning With Gas Is Less Simple Than That Of Drying, And To Be Successfully Accomplished Requires A Slight Knowledge Of The Nature Of Natural Gas, Its Action During Com Bustion And The Appearance Of The Brick Whilst Hot. The Pre Dominant Element ...
Burning Drain T1le
Burning Drain-t1le. In The Burning Of Drain-tile, As In The Burning Of Sewer-pipe, It Is Essential That The Tile Should Be Thoroughly Dry ; The Drier The Tile The Better The Success To Be Attained. The Time, Fuel, And Other Items Of Cost, Which Have To Be Expended For The ...
Burning Drain Tile With Natural
Burning Drain-tile With Natural Gas. The Burning Of Drain-tile With Natural Gas Is About The Same As The Process Of Burning With Wood Or Coal, The Main Differ Ence Being In The Proper Regulation Of The Draft, And The Draft Required To Obtain The Best Results Can Only Be Learned ...
Burning Pressed Brick
Burning Pressed Brick. " When We Come To The Final And Most Important Part Of Manufacture, Which Is When The Properly-dried And Pressed Brick Go To The Kiln To Be Burnt, That Is Where A Brick-maker, And Especially One Engaged In The Manufacture Of Pressed Brick, Has Most Of His ...
Calcine Kiln
Calcine Kiln. The Quantity Of " Chamotte " Or Calcine Required In A Fire Brick Works Depends Largely On The Nature Of The Clay In Use And The Proportion Of Tiles And Blocks Made. If The Supply Of Calcine Required Is Of A Limited Character, Lumps Of Raw Clay May ...
Carbon Firebrick For Furnaces
Carbon Firebrick For Furnaces. For The Preparation Of These Brick, Coke Is Ground And Sifted And Intimately Mixed With About Twenty Per Cent. Of Tar, The Mixing Being Under Certain Conditions Effected In A Somewhat Warm State. The Extraordinarily Plastic Mass Is Then Stamped In Thin Layers Into Sheet-iron Boxes, ...
Cars Used In Handling
Cars Used In Handling Brick For Setting. In All Works Producing Brick In Large Quantities By Ma Chinery, It Is Much Cheaper In The End To Place The Brick Directly Upon Cars And Carry Them To Suitably Constructed Dry Ers, From Whence They Are Carried To The Kiln To Be ...
Caufomni
Caufomni'. In All The Large Tile-works, All The Operations Of Manufacture Are Conducted Under Shelter, And A Great Variety Of Articles Are Produced, Of Which The Following List Is But A Part: Chimney-pots, Circulars For Setting Furnaces, Etc., Column Brick For Forming Columns, Drain-pipes, Drain-tiles, Fire-brick, Garden-pots, Hip-tiles, Oven-tiles, Paving-tiles, ...
Chambers Brick Machine Among
Chambers Brick Machine. Among The Many Efforts Made To Perform By Machinery The Among The Many Efforts Made To Perform By Machinery The Various Manipulations Of Brick-making, The Inventions Of Cyrus Chambers, Jr., Of Philadelphia, Pa., Stand Conspicuous As Suc Cessful Machines For The Purpose Designed. Recognizing That A Thoroughly ...
Clay Crushers
Clay Crushers. Fig. 21 Illustrates The No. I Two Roll Crusher Built By The Frey-sheckler Co., Which Is Made For Exceedingly Stony Clays. The Frame Is Cast In One Piece And The Boxes Have Heavy Rubber Springs Behind Them. The Rollers, 16 Inches Diameter And 24 Inches Long, Are Made ...
Composition Of D1nas Clay
Composition Of D1nas " Clay." Silica 98.31 .96.73 Alumina 0.72 Protoxide Of Iron 0.18 0.48 Lime 0.22 0.19 Potash And Soda 0.14 0.20 Water Combined 0.35 0.50 99.49 These Analyses Were Made By Prof. W. Weston. No. I Was Rock Of Medium Hardness, Which Was Obtained Near Point Neath Vaughan, ...
Continuous Kilns
Continuous Kilns. The Principle Of The Continuous Kiln Is (i) To Use The Heat Contained In The Ready-burnt Brick For Heating The Atmospheric Air Supporting The Combustion, And (2) To Use The Heat Passing Away From The Fire For Heating The Green Brick Yet To Be Burned. The First Attempt ...
Conveying And Grinding Clay
Conveying And Grinding Clay. Shale Clays Are Commonly Mined By Blasting, And The Plastic Clays By Digging Or " Throwing " The Face Of The Bank, Which Gives A Good Mixture, And After A Sufficient Quantity Of The Material Is Secured, It Is Automatically Let Down An Inclined Plane In ...
Cooling
Cooling. The Kiln Must Be Allowed To Cool Very Gradually ; No Aid Should Be Given To The Cooling Process By Opening Doors Or In Making Any Channels Through Which The Air On The Outside Of The Kiln Can Enter It. The Chimney Must Be Depended Upon To Cool The ...
