Entracte
Entr'acte, The Interval Between The Acts Of A Dramatic Performance, Or Between The Different Items Of A Miscellaneous Entertainment; Entr'acte Music Being That Intended To Be Played During This Period. "act-tune" Was An Earlier Term, Now Quite Obsolete. ...
Entre Minho E Douro
Entre Minho E Douro (popularly Called Minho), A Former Province Of Portugal; Bounded On The N. By Galicia In Spain, E. By Traz-os-montes, S. By Beira And W. By The Atlantic Ocean. Pop. (1930) 1,465,298; Area 2,790 Sq.m. Of The Mountain Ranges The Most Important Are The Serra Da Peneda ...
Entre Rigs
Entre Rigs, An Eastern Province Of The Argentine Repub Lic Lying Between 30° And 34° S. Lat. And 58° And 61 ° W. Longitude. It Is Bounded North By The Province Of Corrientes, East By Uru Guay River Which Separates It From Uruguay And South And West By The Parana ...
Entrepot
Entrepot, A Storehouse Or Magazine For The Temporary Storage Of Goods ; Also A Place Where Goods, Which Are Not Allowed To Pass Into A Country Duty Free, Are Stored Under The Superin Tendence Of The Custom-house Authorities Till They Are Re-exported. Any Town Which Has A Considerable Distributive Trade ...
Entrepreneur
Entrepreneur. In Economics, A Term Describing The Person Who Assembles The Various Means Of Production, And By Mobilizing Them, Renders Them Operative And Useful. He Is A Pro Moter Or Initiator Of Production. The Derivation Is From Fr. Entre, Between ; Prendre, To Take. By Making The Factors Of Production ...
Enver Pasha
Enver Pasha (1881-192 2 ), Leader Of The Young Turks, Was Born At Apana, On The Black Sea Coast, Where His Father Was A Bridge Keeper And His Mother Followed The Despised Profession Of Laying Out The Dead. His Father Was Turkish, His Mother Albanian And He Had A Circassian ...
Envoy
Envoy, A Diplomatic Agent Of The Second Rank. The Word Envoye Came First Into General Use In The 17th Century, As A Trans Lation Of The Lat. Ablegatus Or Missus (see Diplomacy). Hence The Word Envoy Is Commonly Used Of Anyone Sent On A Mission. ...
Enzio
Enzio (c. 1225-1272), King Of Sardinia, Was A Natural Son Of The Emperor Frederick Ii., And Married, In 1238, Adelasia, Widow Of Ubaldo Visconti And Heiress Of Torres And Gallura In Sardinia. Enzio Took At Once The Title Of King Of Torres And Gallura, And In 1243 That Of King ...
Enzymes
Enzymes. There Are Many Chemical Reactions Which Pro Ceed Alone At A Very Slow Rate. By The Addition Of Minute Quan Tities Of Certain Inorganic Substances, Termed Catalysts, The Rate Of Such Reactions Can Be Tremendously Increased. Enzymes May Be Regarded As Catalysts Of Biological Origin Which Are Formed In ...
Eocene
Eocene, In Geology, The Name Suggested By Sir Charles Lyell In 1833 For The Earliest Period Of The Tertiary Era. The Term Was Intended To Convey The Idea That This Was The Period Which Saw The Dawn Of The Recent Or Existing Forms Of Life, Be Cause It Was Estimated ...
Eohippus
Eohippus, The "four-toed Horse," The Earliest Known Stage In The Ancestry Of The Horse, Found In The Lower Eocene Forma Tions Of The Western United States. A Number Of Skeletons And Many Skulls, Jaws Or Other Fragmentary Specimens Are Preserved In American Museums. The Closely-related Hyracotherium Of Western Europe Is ...
Eoliths
Eoliths. The Term Eoliths Is Used Of Those Objects Which Belong To The Dawn (eos) Of The Stone (lithos) Age. It Does Not Denote Naturally Chipped Stones Of Any Age Which Appear, At First Sight, To Be Human Artefacts. True Eoliths Are Of Tertiary Age. At A Congress Held In ...
Eosines
Eosines, Brilliant Pink Dyestuffs Which Are Brominated Or Iodinated Derivatives Of Fluorescein. (see Dyes, Synthetic.) ...
