Algeria.—Tobacco-growing is a very important industry in Algeria. The culture and manu facture are quite free, but the French Government buys all the best produce, for manufacture and sale by the State factory in Paris. The cultivation continues to increase, and is highly remunerative where the land is capable of irrigation. In 1876-7, the 1889 Europeans engaged in it cultivated 2471 hectares (of 2+ acres), and produced 2,782,500 kilo. ; the 8021 natives cultivated 4154 hectares, which yielded 1,889,124 kilo. The year 1877-8 was less favourable, and the area decreased by 425 hectares. Still worse results were expected in 1878-9, owing to scarcity of water. The kind most grown is called chebli. The produce per hectare of fine and chebli is estimated at 6-8 quintals ; the other kinds give 10-12. The exports in 1877 and 1878 respectively were as follows :—Manu factured, 121,090 kilo., and 124,117 kilo.; unmanufactured, 3,445,441 kilo. and 1,509,266 kilo. In 1879, 1087 Europeans planted 3180 hectares, and gathered 1,226,181 kilo.; 11,079 natives planted 6584 hectares, and produced 1,384,802 kilo, ; the exports were 2,481,218 kilo. unmanufactured, and 146,345 kilo. manufactured.
Anstralia•—Iu the year ending 31st March, 1879, New South Wales had 835 acres under tobacco, and the crop amounted to 1932 cwt. In the same year, Victoria cultivated 1936 acres, which yielded 15,662 cwt., valued at 43,853/. Queensland grew 36 acres of tobacco in 1879.
Austro-Hungary.—The manufacture and sale of tobacco is a Government monopoly in the Austro Hungarian Empire, and the revenue thus derived is the most lucrative item of the indirect income of the State. The only tobacco-growing provinces of Austria are Galicia and Bukowina, producing about 4 million kilo. from 2900 hectares; and S. Tyrol, where 290 hectares yield almost 4 million kilo. of green tobacco. The respective approximate values of the two products are 18i florin (of ls. llid.) and 44 florin per 100 kilo. The chief supplies are furnished by Hungary, which was once so noted for its tobacco, but the industry is now completely crippled by the fiscal regulations. The area (in acres) under cultivation fluctuates remarkably ; in 1860, it was 679+ ; in 1865, 68,141 ; in 1869, 843/; in 1875, 26,817; jn 1879, 7316. The total areas (in acres) under cultivation in the whole empire in 1876, 1877, and 1878 respectively were : 144,493, 148,126, 143,447 ; the yields in kilos.; 46,033,163, 44,164,038, 40,978,540; and the yield (in kilos.) per poi/ (of 1.43 acre) : 445, 426, 408. Fiume, in 1877, exported by sea 2862 cwt, of manufactured tobacco ; and by land, 31,200 cwt. of leaf, and 53,712 cwt. of manufactured. In 1879, it shipped 9900 kilo. of leaf tobacco direct to England.
Borneo,—Tobacco is grown in small quantities by the Dyaks and people of Bruni ; but they are unskilful in its manufacture, though the flavour of the product of Bruni is much esteemed by Europeans. Under skilful management, and by introducing a better kind if necessary, it might become as profitable to this island as it now is to the neighbouring ones of the Philippines, Java, &o.
Th,e Dyaks might be more readily induced to cultivate this plant, the nature of which they know, than plants which are strange to them.
Brazil.—In Brazil, tobacco is chiefly cultivated in the provinces of Bahia, Minas, Sao Paulo, and Para. The town of Purificacao, in Bahia, is the centre of an important district. The cultivation is increasing, and greater care is being taken in the preparation. The common up-country method is to pick the leaves from the stalks, dry them under the hut-roofs, remove the midribs, and spread them in superposed layers, amounting to 2-8 lb., for rolling together and binding with bark atrips. These rolls are bound very tightly with cord, and left for several daya, when the cord is replaced by strips of jacitdra, the aplit stem of a climbing palm (Desmoncus sp. div.), and have a stick-like form 1 in. in diameter. They are sold in mesas of 4-6 ft. iu length, but the tobacco is not con sidered good till it has fermented for 5-6 months, when it is hard and black, and ahaved off as required for pipes, cigarettes, and cigars, the last made with wrappera of tauari bark (Couratari guianensis). The Tapajos tobacco is considered the fineat in the Amazon valley. The export of tobacco from Bahia in 1877-8 was 17,272,678 kilo., and in 1878-9, 18,149,201 kilo., almoat the whole being to Germany. Santos, in 1878-9, shipped 381,310 kilo. Bahia senda away immense numbers of cigars coastwise. Maceio exported 4336/. worth in 1876, but none in 1879.
China.—The chief tobacco-growing provinces of China are Chihli, Hopih, Hoonan, Szechuen, and Shingking. The use of tobacco is wide-spread and common, and considerable local trade is carried on in it. The exports from Amoy were 2573 piculs (of 1334 lb.), value 13,561/., in 1877 ; and 39944 piculs, value 17,936/. in 1878. Wenchow exported 27/ piculs of leaf in 1878, and 3214 in 1879. The exporta and re-exports from Hankow in 1878 were 65,070/ piculs of leaf, and 46,241 of prepared. In 1879, Hankow exported and re-exported 63,180 piculs prepared, value 311,7541., and 58,094 of leaf, value 118,5341. There ia an immense aupply from the provinces, and the leaf is fine in colour, texture, and fragrance, but though aent to America and England for cigar-making, the trade has not been remunerative. It ia now used in cigarettes and various cut mixtures as " Turkish," but when better known, will be amoked on its owu merits. Canton exported 1730/ piculs in 1877, 17424 in 1878, and 2397 in 1879. The exports of leaf from Ningpo wore 407 piculs in 1874, 571 in 1875, 211 in 1876, 530 in 1877, 378 in 1878, and 165 in 1879. Kiungchow exported 4494 piculs of leaf in 1878; and 85} piculs, value 136/. in 1879. Kiukiang exported 28,120} piculs of leaf, value 35,678/., in 1878 ; and 14,659 of leaf, and 802 of stalk, in 1879.