Cost Of Fuel 1881
Cost Of Fuel. " 1881, Number Of Brick Burnt Per Ton Of Coal, 4,113 ; Cost Of Fuel Per 1,000 Brick, $1.03 ; Price Of Coal Per Ton Delivered, $4.25. " 1882, Number Of Brick Burnt Per Ton Of Coal, 4,280; Cost Of Fuel Per 1,000 Brick, $.97 ; Price ...
Cupola Lining Brick
Cupola Lining Brick. The Severe Service To Which The Linings Of Blast-furnaces Are Now Subjected, Makes It Essential In A Good Lining Not Only To Be Hard Friction, But "highly Refractory" As Well. Years Ago Any Brick That Met The First Condition Was Acceptable ; But With The Practice Of ...
Dodds Carrier For Horizontal
Dodd's Carrier For Horizontal Tile Machine. The Dodd Carrier Is Shown In Figs. 163 To 165, And By Its Use Tile Of Different Diameters May Be Carried By The Same Set Of Supporting Bars, Instead Of Being Compelled To Change The Bars For Others Having A Concavity Formed To Suit ...
Drain Tile
Drain Tile For Agricultural Underground Drains Are Usually Circular, And Measure From In. To 12 In. In Diameter And One Foot In Length. The Following Table Gives The Prices As F. 0. B., At Factory Say In Central Ohio, No Allowance Being Made For Breakage : Over 12 In. In ...
Drain Tile Itsmanufacture
Drain Tile : Its Manufacture And Use.* The Subject Assigned Me May Be Considered By Some As For Eign To The Line Of Thought Laid Out By The Convention Proper, But As Many Of Us Are Acting In A Dual Capacity, Tile Makers And Brickmakers, And To Others Perhaps Who ...
Dry Clay Brick Machines
Dry-clay Brick Machines. There Has Been Unquestionably A Great Advance In Recent Years In Dry-press Machines. Those That Pressed The Clay From One Side Only Are Now Universally Condemned, As It Left The Side Of The Brick Furthest Away From The Pressure Soft And Without Strength. There Is No Doubt, ...
Dry Clay Pulverizers
Dry-clay Pulverizers. The Machinery For Pulverizing Is A Matter Largely Determined By The Nature Of The Clay To Be Handled. As A General Thing, If The Clay Is Reasonably Free From Stone, A Dry Pan Crusher Is The Best, Although By No Means The Cheapest. The Pan Having A Perforated ...
Drying
Drying. The Brick Generally Remain Upon The Drying Floor For About Twenty-four Hours, That Is, In Good Drying Weather. The First Step In The Drying Of Hand-made Brick Is To Turn Those Upon Edge That Were Made The Day Previous ; If There Are No Indications Of Rain, The Brick ...
Drying Brick With Exhaust
Drying Brick With Exhaust Steam From The Engine. In Whatever System Of Steam Drying Is Employed, It Is Essen Tial That The Pipes Should Be Of Ample Size, And That The Bends And Turns In The Pipes Be As Few As Possible, In Order To Obviate As Much As Can ...
Drying By The Pallet
Drying By The Pallet System. In Drying Brick By The Pallet System Various Methods Are Employed. An Economical And Satisfactory System Of Drying By This Method Consists In Delivering The Brick After Being Hand-moulded Directly From The Mould On To A Pallet Made Of Plastering Lath 32x11 Inches In Size, ...
Drying The Brick
Drying The Brick. The Different Methods Of Drying Brick May Be Classed As Fol Lows : First, When Brick Are Spread Out On The Ground To Be Dried By Sunshine. Second, The Shed System, Where Stiff-mud Brick Are Hacked Under Sheds And Dried By Natural Air-currents ; Soft-mud Bricks Are ...
Drying_2
Drying. If The Brick Are To Be Dried In The Open Air, The Nature Of The Clay Should Be Studied So That The Current Of Air Admitted To The Drying Apartment Will Not Be Sufficient To Crack, Warp, Or In Other Way Injure The Green Brick. If The Brick Are ...
Enameling Slate Waste Brick
Enameling Slate Waste Brick. Some Ten Years Ago, When First The Manufacture Of Brick And Tiles From Slate Waste Commenced In North Wales, The White-glazed Brick Was Successfully Produced By The Following Process And Recipes : The Process Is Called The Biscuit-brick Process—that Is, The Firing Of The Brick Only ...
Etc Glazing Of Roofing
Glazing Of Roofing Tiles, Etc.* Most Varieties Of Clay, Particularly Those Which Burn Red, Permit, Even When Thoroughly Burnt, The Percolation Of More Or Less Water. Hence, It Is Frequently Observed, That New Roof Ing Tile, Especially When Not Previously Soaked, Permit The Rain To Pass Through To Such An ...
Explanations
Explanations. The 2 Glazes Given Are Both Transparent, That Is To Say, Will Show Through Any Color, But To Avoid Being Out It Is Best To Add A Little Of Each Color To The Glaze, When Dipping Colors, Say Ounce Of Color To Every Pint Of Glaze ; Of Course ...
