Judicial Committee Of Privy
Privy Council, Judicial Committee Of. By The 19th Century It Had Become Apparent That The Jurisdic Tion Of The "king In Council," Wielded Upon A Wider And Wider Scale, Must Be Regularized. In The Year 1833 The Judicial Com Mittee Of The Privy Council, The Present Body, Was Constituted By ...
Jules Etienne Joseph Quicherat
Quicherat, Jules Etienne Joseph ( 1814— 1882), French Historian And Archaeologist, Was Of Burgundian Origin. His Father, A Working Cabinet-maker, Came From Paray Le Monial To Paris Where Quicherat Was Born On Oct. 13, 1814. He Was Educated At The College Of Ste. Barbe And At The Ecole Des Chartes. ...
Jules Henri Poincare
Poincare, Jules Henri ( ,1_54-1912), French Mathe Matician, Was Born At Nancy, On April 29, 1854. He Studied At The Ecole Polytechnique, Devoting Himself To Scientific Mining, And Took His Degree In 1879. He Was Lecturer At Caen And Then Was Transferred To The University Of Paris In 1881, Lecturing ...
Julius 1801 1868 Plucker
Plucker, Julius (1801-1868), German Mathematician And Physicist, Was Born At Elberfeld On June 16, 1801. After Studying At The Universities Of Bonn, Heidelberg And Berlin He Went In 1823 To Paris, Where He Came Under The Influence Of The Great School Of French Geometers, Whose Founder, Gaspard Monge, Had Only ...
Karl Heinrich Rau
Rau, Karl Heinrich (1792-187o), German Political Economist, Was Born On Nov. 29, 1792, At Erlangen, Where He Studied At The University, Of Which He Subsequently Became A Professor (1818). In 1822 He Was Called To The Chair Of Political Economy At Heidelberg Where The Rest Of His Life Was Spent ...
Karl Radek
Radek, Karl ), Russian Politician, Was Born In Lvov (austrian Poland) And Educated At The Universities Of Cracow And Berne. In 1904 He Became A Member Of The Social Democratic Party Of Poland And Lithuania. During The Revolution Of 1905 He Spent A Year In Prison, And Subsequently Became A ...
Labour Law
Labour Law.) Port Sanitary Administration.—port Sanitary Authorities Are Constituted By Order Of The Ministry Of Health. They Carry Out Duties Imposed By The Regulations Relating To Cholera, Plague And Yellow Fever And Other "quarantine" Work According To The System Of International Sanitary Conventions To Which This Coun Try Is Party; ...
Lariales Or Diatoms
Lariales Or Diatoms, A Group Of Minute, Brown Plants Sometimes Classed With The Algae; And The Fungi And Bacteria, Which Are Colourless Parasitic Or Saprophytic Plants Probably Derived By Reduction From Alga-like Ancestors. To All These Groups Special Articles Are Devoted, And Also To The Lichens, Which Are A Peculiar ...
Leonidas 1806 1864 Polk
Polk, Leonidas (1806-1864), American General, Was Born At Raleigh, N.c., On April Io, 1806. He Was Educated At West Point, But Afterwards Studied Theology And Took Orders In The Protestant Episcopal Church In 1831. In 1838 He Became Mis Sionary Bishop Of The South-west, Including Arkansas, Indian Ter Ritory, Louisiana, ...
Leopold Von 795 1886ranke
Ranke, Leopold Von ( 795-1886) , German Historian, Was Born On Dec. 20 Or 21, 1795, At Wiehe, In Thuringia. He Studied Classics And Theology At Halle And Berlin. In 1818 He Began To Teach History In A School At Frankfort-on-the-oder, Thereby Entering The Service Of The Prussian Government. With ...
Life Cycles Alternation Of Generations
Life-cycles: Alternation Of Generations The Successive Stages Of Development Of A Higher Animal Such As A Bird Can Be Looked Upon As A Cycle ; If We Begin With The Fertilized Egg The Embryo Follows, Then The Young Animal, Then The Mature Animal That Again Produces Eggs ; The Cycle ...
Louise De Keroualle Portsmouth
Portsmouth, Louise De Keroualle, Duchess Of (1649-1734), Mistress Of The English King Charles Ii., Was Placed Early In Life In The Household Of Henriette, Duchess Of Orleans, Sister Of Charles Ii. In 1670 She Accompanied The Duchess On A Visit To Charles Ii. At Dover. The King Placed Her Among ...