Epacridaceae
Epacridaceae, A Large Family Of Dicotyledonous Shrubs And Trees, Chiefly Australian, But Also Represented In India, New Zealand, South America And The Hawaiian Islands. There Are 3o Genera And Some 400 Species. In Australia They Fill The Place Occupied Elsewhere By The Ericaceae (q.v.) Or Heath Family. The Flowers Are ...
Epaminondas Epameinondas
Epaminondas (epameinondas, 'euajsecvtovbas) (c. 418 362), Theban General, Was Born About 418 B.c. He Was Edu Cated By Lysis Of Tarentum, A Pythagorean Philosopher In Exile. In 385 He Was Fighting On The Spartan Side In The Attack On Mantineia, Where He Saved The Life Of Pelopidas. In 371 He ...
Eparch
Eparch, An Official, A Governor Of A Province Of Roman Greece, Eirapxos, Whose Title Was Equivalent To, Or Represented That Of The Roman Praefectus. The Area Of His Administration Was Called An Eparchy (eirapxia). The Term Survives As One Of The Administrative Units Of Modern Greece, The Country Being Divided ...
Epaulette
Epaulette, Properly A Shoulder-piece (from Fr. Epaule, A Shoulder), And So Applied To The Shoulder-knot Of Ribbon To Which A Scapulary Was Attached, Worn By Members Of A Religious Order. The Epaulette Was First Used Merely As A Shoulder Knot To Fasten The Baldric, And The Application Of It To ...
Epernay
Epernay, A Town Of Northern France, Capital Of An Arron Dissement In The Department Of Marne, 88 M. E.n.e. Of Paris On The Main Line Of The Eastern Railway To Chalons-sur-marne. Pop. 18,789. The Town Stands On The Left Side Of The Valley Of The Marne, Where It Receives The ...
Epernon
Epernon, A Town Of Northern France In The Department Of Eure-et-loir, At The Confluence Of The Drouette And The Guesle, 17 M. N.e. Of Chartres By Rail. Pop. (1931) 2,03 R . It Belonged Originally To The Counts Of Montfort, Who, In The 1 1 Th Century, Built A Castle ...
Ephebeum
Ephebeum, In Architecture, A Hall Of An Ancient Greek Palaestra (buildings For Exercise And Meeting), Reserved For The Exercises Of Youths From 16 To 18 Years Old. ...
Ephebi
Ephebi, A Name Given, In Athens And Other Greek Towns, To A Class Of Young Men From 18 To 20 Years Of Age, Who Formed A Sort Of College Under State Control. On The Completion Of His 17th Year The Athenian Youth Attained His Civil Majority, And, Provided He Belonged ...
Ephedrine
Ephedrine, An Alkaloid (see Alkaloids) First Prepared By Nagai (188 7) From The Chinese Drug "ma Huang," Since Then Found In Other Species Of Ephedra, And Having The Composition The Naturally Occurring Laevo Form Has Been Syn Thesized And Shown To Be It Melts At 40° C, Has A Specific ...
Ephemeris
Ephemeris. An Ephemeris Is A Table Giving, For Stated Points Of Time, The Position Or Other Numerical Particulars Of One Or More Of The Heavenly Bodies. Such Tables Are Essential To The Navigator, Whose Observations Of The Sun, Moon, And Stars Would Be Valueless Without A Knowledge Of Their Exact ...
Ephemeroptera
Ephemeroptera, An Order Of Insects (q.v.), Comprising The May-flies (q.v.) And Their Allies. ...
Ephesus
Ephesus, An Ancient Ionian City On The West Coast Of Asia Minor. In Historic Times It Was Situated On The Lower Slopes Of The Hills, Coressus And Prion, Which Rise Out Of A Fertile Plain Near The Mouth Of The River Cayster, While The Temple And Precinct Of Artemis Or ...
Ephod
Ephod, A Hebrew Word Of Uncertain Meaning. In The Post Exilic Priestly Writings The Ephod Forms Part Of The Ceremonial Dress Of The High-priest (see Ex. Xxix. 5 Seq. And Especially Eccles. Xlv. 7-13) . It Was A Richly Decorated Object Worn Outside The Robe And Kept In Place By ...
