The Age Of Walpole
The Age Of Walpole, 1714-1742 The First Phase: 1714-21.—the Peaceful Accession Of George I., Which To Tories Such As Swift And Atterbury Seemed A "mir Acle," Was Due To The Political Incapacity Of Bolingbroke, The Fine Organization Of The Whigs Who Were Ready When A Divided Tory Party Was Not, ...
The Church And Outside
The Church And Outside Problems Side By Side With The Increased Consciousness Of The Place Of Missionary Effort In The Life Of The Church Increasing Attention Has Also Been Given To Political, Social And Economic Problems. The Church Cannot Ignore The Challenge Of The Labour Party That It Represents The ...
The Church Of England
England, The Church Of. The Christian Church In England Existed As The Church Of The English People Long Before That People Became A United Nation; And Notwithstanding Changes Of Doctrine, Ritual And Organization, There Has Been No Real Breach Of Continuity From The 6th Century Onwards. In The Present Article ...
The Church Since
The Church Since 1890 The Beginning Of The Last Decade Of The 19th Century Was Marked By Two Factors Which Indicate The Lines Of Subsequent Development Within The Church Of England. These Were The Lincoln Judgment And The Publication Of Lux Mundi. The One Aided The Progress Of That Ritualistic ...
The Commonwealth 1649 1660
The Commonwealth-1649-1660 The King's Death Was Followed By The Abolition Of The Monarchy And The House Of Lords, And The Proclamation Of A Common Wealth. Executive Power Was Vested In A Council Of State. In Fact The Commonwealth Was Based Upon The Army, For The Bulk Of The Nation Held ...
The Confessor Edward
Edward, "the Confessor" (d. I066), So Called On Account Of His Reputation For Sanctity, King Of The English, Was The Son Of Aethelred Ii. (the Unready) And Emma, Daughter Of Richard, Duke Of Nor Mandy, And Was Born At Islip In Oxford Shire. On The Recognition Of Sweyn As King ...
The Disruption Of The
The Disruption Of The Empire; And Reform The War, 1775-83.—the War That Began At Lexington De Veloped Into A War Of Great Britain Against Half The World—the Bourbon Powers Of France And Spain, Holland, And "the Armed Neutrality Of The North" Formed By The Scandinavian States, Russia And Prussia, In ...
The Elder Edward
Edward, "the Elder" (d. 924), King Of The Angles And Saxons, Was The Second Son Of Alfred The Great, And With His Sister Aethelflaed Was Educated At The Court Of His Father. During His Father's Lifetime He Took An Active Part In The Campaigns Against The Danes, Especially In That ...
The Electrification Of Factories
The Electrification Of Factories Advantages Of Electrification.—in No Situation Have The Benefits Accruing From Industrial Electrification Been More Im Portant Than In The Factories, Where The Amelioration Of The Work Ing Conditions Has Been Able To Affect The Lives Of So Great A Portion Of The Population. Yet Through Lack ...
The Electron Theory
The Electron Theory The Modern Theory Is Called The Electron Theory And Was First Formulated By H. A. Lorentz, In 1892. It Has Since Been Devel Oped By H. A. Lorentz Himself And Many Other Physicists. H. A. Lorentz Assumed That There Is No Such Thing As Magnetism, But That ...
The Electron
Electron, The. One Of The Most Important Generaliza Tions Of All Time Is That Of The Electrical Constitution Of Matter, For This Conception Underlies Practically The Whole Of Loth Century Physics. It Is Customary To Consider That It Was Introduced During The Last Half Of The Last Decade Of The ...
The Empire Cotton Growing
Empire Cotton Growing Corporation, The. This Body Was Established In 1921 On The Recommendation The. This Body Was Established In 1921 On The Recommendation Of The Empire Cotton Growing Committee Of The Board Of Trade To Develop Fresh Cotton Fields Within The British Empire. It Is A Body Representative Both ...
The Encyclopjedia Britannica
The Encyclopjedia Britannica The Encyclopedia Britannica Or Dictionary Of Arts And Sciences, "by A Society Of Gentlemen In Scotland, Printed In Edin Burgh For A. Bell And C. Macfarquhar, And Sold By Colin Macfar Quhar At His Printing Office In Nicolson Street," Was Completed In 1771 In 3 Vol. 4t0, ...
