Wild birds are more numerous in Germany than in any ether part of Europe. Wild geese, bustards, grouse, black-cocks, wood-cocks, wild-ducks, wid geons, teal, and snipes, are most abundant. Besides these, the smaller kinds of birds, as larks, thrushes, and sparrows, and the singing birds, especially bull finches and canary birds, are plentiful. The latter are chiefly taken in the Harts forest, and are circu lated through all Europe.
The three seas that border on Germany abound with fish. Besides the kinds which are caught in the ocean, the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic furnish their peculiar species. Among those of the former is the Dersh and the Klipflsh (Anarchicat), and the latter the Tunny, the Sardinia, and many others. The greater part of the fish consumed in Germany is, however, the produce of the rivers and lakes, which supply them in great abundance with eels, lampreys, trout, salmon, sturgeon, perch, pike, sal mon-trout, barbel, carp, craw-fish, and many others. With these various kinds, the markets in the cities are most profusely supplied.
The rearing of bees in the north, and especially in Lusatia, is productive of much honey and wax, which form important articles, both for domestic use and foreign trade.
The great production of Germany, as of every other European country, is grain of various kinds. Wheat, rye, maize, rice, barley, oats, beans,pease, and buck wheat, are the most important of these. In the south, more wheat than rye is grown ; but, in the north, the proportion of rye to wheat is eight to one. In the north, most oats are cultivated ; in the south, more barley. Maize and rice are peculiar to the south ; buck-wheat and pease are alike in every part.
• The productions arising from garden culture are very great. Potatoes are sometimes cultivated with the spade, sometimes with the plough ; but the in crease of their growth has been very rapid of late years, and probably furnishes as much human ali ment as grain. The cabbages of all the Brassica tribe receive much attention, and are raised in great quantities. Turnips are cultivated with little care merely as food for man, and are not extensive ly used for feeding cattle. The superior kinds of fruit are best in the middle and southern provin ces ; but, in the north, the apples, plums, and pears, are good and most abundant. The Pear main apple, which has spread through all the coun tries of Europe from Germany, is found in the high est perfection in Stettin, Bostock, and the Tyrol. Chesnuts and almonds are almost exclusively grown in the southern parts towards Illyria and the Tyrol ; and in the same vicinity the melons and other fruits, that in our climate and the north of Germany re quire artificial heat, are raised in the open air.
Vines were originally planted in Germany by the Romans. They are now cultivated successfully on the banks of the Rhine, the Maine, the Moselle, the Danube, the Mur, the Etach, and the Save, where they produce wine as highly esteemed as any in Eu rope. The most valued of all the wines is that on
the banks of the Rhine, known in England by the name of Old Hock, from the vineyards of Hockheim, where the best kind is made. The principal sorta, from the places of their growth, are denominated Johanisberg, Riidesheini, Hockheim, Markobrunn, and Lieb-frauenmilch. The next in value are the wines of Maine, called Leisten wine, Stein wine, and Steyer wine. The wines from the Danube are next in estimation, and to them succeed those from the Tyrol and the banks of the Moselle. The other wines near the lake of Constance, and in Bohemia, are much inferior ; and those produced near to Naumberg, Jena, and Meissen in Saxony, and to Zullichau in Silesia, are of very indifferent flavour, especially after a moist summer, and scarcely me. rit the name of wine, though, from their great abundance, they become very useful to the inhabit ants.
Neither the quantity nor the quality of the oil pro duced from olives in Germany is material ; it is con fined to a small district of the south. Great quanti ties of rape and linseed oil are expressed, and for the more common purposes, the oil of herrings, seals, and other aquatic animals, is very abundant.
The staple production of Germany is flax, which -is grown in almost every village, and is spun into yarn. The best is produced in Silesia, in Westpha lia, in Hanover in Brunswick, and in Bohemia ; but even these kinds do not attain a length or fineness of fibre equal to the flax of Flanders. Hemp is raised in Baden, Wirtemburg, Westphalia, Hesse Darmstadt, and Luneburg, but scarcely produces sufficient for the consumption of the country. To bacco has been long cultivated in Baden, on the Rhine, and near Magdeburg, and during the exist, ence of the French continental system, had been extended very much ; but the return of peace has checked its progress, and it will, in future, only be cultivated in those parts here mentioned, where, from long habit, it is become almost indigenous. Various roots have been cultivated for the produc tion of sugar during the continuance of that system, but they now scarcely deserve notice, as they are nearly abandoned. Woad, saffron, annise-seed, cum min-seed, hops, rhubarb, chamomile flowers, and Iceland-moss, are native and considerable produc tions. The forests of Germany, besides their abund ant supply of fuel to the inhabitants, furnish much wood, both for building houses and ships ; and if ever the water communication should be much ex tended, so as to bring the largest trees with facility to the shores of the ocean, they will become a most valuable source of wealth.