Ephor
Ephor The Title Of The Highest Magistrates Of Sparta. It Is Uncertain When The Office Was Created And What Was Its Original Character. We May Regard It As An Immemorial Dorian Institution, Or Accept The Tradition That It Was Founded During The First Messen Ian War, Which Necessitated A Prolonged ...
Ephorus
Ephorus (c. B.c.), Of Cyme In Aeolis, In Asia Minor, Greek Historian. The Tradition That, Together With Theo Pompus, He Was The Pupil Of Isocrates, And Turned To The Study Of History At The Suggestion Of His Master, Seems To Be Unhistor Ical. His Chief Works Were `io Ropiac In ...
Ephraem Syrus
Ephraem Syrus (ephraim The Syrian) (d. 373), A Saint Famous As A Poet And Commentator, Was Born Early In The 4th Century At Or Near Nisibis, Of Pagan Parents. He Became A Ward Of St. James, The Famous Bishop Of Nisibis, Was Baptized And Probably Ordained A Deacon. During The ...
Ephraim
Ephraim, The Stronger Of The Two Tribes Into Which The House Of Joseph Was Divided (cf. Gen. Xlviii. 8-16). The Terri Torial Boundary Between The Two In West Palestine (east Of Jordan We Find Manasseh Alone) Seems To Have Been Uncertain, But Ephraim Included The Famous Sites Of Shechem, Shiloh, ...
Ephthalites Or White Huns
Ephthalites Or White Huns. This And Enigmatical Tribe Was Of Considerable Importance In The His Tory Of India And Persia In The 5th And 6th Centuries, And Was Known To The Byzantine Writers, Who Call Them ' Eckeaxiroc, Ebearyirot., Ne4eaxlroc, Or 'a/3hexol. The Last Of These Is An Inde Pendent ...
Epi
Epi, The French Architectural Term For A Small Finial (q.v.), Generally Of Metal, But Sometimes Of Terra-cotta, Forming The Termination Of A Spire Or The Angle Of A Roof. ...
Epic Poetry Or Epos
Epic Poetry Or Epos, The Names Given To The Most Dig Nified And Elaborate Forms Of Narrative Poetry. The Word Epopee Is Used. When We First Discover The Epos In Greek Literature, Hexameter Verse Has Already Been Selected For Its Vehicle. In This Form Epic Poems Were Composed Not Merely ...
Epicene
Epicene, A Term In Greek And Latin Grammar Denoting Nouns Possessing One Gender Only, But Used To Describe Animals Of Either Sex. In English Grammar There Are No True Epicene Nouns, But The Term Is Sometimes Used Instead Of Common Gender. "epicene" Is Sometimes Also Applied As An Adjective To ...
Epicharmus
Epicharmus (c. B.c.), Greek Comic Poet, Was Born In Cos. Early In Life He Went To Megara In Sicily, And After Its Destruction By Gelon (484) Removed To Syracuse, Where He Lived At The Court Of Hieron Till His Death At The Age Of Go Or (according To A Statement ...
Epictetus
Epictetus (born C. A.d. 6o), Greek Philosopher, Probably From Hierapolis, Phrygia. The Name Epictetus Is The Greek For "acquired" (from Eirucravoac) ; His Original Name Is Not Known. As A Boy He Was A Slave, But Managed To Attend The Lectures Of The Stoic Musonius Rufus, And Subsequently Became A ...
Epicurus Bc
Epicurus B.c.), Greek Philosopher, Was Born In Samos, Where His Father, Neocles, An Athenian, Had Settled Some Ten Years Before. In 323 He Came To Athens, But Shortly After Joined His Father In Colophon (diog. Laert., X. I). Thereafter He Taught In Mytilene And Lampsacus And In 3o6 Returned To ...
Epicycle
Epicycle, In Ancient Astronomy, A Small Circle The Centre Of Which Describes A Larger Circle. It Was Especially Used To Rep Resent Geometrically The Periodic Apparent Retrograde Motion Of The Outer Planets, Mars, Jupiter, And Saturn, Which We Now Know To Be Due To The Annual Revolution Of The Earth ...
Epidaurus
Epidaurus, The Name Of Two Ancient Cities Of Southern Greece. I. Epidaurus The Holy, A Maritime City On The Eastern Coast Of Argolis, On A Rocky Peninsula With A Natural Harbour On The North Ern Side And An Open Bay On The Southern. Its Narrow But Fertile Plain Is Shut ...
