If a dark-red design is to be covered by a lighter red, tie dark-red is first steamed for 1 hour. After printing the second colour, it is again steamed for 1 hour, and hung up for 24 hours.
The pieces are then taken through either of the two following baths :—(A) Water, 250 gal.; chalk, 60 lb. ; tin crystals, 3 lb. (B) Water, 250 gal. ; chalk, 40 lb.; arseniate of soda, 10 lb.
The bathe are heated to 50°-62° (122°-143° F.), and the passage lasts for 1-14 minute. Wash and rinse in the following soap becks, each warmer than the former, and prepared as follows (for ten pieces of about 50 yards each) :—First beck : Soap. 3 lb. ; tin crystals, lb.; heat, 50° (122° F.); time 4 hour. Second beck : soap, 3 lb.; heat, 75° (167° F.); time 4 hour. Third bock : soap, 3 lb. ; heat, 75°-80' F.); time, 4 hour. After each soap bath, the pieces are well washed.
The thickenings and mordants here mentioned, are prepared as follows :—Thickeniug for reds, No. 1.—Wheat starch, 12 lb.; water, 5 gal. ; acetic acid, Tw , 1 gal.; tragacanth solution (2 oz. per qt.), 24 gal. ; olive oil, which must be thoroughly incorporated with the mass, 3 lb. Stir till perfectly cold.
Thickening for red, No. 2.—Wheat starch, 12 lb. ; water, 44 gal. ; acetic acid, Tw., 44 gal.; olive oil, 3 lb.
Nitrate of Alumina Mordant.—Nitrate of lead, 20 lb.; alum, 20 lb. ; boiling water, 5 gal. Let the sulphate of lead settle, and draw off the clear. If the nitrate of alumina is used instead of the acetate, it causes the red to turn more to a scarlet ; but it requires the use of a little morn acetate of lime than acetate of alumina.
Acetate of Alumina Mordants.—Dissolve first 68 lb. alum in 100 gal. water, and precipitate by adding a solution of 62 lb. soda crystals in 150 gal. water. This precipitate. which is a basic sulphate of alumina, is washed three times by decantation. It is then thrown on a filter, let drain, and pressed. Of the paste thus obtained, 30 lb. are placed in 6 qt. acetic acid at 11.2° Tw., and heated to 32° (90° F.), till complete solution has taken place. It is then filtered, and diluted with
water to the strength required.
As a general rule, 100 parts alizarine paste at 15 per cent. require 30 parts acetate alumina at 17° Tw.
Acetate of Lime Mordant.—The solution of acetate of lime at 234° Tw. contains about 25 per cont. of the salt. For a neutral well-washed paste, at 15 per cent, about 15 per cent. of its weight of acetate of lime is used.
Alizsrine reds produced by printing, are never quite so beautiful as the corresponding shades obtained by dyeing upon mordants according to the madder style.
Violets: (1) Galleino Violet.—Paste Galleine, 35 qt.; gum water, 171 qt.; acetate of chromic' at 26f° Tw., 11 qt. Print and steam.
(2) Hofmann'e Violet.—Mix the dissolved and filtered colour with red liquor, and with a solution of arsenious acid in glycerine. Thicken with gum and starch. Steam for 1 hour, and soap gently.
(3) Aniline Violets.-4 oz. Hofmann's or Perkin's violet, 134 oz. hot alcohol. (There are now violets perfectly soluble in water). Dissolve, filter, and add immediately 14 oz. tannin, oz. oxalic sold. Let cool, and meantime mix 24 lb. thick gum water, 18 oz. water, 18 oz. acetic acid. Stir up well, and add to the above solution of colour. Print and steam.
(4) Or,-174 oz. pure tannin are dissolved in 15i pints gum water, and an amount of aniline violet is added according to the required shade. Print, steam, enter the pieces at 57°-82°(135°-180° F.) into a bath of tartar emetic, containing 4 oz. of this salt per 1 pint ; wash and dry. Or the pattern may be printed of with a thickened solution of tannin, hanging from oz. per lf pint for pale, to 44 oz. for full shades, steamed, and passed into a bath of tartar emetic. They are then well washed and dyed in the bath of aniline violet, raising the temperature gradually to a boil, which is kept up for 20 minutes. Wash, and soap slightly.
This process is applicable to various other aniline colours.
Yellow.—Berry liquor at 12° Tw., 4 gal.; alum, 14 lb.