Lower Primates
Lower Primates The Tree-shrews.—the Tree-shrews (tupaiidae) Are Generally Classed As Insectivora (q.v.) But They Are Related To Primates In Many Anatomical Details. The Pen-tailed Tree-shrew (ptilocercus) Of Borneo Is A Mouse-like Arboreal Animal. Its Hands And Feet Are Five-toed And Provided With Claws, The Thumb And Great Toe Some What ...
Lyon Playfair Playfair
Playfair, Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron 1898), Was Born At Chunar, Bengal Province, On May 21, And Educated At St. Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh, University College, London, And Under Liebig At Giessen, Where He Took His Doctor's Degree. Playfair Translated Into English Liebig's Chem Istry Of Agriculture. From 1841-42, He Was Chemical ...
Mahadeo Govind Ranade
Ranade, Mahadeo Govind Indian Lawyer, Reformer And Author, Was Born On Jan. 16, 1842, At Niphad, In Nasik District, Of A Chitpavan Brahman Family. When His Father Was Minister At Kolhapur He Attended The Anglo Vernacular School In That Town, And Joined The Elphinstone Institute In Bombay At The Age ...
Maharaja 1780 1839 Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh, Maharaja (1780-1839), Native Indian Ruler, Was Born On Nov. 2, 178o, The Son Of Sirdar Mahan Singh, Whom He Succeeded In 1792 As Head Of The Sukarchakia Branch Of The Sikh Confederacy. By Birth He Was Only One Of Many Sikh Barons And Owed His Rapid Rise Entirely ...
Marcel 1871 1922 Proust
Proust, Marcel (1871-1922), French Man Of Letters, Was Born In Paris On July So, 1871. His Father Was A Professor Of Medicine, And His Mother Was Of Jewish Extraction. He Was Edu Cated At The Lycee Condorcet, And About 1892 He Was For Some Time Associated With Leon Blum, Louis ...
Marco Polo
Polo, Marco (c. 1254-1324), Venetian Traveller, Was Grandson Of Andrea Polo Of San Felice, And Son Of Nicolo Polo. The Three Polos Were Presumably "noble," For Marco The Traveller Is Officially So Styled (nobilis Vir). The Three Sons Of Andrea Polo Were Engaged In Commerce ; The Eldest Suggests, By ...
Marquise De 1588 1665
Marquise De (1588-1665), French Salonniere, Was The Daughter And Heiress Of Jean De Vivonne, Marquis Of Pisani, And Giulia Savelli. She Was Married At Twelve To Charles D'angennes, Vi Dame Of Le Mans, And Afterwards Marquis Of Rambouillet. The Young Marquise Found The Coarseness And Intrigue That Then Reigned In ...
Matthew 1664 1721 Prior
Prior, Matthew (1664-1721) , English Poet And Diplo Matist, Was The Son Of A Nonconformist Joiner At Wimborne Minster, East Dorset, And Was Born On July 21, 1664. His Father Moved To London, And Sent Him To Westminster, Where He Was Enabled By The Earl Of Dorset To Continue His ...
Maurice 1875 1937 Ravel
Ravel, Maurice (1875-1937), French Musical Corn Poser, Was Born At Ciboure, Near St. Jean De Luz, Basses Pyrenees, March 7, 1875. He Was The Most Outstanding Figure In Modern French Music. More Than That, He Held An Assured Place In That Line Of Composers Beginning With The Clavecinistes Of The ...
Mechanical Power Transmission
Power Transmission, Mechanical Mechanical Transmission Of Power Is Effected Generally By Means Of Belts Or Ropes, By Shafts Or By Wheel Gearing And Chains. Each Individual Method May Be Used Separately Or In Combination. The Problems Involved In The Design Arrangement Of The Nisms For The Mechanical Distribution Of Power ...
Mensuration
Mensuration). (ii.) If We Want To Find The Most Probable Values Of The Con Stants, The Problem Becomes One Of Inverse Probability, And We Have To Make Some Assumption As To The A Priori Probabilities Of Different Values Of The Constants. When The Number Of Indi Viduals Is Large, This ...
Ment S Radiometer
Ment. (s. Radiometer, An Instrument For Measuring The Intensity Of The Radiant Energy Of Rarefied Gases. It Was Noticed By Fresnel That A Body Delicately Suspended In Vacuo Is Apparently Repelled By Radiation. Sir W. Crookes Was The First To Make Systematic Experiments; He Found That A Light Vane Blackened ...
Metadiazines Or Miazines Pyrimidines
Pyrimidines, Metadiazines Or Miazines, A Series Of Nitrogenous Organic Substances Which Play An Important Part In Physiological Processes. They Possess A Cyclic Structure As Shown In The Formula (iii.) Of Pyrimidine Itself, And The Group Includes Cyclic Urea Derivatives (ureides) And Also Compounds Of The Uric Acid Or Purine Group. ...