The Establishment Of English
The Establishment Of English Unity From The Outset There Was One Powerful Factor Making For Unity. The Angles, Saxons, And Jutes May Have Been Distinct In Origin, But There Can Be No Doubt Of Their Close Relationship. No Fundamental Differences Separate The Culture Of Angles And Saxons, And The Superior ...
The Fair C Edwy
Edwy (eadwig), "the Fair" (c. , King Of The English, Eldest Son Of Edmund And Aelfgifu, Succeeded His Uncle Eadred In 955, When He Was About 15 Years Old. He Was Crowned At Kingston By Archbishop Odo. At The Coronation Feast He Re Tired With Aethelgifu (perhaps His Foster-mother) And ...
The French War
The French War The First Phase.—in The Ensuing War The Following Phases May Be Noted. First, France Had Leagued Against Her Austria, Prussia, Sardinia And Naples, Then Great Britain And Holland, And, Later, Spain, Portugal, The Holy Roman Empire, And (nominally) Russia. But Her Whole-hearted Vigour And Their Dis Cords ...
The Hanoverian Kings
The Hanoverian Kings, 1714-1789 The Period During 1714-89 In British History Has An Essential And Internal Unity Alike In Politics, Thought, And Economic And Social Development, Marked Off From The 17th Century Which Really Ended In 1714, And The Period Of Revolution And World-wide War Which Commenced With The Fall ...
The Hundred Years War
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) The Root Of The Hundred Years' War Must Be Sought In The Affairs Of Guienne. Already In The Time Of Edward I. The Insecurity Of The English Position In South-western France Was Becoming Manifest. Philip Iv. Of France Had Made Serious Encroachments Upon English Territory ...
The Martyr Edward
Edward, "the Martyr" (c. 963-978), King Of The Eng Lish, Was The Son Of Edgar By His First Wife Aethelflaed. Edgars Second Wife Aelfthryth Desired To Obtain The Crown For Her Son Aethelred, But Dunstan Upheld Edward's Claim, And He Was Crowned At Kingston In 975. Edward's Brief Reign Was ...
The Most Ancient Works
The Most Ancient Works The Most Ancient Encyclopaedia Extant Is Pliny's Natural His Tory In 37 Books (including The Preface) And 2,493 Chapters, Which Treat Of Cosmography, Astronomy And Meteorology, Geog Raphy, Zoology (including Man), The Invention Of The Arts, Botany, Medicines, Vegetable And Animal Remedies, Medical Authors And Magic, ...
The Origin And Maintenance
The Origin And Maintenance Of The Earth's Charge It Is Obvious That, If Negative Electricity Is Leaving Our Earth And Positive Electricity Entering It In Virtue Of The Potential Gra Dient Operating In A Conducting Atmosphere, Any Compensating Stream Must Take Place In Opposition To The Forces Of The Electric ...
The Reform Movement
The Reform Movement Social Conditions.—war, However Successful, Leaves Behind A Rank Seed-bed Of Discontent ; For Its Rewards And Penalties Are In General Brutally Unjust. Discharges Of Sailors And Soldiers (some 4,000 Were Helped Out To Grahamstown In 1819-20) And The Collapse Of War Industries And Prices Worked Havoc With ...
The Reformation And The
The Reformation And The Age Of Elizabeth (1528-1603) Wolsey Did Not Fall Through Any Opposition To Reform ; Nor Was He Opposed To The Idea Of A Divorce. Indeed, Both In France And Spain He Was Credited With The Authorship Of The Project. But He Differed From Henry On The ...
The Revolutionary Period
The Revolutionary Period, 1789-1832 Under The Seeming Immobility Of The Georgian Era Potent Forces Were Working For Change. By 1789 The Industrial Revolu Tion (q.v.) Was Beginning To Drive Weavers And Spinsters From The Cottage To The Factory, And To Deplete The Eastern And Southern Districts In Favour Of The ...
The Stuarts
The Stuarts, 1603-1714 James I., 1603-1625.—the First Stuart King Ascended The Throne Of England Under Favourable Auspices. In The War With Spain The English Nation Had Asserted Its Political And Religious Independence And Had Laid The Foundation Of Its Naval Supremacy. Trade Was Expanding And Wealth Increasing. By The Union ...
The Victorian Age
The Victorian Age, 1832-1901 When The Great Reform Bill Had Sailed Safely Into Port, Leaving The Storms Of Popular Riot And Constitutional Crisis Behind It, A New Epoch Had Begun. That Epoch May Be Said To End With The Conquest Of The Dutch Republics In South Africa, The Death Of ...