Epidemic
Epidemic. A Term Used Adjectivally Or As A Noun To Sig Nify The Sudden Outbreak Of An Infectious Disease, Of Which The Case Incidence Rises To A Peak With More Or Less Rapidity And Thereafter Declines, Usually Less Rapidly. The Curve Thus Formed Shows Variations In Different Diseases And In ...
Epidemiology
Epidemiology. In Recent Years More Study Has Been Given To That Branch Of The Science Of Medicine Which, Under The Name Of Epidemiology, Displays The General Factors Which Operate Upon Populations Or Aggregates, And Lead To The Outbreak Of A Sickness Affecting Several Persons Within A Short Time. The Unit ...
Epidiorite
Epidiorite, In Petrology, An Altered Basic Igneous Rock, Consisting Essentially Of Hornblende And Plagioclase Felspar, Used In Road-mending. The Term Is Now Restricted To Those Metamor Phosed Igneous Rocks Of Gabbroic Or Doleritic Composition In Which Either Relict Minerals Or Relict Textures, Or Both, Are Pre Served. The Epidiorites Thus ...
Epidosite
Epidosite, In Petrology, A Typical Member Of A Family Of Metamorphic Rocks Composed Mainly Of Epidote And Quartz ; They Are Pale Or Greenish Yellow, Hard, And Somewhat Brittle, And Are De Rived From Several Kinds Of Rock. Some Have Been Epidotic Grits And Sandstones ; Others Are Limestones Which ...
Epidote
Epidote, A Mineral Species Consisting Of Basic Calcium, Aluminium And Iron Orthosilicate, Crystallizing In The Monoclinic System. Well-developed Crystals Are Of Frequent Occurrence : They Are Commonly Prismatic In Habit, The Direction Of Elongation Being Perpendicular To The Single Plane Of Symmetry. Many Of The Char Acters Of The Mineral ...
Epigonion
Epigonion, An Ancient Stringed Instrument Mentioned In Athenaeus. The Epigonion Was Invented, Or At Least Introduced Into Greece, By Epigonus, A Greek Musician Of Ambracia, In Epirus, Who Was Admitted To Citizenship At Sicyon As A Recogni Tion Of His Great Musical Ability, And Of His Having Been The First ...
Epigram
Epigram, Which Originally Meant "an Inscription," Has In The Course Of Time Come To Mean Any Pithy (and Usually Pungent) Saying In Prose Or Verse. We Find That The Name Has Been Given— First, In Strict Accordance With Its Greek Etymology, To Any Actual Inscription On Monument, Statue Or Building; ...
Epigraphy
Epigraphy, A Term Used To Denote (i) The Study Of In Scriptions Collectively ; The Science Connected With The Classi Fication And Explanation Of Inscriptions; And (3) In A More Con Tracted Sense, The Palaeography In Inscriptions. Coins Come Under The Heading Numismatics. ...
Epilepsy
Epilepsy, A Disorder The Essential Symptom Of Which Is A Recurring, Abrupt Loss Or Alteration Of Consciousness, Includes Many Types Of Seizures, E.g., Convulsions, Emotional Explosions, Irritable Periods, Vertigoes, And Psychic Clouding. There Are Normal Gradations Of Consciousness, As Sleep, Degrees Of Atten Tiveness Or Mental Concentration, Etc. Convulsions, Because ...
Epileptic Fit
Epileptic Fit. Three Well-marked Varieties Of The Epilep Tic Seizure Are Known, Le Grand Mal, Le Petit Mal And Jacksonian Epilepsy. Any May Exist Alone, But The Two Former May Occur To Gether. The First Is Generally Known As An Epileptic Fit. Although In Most Instances An Attack Comes On ...
Epilobium
Epilobium, A Genus Of Plants Of The Family Onagraceae, Popularly Called Willow-herbs (q.v.). There Are About 16o Species, All Confined To Temperate And Arctic Regions ; 9 Are Found In The British Isles And About 4o Occur In North America. They Are Mostly Tall Herbs With Pink, Purple Or Whitish ...