Feldspars Building Brick Clays
Building Brick Clays ; Hudson River Clays ; Paving Brick Clays ; Clays ; Method Of Analysis For Fire-clays, Feldspars, Kaolin, And Fire Sands ; Terra-cotta Clays ; Kaolin Or China Clay. Under The General Term Clay Many Varieties Are Included Under The General Term Clay Many Varieties Are Included ...
Feldspars Method Of Analysis
Method Of Analysis For Fire-clays, Feldspars, Kaolin, And Fire-sands. The Method Of Chemical Analysis Adopted And Pursued In The Examinations Of The Fire-clays, Feldspars, Kaolins, And Fire-sands, Which Are Given On Pages 70-76 Was As Follows : One Gramme Of The Air-dried Pulverized Material Was Digested In Sulphuric And Hydrofluoric ...
Fire Brick Manufacture
Fire-brick Manufacture See Fire-clays, Under Head Of Clay In Chapter Ii. The Details Of Manufacture And The Equipment Of Plants For The Pro Duction Of Fire-brick Vary With Circumstances And The Kind And Variety Of Brick To Be Made, Which May Range From The Smallest Nine-inch Shape, Weighing Three Pounds, ...
Fire Brick Works And Their
Fire-brick Works And Their Construction. The Arrangement Or Plan Upon Which A Fire-brick Works Should Be Built Is Of The First Importance. Any Person Con Versant With The Business Will Notice In Traveling Through The Different Parts Of The Country And Inspecting The Various Plants, The Varied Styles Adopted, And ...
Fire Clays
Fire-clays. Clays Are Termed Fire-clays Or Refractory Clays, When They Re Sist Exposure To A High Temperature Without Melting Or Becom Ing In A Sensible Degree Soft And Pasty. These Clays Differ Much In Degree Of Refractory Quality. They Occur In Various Geological Formations, Old As Well As Recent ; ...
Firing
Firing. The Steaming Or Water Smoking Ofenamel Brick Should Re Ceive The Closest Attention, As, Without Great Care Being Exer Cised, It Is Possible At This Stage Of The Work To Ruin An Entire Kiln Of Brick. While The Enamel Brick Are On The Smooth Boards In The Drying Room ...
Gas Rftorts
Gas Rftorts. Fire-clay Gas Retorts Have Almost Entirely Replaced The Old Form Of Iron Retorts, As They Possess When Properly Made The Ex Cellent Advantage Of Neither Expanding Nor Contracting Upon Being Heated And Cooled. In Figs. 13o To 135 Are Illustrated The Various Forms Of Gas Re Torts In ...
Glass Pots
Glass Pots. The Practical Success Of The Tank System " Of Glass Manu Facture Has Not As Yet Curtailed The Demand For Glass Melting Pots. These Pots Are Composed Of Clay, Which Is Required To Be As Free As Possible From Lime And Iron. A Clay Obtained From The Carboniferous ...
Glazes For Roofing Tiles
Glazes For Roofing-tiles. * Roofing-tiles Are, As A Rule, Only Glazed When It Is Expected To Impart To Them Thereby Greater Resistance To The Weather, Or To Produce Certain Decorative Effects. Hence Dark Glazes Are Frequently Demanded, If Only For The Reason That, As Regards Roofing-tiles, We Have Generally To ...
Hudson River Brick Clays
Hudson River Brick Clays. The Deposits Of Brick Clay Extend Along Both Sides Of The Hudson River More Or Less Continuously From Sing Sing To Al Bany, N. Y. There Are Isolated Patches Below The Former Locality But They Are Not Of Any Great Extent. There Are Two Narrow Portions ...
Imitation Inlaid Or Intarsia
Imitation Inlaid Or Intarsia Surfaces. The Invention Shown In Figs. 259 To 261 Relates To The Pro Duction, As Distinctve Articles Of Manufacture, Of Tiles, Table Tops, Wainscoting, Panels, Work-boxes, Articles Of Furniture Of All Kinds, And Fancy Or Ornamental Articles Generally. A Mould Or Matrix Is First Prepared, Of ...
Important Properties Of Fire Clays
Important Properties Of Fire-clays. The Compositions Of Fire-clays Differ Very Materially, As Is Shown By The Results Of The Various Analyses Which Have Been Previously Given. The Refractory Power Of All Fire-clay Wares Is Greatly En Hanced At Very High Temperatures By The Presence Of A Large Per Cent. Of ...
Improved Brick Drying Shed
Improved Brick-drying Shed. The Improved Brick-drying Shed, Shown In Figs. 32 To 44, Can Be Used For Drying Either Wet Machine-made Or Hand-made Brick. Fig. 32 Is An End Elevation Partly In Section. Fig. 33 Is A Plan Of A Brick-board. Fig. 34 Is A Plan View Of A Part ...