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Childhood And Play Of
Childhood And Play Of Animals Real Childhood And Youth Are Found Only In Birds And Mammals. It Is The Period Of Life In Which Young Animals, While Moving Around And Forming Impressions More Or Less Independently, Still Enjoy The Protection Of Their Parents. It Is True That Young Mammals And ...

Christian Georgievich Rakovsky
Rakovsky, Christian Georgievich ), Russian Politician And Diplomat, Of Bulgarian Descent And Rumanian Nationality, Was Born On Aug. 13, 1873 At Kotel, Bul Garia. His Father's Home In The Dobruja Passed After The Russo Turkish War To Rumania, And The Family Became Rumanian. Ra Kovsky's Bulgarian Ancestors, Especially His Grandfather, ...

Comparative Psychology
Psychology, Comparative. This Article Deals With Comparative Psychology In Its Biological Aspects. The Aspect Of The Subject From The Pure Psychologist's Point Of View Will Be Found Under Comparative Psychology. In Everyday Life We Are Accustomed To Look Upon The Behaviour Of Animals In The Same Way As We Judge ...

Constantine Petrovich 1827 1907 Pobedonostsev
Pobedonostsev, Constantine Petrovich (1827-1907), Russian Jurist, State Official, And Writer On Philo Sophical And Literary Subjects. Born In Moscow In 1827, He Studied At The School Of Law In St. Petersburg, And Entered The Public Service As An Official In One Of The Moscow Departments Of The Senate. From 186o ...

Control
Control). After The Close Of Hostilities There Was A Flood Of Projects For The Rationing Among Nations Of The Available Stocks Of Raw Materials, And For The Working Out Of A Permanent Policy Of International Control. All These Projects Fell To The Ground Because Of The Inherent Difficulties Of The ...

Corpuscular Radiations
Corpuscular Radiations The More Detailed Properties Of The Different Classes Of Corpus Cular Rays Are Dealt With In Other Articles, Cited As Occasion Arises. What Is Here Given Is A General Review Of The Various Types Of Rays And Their Relationship To One Another. The Corpuscular Radiations May Be Divided ...

Correlation 32
Correlation 32. Regression.—the Importance Of Correlated Variation In Individuals Was Emphasized By Darwin, And The Correlation Of Deviations From The Average In Parents And In Offspring Must Have Long Been A Matter Of Common Observation, But It Was Francis Galton Who, In Papers Leading Up To His Natural In Heritance ...

Corrosive Poisons
Corrosive Poisons Symptoms.—these Produce Severe Symptoms Immediately They Are Taken—"a Burning Pain" In The Mouth, Throat And Oesophagus And Pain Referred From The Stomach And Intestines. Vomiting Occurs Quickly And The Vomit Contains Blood Which May Be Altered In Colour By The Action Of The Poison ; Often Also Shreds ...

Cytology
Cytology The Structure And Development Of The Vegetable Cell So Far As The Protoplasm And The Nucleus Are Concerned Are Considered In Their Broader Aspects In The Article Cytology. The Recognition Of The Fundamental Similarity Of The Cells Of Plants And Animals And The Identity In Structure And Functions Of ...

David Dixon 1813 1891 Porter
Porter, David Dixon (1813-1891), American Naval Officer, Son Of Capt. David Porter, Was Born In Chester (pa.), On June 8, 1813. His First Voyage, With His Father In West Indian Waters (1823-24), Was Terminated By The Fajardo Affair (see Porter, David). In April, 1826, He Entered The Mexican Navy, Of ...

David Porter
Porter, David (178o-1843), American Naval Officer, Was Born In Boston (mass.), On Feb. 1, 1780. His Father, David, And His Uncle, Samuel, Commanded American Ships In The War Of Independence. In 1796 He Accompanied His Father To The West Indies ; On A Second And On A Third Voyage He ...

Diagnosis And Treatment Of
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Poisoning Evidence Of Poisoning.—it Must Be Remembered That The Symptoms Of Poisoning May Be Closely Simulated By The Symptoms Of Natural Disease And The Greatest Care Must Be Taken Before A Diagnosis Of "poisoning Is Arrived At. For Example, The Symptoms Of Acute Arsenical Poisoning Closely ...

Dicotyledons
Dicotyledons Archichlamydeae.-(flowers Often Without A Perianth, Usually Polypetalous ; Pollination Entomophilous In The Lower Orders, Anemophilous In The Higher Orders.) Order I. Order 2. Piperales-piperaceae, Chloranthaceae. Order 1. Ericales--pyrolaceae, Ericaceae, Epacridaceae. Order 2. Primulales-myrsinaceae, Primulaceae. ...

Diseases Of The Potato
Diseases Of The Potato Potato Blight Or Late Blight.—this Is The Most Serious Of The Many Diseases To Which The Potato Is Heir. It Is Found In All The Potato Growing Countries And Causes More Damage To The Potato Than All The Other Diseases Combined ; It Is Caused By ...