Epilogue
Epilogue. The Appendix Or Supplement To A Literary Work, And In Particular To A Drama In Verse, Is Called An Epilogue, From Iirixoyos The Name Given By The Greeks To The Peroration Of A Speech. As We Read In Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream, The Epilogue Was Generally Treated As The ...
Epimenides
Epimenides, A Semi-historical Poet And Prophet Of Cnossos, In Crete, Who Lived In The 6th Century B.c. He Is Said To Have Fal Len Into A Deep Sleep In The Dictaean Cave, From Which He Did Not Awake For S7 Years (diogenes Laertius I. 109-115). When The Athenians Were Visited ...
Epinal
Epinal, A Town On The North-eastern Frontier Of France, Capital Of The Department Of Vosges, 46 M. S.s.e. Of Nancy On The Eastern Railway Between That Town And Belfort. Pop. (1931) 22,921. Epinal Grew Round A Loth Century Monastery, Founded By Theodoric (dietrich) I., Bishop Of Metz, Whose Successors Ruled ...
Epinaos
Epinaos, In Architecture, The Open Vestibule Behind The Enclosed Portion, Or Cella, Of A Temple; The Rear Porch. When Enclosed, It Is Known As An Opisthodomos. ...
Epiphenomenon
Epiphenomenon Means A Secondary Appearance Or By Product. The Term Is Used To Express A Certain View Of The Rela Tion Of Mind To Body, Or Consciousness To Matter. According To Huxley, Hodgson And Maudsley Consciousness Is Just Something Incidental To The Organism In Which It Occurs, And Has No ...
Epiphyte
Epiphyte, The Term Used In Botany To Denote Those Plants Which Grow Perched Upon Others. Epiphytes Are A Characteristic Feature Of Tropical Forests. Plants Of Many Families Have Become Adapted To This Mode Of Life, Notably Orchids (q.v.) A Feature Of Epiphytes Is The Development Of Aerial Roots. (see Rour. ...
Epirus Or Epeirus
Epirus Or Epeirus, An Ancient District Of Northern Greece Extending Along The Ionian Sea From The Acroceraunian Promontory On The North To The Ambracian Gulf On The South, And Conterminous On The Landward Side With Illyria, Macedonia And Thessaly. It Thus Corresponds To The Southern Portion Of Albania, (q.v.). The ...
Episcopacy
Episcopacy, The General Term Technically Applied To That System Of Church Organization In Which The Chief Ecclesiastical Au Thority Within A Defined District, Or Diocese, Is Vested In A Bishop (from Late Lat. Episcopatus, The Office Of A Bishop, Episcopus). As Such It Is Distinguished On The One Hand From ...
Episode
Episode, An Incident Occurring In The History Of A Nation, An Institution Or An Individual, Especially With The Significance Of Being An Interruption Of An Ordered Course Of Events. The Word Is Derived From A Word (e7r€la000s) With A Technical Meaning In Ancient Greek Tragedy. It Is Defined By Aristotle ...
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, The Medical Term For Bleeding From The Nose. It Is Common And Usually Of Little Importance In Childhood. But It May Be Symptomatic Of Haemophilia (bleeders) When Probably It Will Be Necessary To Apply Styptics Or Plug The Nostrils. In Middle Age It May Indicate Arteriosclerosis And High Arterial ...
Epistemology
Epistemology, In Philosophy, A Term Applied, Prob Ably First By J. F. Ferrier, To That Department Of Thought Whose Subject Matter Is The Nature And Validity Of Knowledge (gr. E7rco'triµ7, Knowledge, And X6yos, Theory, Account ; Ger. Er Kenntnistheorie). It Is Thus Contrasted With Metaphysics, Which Considers The Nature Of ...
Epistle To The Ephesians
Ephesians, Epistle To The. This Book Of The New Testament, The Most General Of All The Pauline Epistles And The One Having Least Apparent Reference To An Immediate Occasion, May Be Described As A Solemn Contemplation Of The Lofty Privilege Into Which God's Eternal Purpose Has Brought Believers In Christ, ...
Epistle
Epistle, In Its Primary Sense Any Letter Addressed To An Absent Person. At The Present Day The Term Is Used Only For Letters Of An Ancient Time, Or For Elaborate Literary Productions Which Are, Or Affect To Be, Written To A Person At A Distance. ...
