Timber covers an area about the size of Nebraska. Over 99% of it belongs to the Government and is administered by the bureau of forestry. The volume of the timber is about 192,000, 000,00o bd.ft., the output for 1926 was 1,140,664 cubic metres. A number of sawmills are in operation in various districts, some of them using water-power. The public forests are developed under a licence system. Among important forest products are nipa, alcohol, rattan, copal, dye-woods and bark, gutta percha and rubber, paper pulp, fibres, nuts, wax, honey and soap bark.
The domestic animals include bovine cattle, carabao, horses and mules, hogs, goats and sheep. The rinderpest campaign has had good results but more carabao are needed for the farm work.
Mineral Resources.—Among non-metallic substances are va rious abrasives (including corun dum), alum, bituminous rock (asphalt), cement, clay, coal, gypsum, lime, mica and talc, mineral waters, ochre, salt, sand and tl gravel, stone and sulphur. Some agate, opal and amethyst have been found and there are rather extensive but little worked guano and phosphate deposits. Of the above substances, coal is the most important. It is found principally on Batan island (Cebu), Cebu
island itself, Polillo, Mindanao, Mindoro and Masbate. Very little mining was done until after 1890. Since U.S. occupation, the de posits on Batan have been worked both by private enterprise and by the Government (to which the deposits now belong). The deposit in one field in Cebu is said to amount to at least 7,000,000 tons. Coal occurs in three states: semi-al thracite, sub-bituminous and lignite. Petroleum exists in seepages. The first mention of gas or petroleum was in 1890. Among the many mineral waters some are hot or with marked medicinal properties. Sulphur is found in or near the cone of volcanoes. Metallic minerals include chromite, copper, gold, iron, manganese, lead and zinc, molybdenite, silver and wolframite. There has been practically no production of cop per since U.S. occupation. The ILY-1-, principal deposit in the Man or a sh e dou o most of Gold the rAppo.,.........„ - rivers. Notable deposits are ,,----- , found in the Paracale region in .. Camannes Norte, near Baguio in O