Method Of Studying Plant
Method Of Studying Plant Disease Though The Investigation Of A Plant Disease Is A Matter For The Specialist, A Short Account Of The Methods Adopted Will Serve To Indicate The Type Of Problems Encountered. The Parasitic Type Of Disease Is In Practice The One Most Frequently Met With, And There ...
Methods Of Controlling Plant
Methods Of Controlling Plant Disease The Checking Of A Plant Disease, So That If Not Actually Elim Inated It Is Reduced To Manageable Proportions, Is Spoken Of As Its "control." This May Be Complete Or Partial. The Methods Of Control May Be Divided Into Two Main Groups, First Those Which ...
Michael Constantine Psellus
Psellus, Michael Constantine "the Younger," (i0i8—c. 1079), Byzantine Writer, Was Born At Nicomedia, Or Constantinople, Of A Consular And Patrician Family. Under Con Stantine Monomachus (1042-1054) He Became One Of The Most Influential Men In The Empire. As Professor Of Philosophy At Constantinople He Revived The Cult Of Plato At ...
Miguel Primo De Rivera
Primo De Rivera, Miguel Spanish Soldier And Statesman, Known As The Marquis De Estella, Was Born At Jerez De La Frontera Jan. 8, 187o, And Studied At The Madrid Military Academy. After Four Years In Toledo He Was Ordered To Morocco In 1893 As Lieutenant Of The Infantry Regiment Of ...
Modern Ceramic Techniques
Modern Ceramic Techniques By Ceramics Is Meant All Production Of Which The Final Result Is Baked Clay In Different Grades Of Hardness And Purity. Composition Of European Hard Porcelain Has Remained About The Same Since The 28th Century. The Ingredients Consist Of The Plastic Material, Kaolin, And The Non-plastic Quartz ...
Modern Continental
Modern Continental At The End Of The 29th Century The Movement In The Domain Of The Applied Arts, With Which The Names Of Ruskin, William Morris, Walter Crane And Their Fellow-artists Are Connected, Wrought A Great Change. At First This Tendency Scrupulously Supported The Preservation Of The Methods Of Handicraft, ...
Modern Developments In British
Modern Developments In British Poetry This Note Purports Only To Deal With The Principal Developments Of British Verse In The Loth Century. The Difficulty, However, Is To Decide When That Century Began. We Cannot, Unhappily, For This Purpose Permit The Composers Of Almanacs To Settle The Question. Something More Subtle ...
Modern Provencal Literature
Modern Provencal Literature' Provencal Literature Never Died Out Entirely. The Academy Of Toulouse, Founded In 1324, Was Flourishing In The 14th Century, And, After Many Vicissitudes, Is Flourishing Still. The Poets Crowned By This Body Between 1324 And 1498 Stand In The Same Relation To The Troubadours As The Meistersinger ...
Monocotyledons
Monocotyledons Order I. Pandanales-(marsh Herbs Or Shrubs Or Trees With Large Narrow Leaves And Compound Heads Or Spikes Of Flowers. Seeds Rich In Endosperm.) Typhaceae, Pandanaceae, Sparga Niaceae. Order 8. Or Sometimes Grass-like In Habit, Flowers Cyclic, Hermaphrodite Or Unisexual, Androecium Often Reduced, Ovary Usually Orthotropous, Endosperm Mealy.) Bronzeliaceae, Commelinaceae, ...
Morphology Of Plants
Morphology Of Plants The Morphology Of Plants Consists In Their Comparative Study From The Point Of View Of Form. It Treats Not Only Of The External Contour Of The Plant-body, External Morphology; But Also Of The Internal Contours Of The Constituent Tissues, As Revealed By Ana Tomical Study, The Morphology ...
Movement Of Water In
Movement Of Water In The Plant Body The Water That Enters The Plant From The Soil Ultimately Escapes From The Leaf Surface Passing Through The Stomatal Pores In The Form Of Water Vapour. The Question Arises As To The Path Taken By This Water. It Has Been Known A Long ...
Narbonne 1143 1192
Narbonne (1143-1192), Bernart De Ventadour, Peire Rogier, Peire D'alvernha ; Raimon V., Count Of Toulouse Bernart De Ventadour, Peire Rogier, Peire Raimon, Hugh Brunet, Peire Vidal, Folquet Of Marseilles, Bernart De Durfort; Raimon Vi., Count Of Toulouse (1194-1222) , Raimon De Miraval, Aimeric De Pegulhan, Aimeric De Belenoi, Ademar Lo ...