Epistyle
Epistyle, The Greek Term For Architrave, The Lower Member Of The Entablature Of The Classic Orders (q.v.). ...
Epitaph
Epitaph, Strictly An Inscription Upon A Tomb, Though By A Natural Extension Of Usage, The Name Is Applied To Anything Written Ostensibly For That Purpose, Whether Actually On A Tomb Or Not. Probably The Earliest Epitaphial Inscriptions That Have Come Down To Us Are Those Of The Ancient Egyptians, Written, ...
Epithalamium
Epithalamium, Originally Among The Greeks A Song In Praise Of Bride And Bridegroom, Which Was Sung By A Number Of Boys And Girls At The Door Of The Nuptial Chamber. According To The Scholiast On Theocritus, One Form, The Was Employed At Night, And Another, The 8&e-yeprucov, To Arouse The ...
Epithelium
Epithelium, In Anatomy. Every Surface Of The Body Which May Come Into Contact With Foreign Substances Is Covered With A Protecting Layer Of Cells Closely Bound To One Another To Form Continuous Sheets. By The Formation Of Outgrowths Or In Growths From These Surfaces, Structures, Consisting Largely Or En Tirely ...
Epoch
Epoch, A Term For A Stated Period Of Time, And So Used Of A Date Accepted As The Starting-point Of An Era Or Of A New Period In Chronology, Such As The Birth Of Christ (gr. Eiroxii, Holding In Suspense, A Pause, From E7r)(ecv, To Hold Up, To Stop) . ...
Epode
Epode, A Greek Ode, And (according To Some Authorities) Elaborated By Stesichorus, And As Exhibited, E.g., In The Plays And In Pindar, Was Based On A System Of Strophe, Antistrophe (these Exactly Corresponding) And A Concluding Epode (eir(..p6os 7replobos) ; A System Which The Reader May See Quite Fairly Repre ...
Epona
Epona. As Her Name Implies (epo-, Gallic Equivalent Of Latin Equo-), This Goddess Was Patroness Of Horses, But Also Of Asses And Mules. The Majority Of Inscriptions And Images Bearing Her Name Have Been Found In Gaul, Germany And The Danube Countries; Of The Few That Occur In Rome Most ...
Eponymous
Eponymous (gr. [6voya, A Name] ), A Word Originally Meaning "given As A Name" Or "named After" A Person Or Thing, And Coming In Time To Mean "that Which Gives A Name" To A Person Or Thing, A Term Especially Applied To The Mythical Or Semi-mythical Personages, Heroes, Deities, Etc., ...
Epping
Epping, A Market Town In The Epping Parliamentary Division Of Essex, England, 17m. N.n.e. From London On The Chipping Ongar Branch Of The L.n.e. Railway. Pop. Of Urban District (1930, 4,956. The Town Lies High And Picturesquely Situated At The Northern Outskirts Of Epping Forest. In 1889 The Modern Church ...
Epps
Epps, The Name Of An English Family, Well Known In Commerce And Medicine. In The Second Half Of The 18th Century They Had Been Settled Near Ashford, Kent, For Some Generations, Claiming Descent From An Equerry Of Charles Ii., But Were Reduced In Cir Cumstances, When John Epps Rose To ...
Epps_2
Epps (1815-1874) And James Epps Were Notable Men Of Their Day, The Two Former As Prominent Doctors Who Were Ardent Converts To Homoeopathy, And James As A Homoeopathic Chemist And The Founder Of The Great Cocoa Business Associated With His Name. Among Dr. G. N. Epps's Children Were Dr. Wash ...
Epsom Salts
Epsom Salts, Small, Colourless, Needle-shaped Crystals, White When Powdered, Used As A Purgative. Chemically The Salt Is Heptahydrated Magnesium Sulphate, The Magnesii Sulphas Of Pharmacy. It Occurs Dissolved In Sea Water And In Most Mineral Waters, Especially In Those At Epsom (from Which Place It Takes Its Name), Seidlitz, Saidschutz ...
Epsom
Epsom, A Town Of Surrey, England, On The Edge Of Banstead Downs, 15 M. S.w. By S. Of London, On The Main Road To Dor King, With Stations (including Epsom Downs And Tattenham Corner, On The Racecourse) On The S.r. Pop. Of Urban District (i 93i) 27,089. The Parish Church ...