Earl Of Portland
Portland, Earl Of, An English Title Held By The Family Of Weston From 1633 To 1688, And By The Family Of Bentinck From 1689 To 1716, When It Was Merged In That Of Duke Of Portland. Sir Richard Weston (1577-1635), According To Clarendon "a Gentleman Of Very Ancient Extraction By ...

Earls And Marquesses Of
Powis, Earls And Marquesses Of. Before The Norman Conquest The Welsh Principality Of Powis, Comprising The County Of Montgomery And Parts Of The Counties Of Bretknock, Radnor, Shropshire, Merioneth And Denbigh, Was Subject To The Princes Of North Wales. Early In The 12th Century It Was Divided Into Upper And ...

Economic Importance Of Plant
Economic Importance Of Plant Diseases The Number Of Known Plant Diseases Is Very Great, And Even If Those Occurring On Non-economic Plants Are Ignored, There Is Still A Large Residue. A Glance At The Disease Lists Of Economic Crops, Such As Are Published From Time To Time By Departments Of ...

Edgar 1803 1875 Quinet
Quinet, Edgar (1803-1875), French Historian And Man Of Letters, Was Born At Bourg-en-bresse (ain), On Feb. 17, 1803. His First Publication, The Tablettes Du Juif Errant, Appeared In 1823. He Obtained Considerable Credit From His Translation (1827) Of Herder's Philosophie Der Geschichte. At This Time He Met Michelet, And Also ...

Edgar Allan Poe
Poe, Edgar Allan American Poet And Critic, Cultivated The Literature Of Mystery, And Is Himself, To A Great Extent, A Mystery. His Work Owes Much To The Drift Of Romanticism (of Which He Is A Late Heir) Towards The Occult And The Satanic. It Owes Much Also To His Own ...

Edmund Jennings Randolph
Randolph, Edmund [jennings] American Statesman, Was Born On Aug. Io, 1753, At Tazewell Hall, Williamsburg, Va., The Family Seat Of His Grandfather, Sir John Randolph (1693-1737), And His Father, John Randolph (1727-84), Who (like His Uncle Peyton Randolph) Were King's Attorneys For Virginia. Edmund Graduated At The College Of William ...

Edward 1604 1691 Pococke
Pococke, Edward (1604-1691), English Orientalist And Biblical Scholar, The Son Of A Berkshire Clergyman, Was Edu Cated At The Free School Of Thame In Oxfordshire And At Corpus Christi College, Oxford Of Which He Became A Fellow In 1628. He Discovered In A Bodleian Ms. The Missing Syraic Versions Of ...

Edward Bouverie Pusey
Pusey, Edward Bouverie English Divine, Was Born At Pusey Near Oxford On Aug. 22, 1800, The Son Of Philip Bouverie, Who Took The Name Of Pusey On Succeeding To The Manor Of That Name. Edward Pusey Was Educated At Eton And At Christ Church, Oxford, And Became A Fellow Of ...

Electrification
Electrification The Last Decade Of The 19th Century Saw The Commencement Of Electric Traction On Railways And Very Considerable Progress With Railway Electrification Was Made During The First Twenty Years Of The 2oth Century, Both In Europe And In The United States. Electrification For Railway Purposes Possesses Many Advantages, Amongst ...

Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation Considerations Of Electromagnetic Radiations Are Involved In Nearly Every Branch Of Modern Physics, And Various Aspects Of The Subject Are Treated In Separate Articles, Notably Electricity; Light ; Quantum Theory ; X-rays, Nature Of : Röntgen Rays; Spectroscopy; Electric Waves; Wireless Telegraphy. The Biological Effects Of Radiation Are ...

Emilio 1891 Portesgil
Portes Gil, Emilio (1891- ), Mexican Statesman And Provisional President (dec. I, 1928, To Feb. 5, 193o), Was Born At Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, On Oct. 3o, 1891. He Studied In The Law School Of The National University And Was Graduated In 1915 At The Peak Of Revolutionary Disorders. He Took ...

Endymion Porter
Porter, Endymion English Royalist, Born At Aston-sub-edge In Gloucestershire, Was Brought Up In Spain-where He Had Relatives-as Page In The Household Of Olivares. He Afterwards Entered Successively The Service Of Edward Villiers And Of Buckingham, And Through The Latter's Recommendation Became Groom Of The Bedchamber To Charles I., Who Employed ...

Ernst Plener
Plener, Ernst, Freiherr Von (1841-1923), Austrian Politician, Was Born On Oct. 18, 1841, At Cheb In Bohemia, The Son Of The Austrian Statesman Ignaz Von Plener (1810-1908). From 1888 Onwards He Was The Acknowledged Head Of The Ger Man Liberals In Their Struggles Against The Slav-conservative Majority In The Chamber. ...

European Porcelain To End
European Porcelain To End Of 18th Century From The Time Of Its First Appearance In Europe, At The Latest In The 15th Century, Chinese Porcelain Was Regarded By Potters As In The Highest Degree Woi Thy Of Imitation. Admiration For Its Whiteness Led To The Use Of A White Enamel ...

European Pottery To End
European Pottery To End Of 18th Century Byzantine.—the Eastern Empire With Its Capital At Con Stantinople Was The Channel Through Which, After The Downfall Of Roman Civilisation In The West, The Art And Culture Of The East Was Communicated To Europe, And The Artistic Ancestry Of Later European Pottery Is ...