Nathanael Pringsheim
Pringsheim, Nathanael German Botanist, Was Born At Wziesko In Silesia, On Nov. 3o, 1823. He Studied At The Universities Of Breslau, Leipzig, And Berlin, Gradu Ated In 1848 As Doctor Of Philosophy With The Thesis De Forma Et Increment° Stratorum Crassiorum In Plantarum Cellula, And Rapidly Became A Leader In ...
National Prohibition Introduced
National Prohibition Introduced Influence Behind National Prohibition.—nation-wide Pro Hibition Came With Surprising Suddenness. It Was Greatly Accel Erated But Not Caused By The World War. It Had A Long Natural History. For More Than A Century Temperance Reform Had Been A Growing Moral Issue. Its Legislative History Dated Back Nearly ...
Nature Of Disease Physiology
Nature Of Disease; Physiology Of Parasitism The Discussion Under This Heading Will Be Confined Almost Wholly To Diseases Of Parasitic Nature. The Problems Presented In Parasitic Disease Are Simpler Inasmuch As The Interactions Of Parasite And Host Plant Can Be Studied Under The Microscope, And To A Certain Extent At ...
Nature Of X Rays
X-rays, Nature Of: Röntgen Rays), In The Region Noted, And Hol Weck's Experiments Have Shown In Addition A Continuous, Or Non Characteristic, Radiation From 25 Volts To 28o Volts (x =5oo A.u. To X=44 A.u.). Typical Characteristic Lines, For Which Concordant Results Have Been Obtained By Several Different Workers, Occur, ...
New Quantum Theory
New Quantum Theory So Far We Have Been Describing A Theory Which, Broadly Speaking, Consists Of Two Not Very Coherent Parts, Namely, Ein Stein's Light-quantum Theory And The Theory Based On Stationary States And Bohr's Postulate. Although As We Have Seen, It Has Been Very Successful, It Does Suffer From ...
New World Monkeys
New World Monkeys The American Monkeys Are Differentiated From Those Of The Old World By The Widely Separated Nostrils Facing Laterally, Whence The Name "platyrrhine" (flat-nosed). The Head Is Rounded With Relatively Small Jaws And The Ears Lack The Pointed Tip Common In Old World Monkeys. The Buttocks Do Not ...
Niccola Porpora
Porpora, Niccola [or Niccolo] Antonio 1767), Italian Operatic Composer And Teacher Of Singing, Was Born In Naples On Aug. 19, 1686. His First Opera, Basilio, Was Pro Duced At Naples; His Second, Berenice, At Rome. Both Were Suc Cessful, And He Followed Them Up By Innumerable Compositions Of Like Character; ...
Nicolas 1594 1665 Poussin
Poussin, Nicolas (1594-1665), French Painter, Was Born At Les Andelys (eure) In June 1594. He Learned Painting Under Quentin Varin, A Local Painter, Till He Went To Paris, Where He Entered The Studio Of Ferdinand Elle, A Fleming, And Then Of The Lorrainer L'allemand. He Improved Himself By Studying Prints ...
Nikolai Mikhail Ovich 1839 1888
Prjevalsky [przhevalsky], Nikolai Mikhail Ovich (1839-1888), Russian Traveller, Born At Kimbory, In The Government Of Smolensk, On March 31, 1839. He Was Educated At The Smolensk Gymnasium, And In 1855 Became A Subaltern In An Infantry Regiment. In 1856 He Became An Officer, And Four Years Later He Entered The ...
Nineteenth Century European Pottery
Nineteenth Century European Pottery And Porcelain The Period Of The Napoleonic Wars Marks A Definite Break With The Older Traditions Of Craftsmanship: European Civilization Emerged Impoverished And Found The Industrial Revolution Com Plete. In The More Pretentious Wares, The Empire Style Was A Pompous And Frigid Continuation Of The Neo-classical, ...
Old World Monkeys
Old World Monkeys The Old World Or Catarrhine Division Comprises Three Families : Monkeys, Apes And Man. The First Of These, The Cercopithecidae Or Tailed Monkeys, Distinguished From The American Monkeys By The Features Mentioned Above, Are Subdivided Into Two Sub Families, First, Cercopithecinae, Including The Macaques, Baboons, Mangabeys And ...
Or Vi Filicales
Vi. Filicales, Or Ferns ; These Comprise Not Only The Living Ferns, With About I 5o Gen Era And Over 6,000 Species, But Also A Rich Sequence Of Fossils, From The Palaeozoic Coenopteridaceae To The Most Recent Strata. I. Psilophytales.—this New Class Of Plants Was Constituted By Kidston And Lang ...