Equation Of The Centre
Equation Of The Centre, In Astronomy, The Angu Lar Distance, Measured Around The Centre Of Motion, By Which A Planet Moving In An Ellipse Deviates From The Mean Position Which It Would Occupy If It Moved Uniformly. Its Amount Is The Correction Which Must Be Applied Positively Or Negatively To ...
Equation Of Time
Equation Of Time, The Difference Between Apparent Time (e.g., By A Sun-dial) And Mean Time (by A Standard Clock) . The Earth Rotates On Its Axis In 23h. 56m. ; The Interval From Noon To Noon Is 24h. Om. The Extra 4m. Being Occupied In "catching Up" The Sun, Which ...
Equator
Equator, In Geography, That Great Circle Of The Earth, Equidistant From The Two Poles, Which Divides The Northern From The Southern Hemisphere And Lies In A Plane Perpendicular To The Axis Of The Earth ; This Is Termed The "geographical" Or "terrestrial Equator." In Astronomy, The "celestial Equator" Is The ...
Equerry
Equerry, A Contracted Form Of "gentleman Of The Equerry," An Officer In Charge Of The Stables Of A Royal Household. At The British Court, Equerries Are Officers Attached To The Department Of The Master Of The Horse, The First Of Whom Is Called Chief Equerry (see Household, Royal) . ...
Equidae
Equidae, The Horse Family, A Family Of Hoofed Mammals, Of The Order Perissodactyla, Of Which The Modern Genus Equus Is The Type. It Is Customary To Include In This Family The Entire Series Of Tertiary Ancestors Of The Horse, The Three Principal Progressive Stages Being Distinguished As Sub-families—hyracotheriinae, An Chitheriinae ...
Equinox
Equinox, A Term Used To Express Either The Moment At Which, Or The Point At Which, The Sun Apparently Crosses The Celestial Equator. (from The Lat. Aequus, Equal, And Nox, Night.) Since The Sun Moves In The Ecliptic, It Is In The Last-named Sense The Point Of Intersection Of The ...
Equitable Defence
Equitable Defence, Iri Common Law, The Defence Made In A Court Of Equity, Differing From The Defence Made In A Court Of Law, In That It Requires Equitable Jurisdiction, As In Cases Of Fraud (see Equity) . ...
Equites
Equites (lat. Eques, A Horseman), Originally A Division Of The Roman Army, But Subsequently A Political Order. Romulus Is Said To Have Instituted A Patrician Cavalry Corps, Consisting Of Three Centuriae ("hundreds"), Called After The Three Tribes From Which They Were Taken (ramnes, Tities, Luceres). Servius Tullius Found Six Centuries ...
Equity
Equity. The Term Equity Has Two Meanings, One Profes Sional, The Other Popular. When Lawyers Speak Of Equity They Are Thinking Merely Of That Part Of The Law Of England Which Is De Rived Not From The Custom Of The Realm Nor The Enactments Of Parliament But From The Decisions ...
Equivalent
Equivalent, In Chemistry, The Proportion Of An Element Which Will Combine With Or Replace Unit Weight Of Hydrogen. When Multiplied By The Valency It Formerly Gave The Atomic Weight ; In 1905, However, The Standard For The Calculation Of Atomic Weights Was Changed From Hydrogen = 1 To Oxygen = ...
Erasistratus
Erasistratus, Fl. 300 B.c., Alexandrian Anatomist, Was Born At Chios, And Lived First At The Court Of Nicanor Seleucus And Then At Alexandria, Where He Formed A School Of Anatomy. Like Herophilus, He Traced The Origin Of The Nerve Trunks To The Brain And Distinguished Sensory And Motor Nerves. But ...
Eratosthenes Of Alexandria
Eratosthenes Of Alexandria (c. 276—c. 194 P.c. ), Greek Scientific Writer, Was Born At Cyrene. He Studied Grammar Under Callimachus At Alexandria, And Philosophy Under The Stoic Ariston And The Academic Arcesilaus At Athens, But Returned To Alexandria As Chief Librarian. His Two Mathematical Books On Means (ii Epi ?ecrorimov), ...