The Wars Of The
The Wars Of The Roses (1453-97) The Wars Of The Roses Have Been Ascribed To Many Different Causes By Different Historians. To Some Their Origin Is Mainly Con Stitutional. It Is Argued That The Question Of The Succession Was Raised Because The King Persisted In Retaining As His Ministers Men, ...
The Whigs And The
The Whigs And The Chartists, 1832-41 During The Agitations Attending The Passage Of The Reform Bill Some Had Feared And Others Had Hoped That The Character Of The House Of Commons Would Be Henceforth Radically Different. These Hopes And Fears Proved Groundless. The New House And Its Suc Cessors For ...
The World War
The World War General.—the War Of 1914-18 Has Often Been Termed An Engineers' War, A True Description In So Far That The Increase In The Engineer Arm Was Proportionately Much Greater Than In Any Other; But In The Wider Sense—the Substitution Of Mechanical For Human Energy—field Engineering Made Strangely Little ...
Theory Of Complete Dissociation
Theory Of Complete Dissociation The Classical Theory Of Arrhenius May Be Summarized As Having Correlated The Experiments Of Kohlrausch And Van't Hoff, Postulated A Very Considerable Degree Of Dissociation In Aqueous Solutions Of Salts At Ordinary Concentrations, And Provided A Method Of Calculating The Degree Of Dissociation. The Theory Ac ...
Theory Of Strain
Theory Of Strain In The General Theory Of Strain, Iet P, Q Be Two Neighbouring Points Of An Elastic Body, And P', Q', The New Positions Of These Points When The Body Is Deformed. Using A System Of Rectangular Axes To Specify The Positions Of These Points, And Denoting Their ...
Theory Of
Theory Of.) Hertz's Experiments.—though Maxwell's Theory Was Pub Lished In 1864, It Was Not Until 1887, Seven Years After The Death Of Maxwell That Any Direct Experimental Proof Of Its Validity Was Obtained. On Maxwell's Theory Electrical Waves Ought To Radiate From Any System In Which Electrical Oscillation Is Produced. ...
Thermionic Valves
Thermionic Valves The Term "thermionic Valve" Or "vacuum Tube" Is Applied To A Class Of Device That Utilizes A Cathode Emitting Electrons By Vir Tue Of Its Being Heated. It Is Essentially An Evacuated Envelope Containing, In Addition To The Thermionic Cathode, One Or More Additional Electrodes Used For Controlling ...
Thermionics
Thermionics.) Constitution Of Atoms.—since Faraday Discovered His Laws Of Electrolysis, Which Showed That Atoms Of Electricity Are Asso Ciated With Atoms Of Matter, The Scope Of Electrical Science Has Continued To Expand, Until It Appears That The Material Universe Contains Nothing But Atoms Of Electricity And The Electromagnetic Fields Excited ...
Thomas Addis Emmet
Emmet, Thomas Addis (1764-1827), Irish Lawyer And Politician, Elder Brother Of Robert Emmet (q.v.), The Rebel, Was Born At Cork On April 24, 1764, And Was Educated At Trinity Col Lege, Dublin, And At Edinburgh University Where He Studied Medi Cine. After Visiting The Chief Medical Schools On The Continent, ...
Thomas Charles Edwards
Edwards, Thomas Charles Welsh Nonconformist Divine And Educationist, Was Born At Bala, Merion Eth, On Sept. 22, 1837, The Son Of Lewis Edwards (q.v.). After Graduating In London, He Matriculated At St. Alban Hall, Oxford, In 1862, Obtained A Scholarship At Lincoln College In 1864, And Took A First Class ...
Thomas Ellwood
Ellwood, Thomas (1639-1714), English Author, Was Born At Crowell, Oxfordshire. His Family Moved To London While He Was Still Young, And He Met A Quaker Family Named Pennington, And Himself Became A Quaker. They Introduced Him To Milton, To Whom He Went Every Afternoon As Latin Reader, And About Whom ...
Thomas Elmham
Elmham, Thomas (d. C. 142o), English Chronicler, Was Probably Born At North Elmham In Norfolk. He Became A Benedictine Monk At Canterbury, And Then, Joining The Cluniacs, Was Prior Of Lenton Abbey, Near Nottingham ; He Was Chaplain To Henry V., And Was Present At Agincourt. Elmham Wrote A History ...
