BLACKS : (1) Fast Black (for 110 lb. cotton yarn or cotton wool).—Solid extract of logwood, lb.; catechu, 5 lb. 10 oz. Boil up together. Boil the yarn in the decoction for 1 hour, steep in the cold liquid for 24 hours ; raise to a boil again ; lift, and air overnight.
Dissolve in sufficient fresh water, 241- oz. chromate of potash, and the same weight of blue vitriol, and work the cotton in this for n hour. Lift, drain, and dissolve 21 lb. soda ash in the cold logwood liquor. Heat to 87° (139° F.), re-enter the cotton, work for 15 minutes, and rinse. This colour bears washing and milling, and does not smear whites.
(2) Aniline Black (for 100 lb.).—Mix 6 lb. 9 oz. aniline oil with 8 lb. 12 oz. hydrochloric (muriatic) acid at Tw. Let cool, and add solution of 4 lb. 6 oz. chlorate of potash in 66 parts water, and finally add pints of a solution of chloride of iron at 32° Tw. Steep the bleached yarn for 8-10 hours in the liquid, which must previously be diluted with water at about 38° (100° F.); take out, and place it in a solution of soda at 23° Tw., to neutralize the excess of acid. Wash, and steep for hour in a beck, made up with 66 pints of water and 7 oz. chromate of potash at about 45° (112° F.). This treatment prevents the dye from subsequently turning green. Wash, and pass the yarn through a mixture of 174 oz. emulsive oil (such as is used by Turkey-red dyers), 2 lb. 3 oz. potash, and 66 pints water. Dry at once.
(3) Aniline Black for Cotton Yarns (De Vinant's process).—The cotton yarn, well boiled out, receives 7 torus in a beck, made up with 7 oz. sulphate of copper for every 2 lb. 3 oz. of yarn, dis solved in water slightly soured with muriatic acid ; it is then well wrung out. It next receives 5 turns in water at 50° (122° F.) containing 11 oz. sulphide of sodium per 35 11. oz. of liquid, and is again rinsed. It then has 7 turns in a beck of 17i pints water, si oz. of chlorate of potash, and 5'k oz. sal-ammoniac, all dissolved by the aid of heat, and mixed with 161 oz. muriate of aniline. It
is then stretched out very regularly in a drying-room, and kept for 48 hours at 25' (76° F.). Lastly, it receives 4 turns in water containing 14 gr. biohromate of potash per litre, at 30° (86° F.), and is then well washed, and dried. If the black has a foxy tone, take through 87 qts. of cold water, to which has been added 35 fl. oz. bleaching-liquor at 8° Tw. Without great care, the blacks produced by this process are cloudy.
(1) Aniline Black with Vanadium (Pinekncy's patent).—Take muriate of aniline, 150 parts ; salt of vanadium, part ; chloride of nickel, 20 parte ; chlorate of potash, 100 parts; water, 2500 parte. The yarns may be steeped in a mixture of these substances, and may be died either hot or cold. In subsequent practice, the chloride of nickel has been found unnecessary, and the salt of vanadium admits of a great reduction in quantity.
(5) Aniline Black.—Scour well, and for each 1 lb. of cotton yarn, take 3-1 oz. sulphate of copper, dissolved in water made very feebly acid with spirits of salt (muriatio acid). Give 7 turns, and wring moll. Dissolve lb. hydrosulphide of soda per gal. of water, at 49° (120° F.), give 5 turns, and wash well. Dye cold in chlorate of potash, 3 oz. ; sal-ammoniac, 3 oz. ; muriate of aniline, lb. ; dissolved in sufficient water. Give 7 turns quickly, wring well, and beat. Hang up evenly at 25° (77° F.) for 48 hours, and raise to 29° (84° F.). Take through either bichromate, or weak soda lye ; wash well. If reddish when dry, take through very weak chloride of lime liquor.
(6) Feat Black (for 60 lb. yarn).—Take through indigo vat. Then boil 5 lb. logwood extract, and lf lb. blue vitriol ; steep yarns in this all night, and work in the morning, in 6 qts. nitrate of iron in sufficient cold water. Take through clear lime-water, and wring out. Boil 5 lb. logwood extract, lb. fuetic extract. Add this to sufficient hot water ; work yarn in this for hour ; ; add 2 lb. copperas ; work again, wash off, and dry.