Erbach
Erbach, A Town Of Germany, In The Land Of Hesse, On The Mumling, 2 2 M. S.e. Of Darmstadt. Pop. 3,770. It Has Long Been The Residence Of The Counts Of Erbach, Who Trace Their Descent Back To The 1 2th Century. In 1532 The Emperor Charles V. Made The ...
Erbium
Erbium, A Metallic Element Belonging To The Rare-earth Group. It Was Discovered In 1843 By Mosander Who Originally Named The Oxide Terbia; The Names Terbia And Erbia Were Inter Changed A Few Years Later By Men Working In This Field. In 1878 Marignac Separated Erbium Into Erbium And "ytterbium," And ...
Erckmann Chatrian
Erckmann-chatrian, The Joint Name Of Two French Writers Who Wrote In Close Collaboration. Emile Erckmann (1822-1899) Was Born On May 20, 1822, At Phalsbourg And Died At Luneville On March 14, 1899. Alexandre Chatrian Was Born On Dec. 18, 1826 At Soldatenthal, Lorraine, And Died At Villemomble, Near Paris, On ...
Erebus
Erebus, The "darkness" Of The Western Region Where Lie Hades And The Sunless Cimmerian Land (gr. Fpe(3os) ; In Hesiod (theog. 123), Personified As Son Of Chaos, Brother And Husband Of Night, Father Of Aleip (upper Air) And Day. ...
Erech
Erech (in Sumerian Uruk, Greek Orchoe, Modern Warka), An Ancient City In Mesopotamia In 31° 3o' N., 46° E., On The West Bank Of The Old Bed Of The Euphrates, Now Shatt-ek-kar, Whose Course Runs Some Miles To The East. The City Was Partially Ex Cavated By Loftus In 1850 ...
Erechtheum
Erechtheum, A Temple On The Acropolis At Athens, So Called After The Legendary Founder Of The City, Erechtheus, To Whom A Portion Of It Was Dedicated. The Date Of The Beginning Of The Building Is Uncertain; Apparently, It Was Either Just Before The Peloponnesian War, 431 B.c., Or Immediately After ...
Erechtheus
Erechtheus, In Greek Legend, A Mythical King Of Athens, Sometimes Identified With Erichthonius, Oftener Distinguished From Him. According To Homer, Who Knows Nothing Of Erich Thonius, He Was The Son Of The Earth, Brought Up By Athena, With Whom His Story Is Closely Connected. In The Later Story, Erich Thonius, ...
Ereshkigal
Ereshkigal, Also Known As Allatu, The Name Of The Chief Babylonian Goddess Of The Nether-world Where The Dead Are Gathered. Her Name Signifies "lady Of The Nether-world." She Is Known To Us Chiefly Through Two Myths, Both Symbolizing The Change Of Seasons, But Intended Also To Illustrate Certain Doctrines Developed ...
Eretria
Eretria (mod. Aletria), An Ancient Coast Town Of Euboea About 15 M. S.e. Of Chalcis, Opposite To Oropus. Eretria, Like Its Neighbour Chalcis (q.v.), Founded Colonies In The West And North Of Greece. It Also Acquired Dependencies Among The Cyclades And Had Close Alliance With Miletus. Defeated By Chalcis In ...
Eretrian School Of Philosophy
Eretrian School Of Philosophy. This Greek School Was The Continuation Of The Elian School, Which Was Trans Ferred To Eretria By Menedemus. It Was Of Small Importance, And In The Absence Of Certain Knowledge Must Be Supposed To Have Adhered To The Doctrines Of Socrates. (see Menedemus.) ...
Erfurt
Erfurt, A City Of Germany, In Prussian Saxony, On The Gera And The Railway, About Midway Between Gotha And Weimar. Pop. 144,892. The Origin Of Erfurt (med. Erpesfurt, Erphorde, Lat. Er F Ordia) Is Obscure, But In 741 It Was Sufficiently Important For St. Boniface To Found Here A Bishopric, ...
Ergot
Ergot, A Drug Consisting Of The Sclerotium (or Hard Resting Condition) Of A Fungus, Claviceps Purpurea, Parasitic On The Pistils Of Many Grasses, But Obtained Almost Exclusively From Rye. In The Ear Of Rye Infected With Ergot There Exudes A Sweet, Yellowish Mucus, Which After A Time Disappears. The Ear ...