Thomas Emlyn
Emlyn, Thomas (1663-1741), English Nonconformist Divine, Was Born At Stamford, Lincolnshire. He Served As Chap Lain To The Presbyterian Letitia, Countess Of Donegal, And Then To Sir Robert Rich, Afterwards (1691) Becoming Colleague To Joseph Boyse, Presbyterian Minister In Dublin. From This Office He Was Virtually Dismissed On His Own ...
Thunderstorms And Related Phenomena
Thunderstorms And Related Phenomena The First Observations On The Charge Carried Down By Rain Were Made By Elster And Geitel (1899) And By H. Gerdien (19o3 ), And Led To The Conclusion That More Negative Than Positive Electricity Was Precipitated By This Cause. However, G. C. Simp Son (1909), In ...
Training Of Employees
Employees, Training Of. Arrangements For The Training Of Employees Date Back As Far As Industrial History. They Were Among The Most Important Objects Of The Mediaeval Guilds (q.v.) And The Whole Basis Of The System Of Apprenticeship (q.v.). But With The Introduction Of The Factory System The Personal Rela Tionship ...
Ubbo Emmius
Emmius, Ubbo Dutch Historian And Geo Grapher, Was Born At Gretha, East Friesland, On Dec. 5, After Studying At Rostock, He Spent Two Years In Geneva, Where He Became Intimate With Theodore Beza; And Returning To The Netherlands Was Appointed The Principal Of A College At Norden, A Position Which ...
Victor Alexander Bruce
Victor Alexander Bruce, 9th Earl Of Elgin (1849-1917), British Statesman, Was Born On May 16, 1849, The Son Of The 8th Earl. A Liberal In Politics, He Became First Commissioner Of Works (1886), And Subsequently Viceroy Of India (1894-99) . His Ad Ministration In India Was Chiefly Notable For The ...
Water Bibliography D B
Water.) Bibliography.-d. B. Rushmore & E. A. Lof, Hydro-electric Power Bibliography.-d. B. Rushmore & E. A. Lof, Hydro-electric Power Stations (192o) ; J. W. Meares, Hydro-electric Development (192o) ; F. F. Fergusson, Water Power Engineering (1921) ; A. H. Gibson, Hydro-electric Engineering (1922) ; Creager & Justin, Hydro-electric Handbook (1927). ...
Water Turbine
Turbine, Water. In Its Application To Shipping, The Articles Marine Engineering And Shipbuilding Should Be Consulted. The Application Of Engineering To The Chemical Trades Will Be Found Treated Under The Wide Series Of Articles Dealing With Chemical Products, Including Dyes; Alkali Manufacture; Nitrogen, Fixation Of. The Engineering Connected With Natural ...
Willem Einthoven
Einthoven, Willem Dutch Physiologist, Was Born On May 2 2, 1860, At Samarang, In Java, And Was Edu Cated At Utrecht Under Donders. In 1885 He Was Made Professor Of Physiology At Leyden, Where He Remained Until His Death, On Sept. 29, 1927. In 1924 He Was Awarded The Nobel ...
William Ellis
Ellis, William (1794-1872), English Nonconformist Missionary, Was Born In London On Aug. 29, 1794. His Boyhood And Youth Were Spent At Wisbech, Where He Worked As A Market Gardener. He Was Sent By The London Missionary Society To The South Sea Islands In Jan. 1816, And Remained In Polynesia, Occu ...
William Elphinstone
Elphinstone, William (1431-1514), Scottish Statesman And Prelate, Founder Of The University Of Aberdeen, Was Born In Glasgow, And Educated At The University. He Was Ordained Priest, Becoming Rector Of St. Michael's Church, Tron Gate, Glasgow, In 1465. Four Years Later He Went To Continue His Studies At The University Of ...
William Iii William Iii
William Iii. And Mary, William Iii., In England The Convention Turned Itself Into A Parliament In Order To Avoid The Risks Of A General Election At A Time So Critical. The Declaration Of Right Was Converted Into The Bill Of Rights, Which Gave The Succession To Anne In Default Of ...
Zkna
Zkna = 47rze And A + - A (kf„) + A = 47rp Are Ax Ay Az Merely Two Different Mathematical Ways Of Expressing The Fact That The Number Of Unit Tubes Of Electric Force Which Come Out Of A Charge E Is Equal To 4ire. If V Denotes Any ...