Exarchate Of Ravenna
Ravenna, Exarchate Of, The Official Name Of That Part Of Italy Which Remained , The Allegiance Of The Roman Emperors At Constantinople From The Closing Years Of The 6th To The Middle Of The 8th Century. The Civil And Military Head Of These Possessions, The Exarch (q.v.), Was Stationed At ...

Experience
Experience The Problem.—the Desire To Know "what Is Going On In The Mind" Is Natural And Legitimate. So Far From Being One That The Psychologist May Ignore, It Is Precisely That Which He Is Called Upon To Meet. The Challenge Of Those Who Deny The Feasibility Of The Venture,. Hardly ...

Factor
Factor. The Obligations Of The Principal To The Agent Are : To Pay The Agent's Remuneration, Or, As It Is Often Called, Commission, The Amount Of Which May Be Fixed By Contract Or Usage ; To Repay All Advances Made By The Agent In The Regular Course Of His Employ ...

Felix 1810 1889 Pyat
Pyat, Felix (1810-1889), French Communard, Was Born At Vierzon (cher) On Oct. 4, 181o, The Son Of A Legitimist Lawyer. Called To The Bar In Paris In 1831, He Threw His Whole Energies Into Journalism. The Violent Personalities Of A Pamphlet Entitled Marie Joseph Chenier Et Le Prince Des Critiques ...

Fertilization
Fertilization We Understand By Fertilization (q.v.) The Fusion Of Two Cells And Nuclei Which Are Unequal, Being Differentiated Sexually Into Male And Female. The Two Cells That Fuse Together Are Called Gametes, The Product Of Their Fusion The Zygote. In The Higher Animals The Gametes Are Called Eggs And Sperm ...

Fitzroy James Henry Somerset
Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, I St Baron ( I 788-1855), British Field Marshal, Was The Eighth And Youngest Son Of Henry, 5th Duke Of Beaufort, By Elizabeth Boscawen, And Was Born On Sept. 3o, 1788. Lord Fitzroy Somerset Was Educated At Westminster School, And Entered The Army In 1804. ...

Francis Ii
Francis Ii., Prince Of Transylvania (1676-1735), Was Born At Borsi, Zemplen, On March 2, 1676. Having Lost His Father During Infancy, He Was Educated Under The Guardianship Of His Mother, Helen Zrinyi, In An Ultra-patriotic Magyar Environment, Though The Emperor Leopold I. Claimed A Share In His Tutelage. In 1682 ...

Francisco Gomez De Quevedo
Quevedo Y Villegas, Francisco Gomez De Spanish Satirist And Poet, Was Born At Madrid, And Was Educated At The University Of Alcala. At 21 He Was In Correspondence With Justus Lipsius On Questions Of Greek And Latin Literature. He Betook Himself To The Court Where The Cynical Greed Of Ministers, ...

Francois 6 Quesnay
Quesnay, Francois ( 6 ,144-1774), French Economist, Was Born At Mere, Near Paris, On June 4, 1694, The Son Of An Advocate And Small Landed Proprietor. He Studied Surgery At Paris, Where He Qualified As A Surgeon, And In 1737 He Was Ap Pointed Perpetual Secretary Of The Academy Of ...

Frequency Distribution Of Errors 14
Frequency-distribution Of Errors 14. Frequency-distribution And Frequency-polygon. Suppose That, When An Event Happens, It May Happen In Either Of Two Ways, Which, In G. U. Yule's Notation, We Will Call A And A; So That A Is An Abbreviation For " Not-a." Let The Event Happen N Times, And Let ...

Friedrich August Raschig
Raschig, Friedrich August Ger Man Chemist, Was Born At Brandenburg On June 8, 1863. He Studied At Berlin And Heidelberg, And Became Assistant In The Chemical Laboratories At The University Of Berlin (1885-87). He Became Chemist To The Badische Anilin And Soda Fabrik In 1887, And In 1891 Started A ...

From Baroque To Classicism
From Baroque To Classicism The Age Of Baroque.—the 17th Century, Although A Period Of Wars And Invasions, Is Rich In Literary Production. Italian Models, With All The Extravagance Of The Seicento Manner, Give To 17th Century Polish Literature, Variety And Colour, But At The Expense Of Unity And Moral Elevation. ...

Gaseous Poisons
Gaseous Poisons These Include The Following : Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.—this Occurs From Coal Gas, Water Gas Or Exposure To The Suffocating Fumes From Fires, Smoky Grates, Stoves, Or Lamps; Also From The Fumes From Geysers. The Diagnosis May Be Made At Once By The Clinical Symptoms Of Drowsiness, Collapse And ...

General Metabolism Of The
General Metabolism Of The Plant The Term Metabolism Is Applied To The Whole Complex Of Chemi Cal Changes Going On In The Plant, The Building Up Of More Com Plex Organic Substances From Simpler Ones Being Spoken Of As Anabolism, And The Breaking Down Of Complex To Simpler Ones Being ...