Romany Language
Romany Language. The Strongest Proof That The Gypsies Came Originally From India Is Found In Their Language. For All Its Dialects Are Clearly Indo-aryan, That Is To Say, Modifica Tions Of The Language From Which Have Sprung All The Aryan Languages Of Modern India And Ceylon, And Of Which Sanskrit, ...
Rome
Rome, A City Of Oneida County, New York, U.s.a., 15 M. N.w. Of Utica, On The Mohawk River, Wood Creek And The State Barge Canal; Served By The New York Central And The New York, Ontario And Western Railways. Pop. (1920 26,341 (20% Foreign-born White) ; 1930 Federal Census 32,338. ...
Rome
Rome, The Capital Of The Kingdom Of Italy, Lies On The Tiber River, 17m. North-east From Its Mouth On The Mediterranean. It Was The Capital Of The Ancient Roman Republic And Of The Roman Empire And Became Very Early The Headquarters Of The Christian Church. With A Longer Record Of ...
Romulus
Romulus, The Son Of Mars By The Vestal Rhea Silvia Or Ilia, Daughter Of Numitor, Who Had Been Dispossessed Of The Throne Of Alba By His Younger Brother Amulius. Romulus And Remus, The Twin Sons Of Silvia, Were Placed In A Trough And Cast Into The Tiber By Their Grand-uncle. ...
Rondeau
Rondeau, A Structural Form In Poetry And (in The Form Of "rondo") In Music. In Poetry The Rondeau Is A Short Metrical Structure Which In Its Perfect Form Consists Of 13 Eight- Or Ten Syllabled Verses Divided Into Three Strophes Of Unequal Length, And Knit Together By Two Rhymes And ...
Rondel
Rondel, A Form Of Verse Closely Allied To The Rondeau (q.v.) But Distinguished From It By Containing 14 Instead Of 13 Lines, And By Demanding A Slightly Different Arrangement Of Rhymes. The Initial Couplet Is Repeated In The Middle And Again At The Close. The Arrangement Of Rhymes Is As ...
Rondo
Rondo, A Musical Form Originally Derived From The Rondel In Verse; As May Be Seen, Long Before The Development Of Instru Mental Forms, In Some Of The Chansons Of Orlando Di Lasso. The Rondeau En Couplets Of Couperin And His Contemporaries Shows The Same Connection With Verse. It Consists Of ...
Roofs
Roofs. A Roof Is The Covering Of A Structure. Its Chief Pur Pose Is To Enclose The Upper Parts Of A Building As A Protection Against Wind, Rain And Snow; In Communities Of Dwellings, Domes Tic Buildings, Industrial And Commercial Structures, Fire-resistance Is A Necessary Property Of Roofing. Roofs May ...
Roosevelt As President
Roosevelt As President President Mckinley Was Shot In Buffalo On Sept. 6, 190i, And Died Sept. 14. On The Same Day Theodore Roosevelt Took The Oath As President Of The United States. His Sudden Accession To Power Caused A Flutter Of Apprehension In The Ranks Of What Was Known As ...
Root
Root. In The Ancient Arithmetike (icpc0arruci7),—the Theory Of Numbers Of The Greeks—the Numbers Considered Were Primarily Integers. A Square Number Was Therefore An Integer That Had Two Equal Integral Factors; For Example, 9 Was A Square Number, The Product Of The Two Equal Factors 3 And 3. These Factors Repre ...
Root
Root, In Popular Use, The Part Of A Plant Which Is Normally Below The Surface Of The Earth. Botanically Its Application Is More Restricted. The Embryo Of A Typical Plant, For Instance A Pea Plant, Has An Ascending Axis Which Grows Into The Shoot, And A Descend Ing Axis Or ...
Rope And
Rope And Rope Is Made Of Animal Or Vegetable Fibres And Of Metallic Wires. Fibre Rope Alone Will Be Considered Here. (see Wire Rope.) "cordage" Is A Term Ap Plied Generally To Yarns, Twines, Ropes And Cables But Refers Specifically To "rope" In The Industry. Fibre Rope Is Cordage Of ...
Ropeways And Cableways
Ropeways And Cableways. The Aerial Ropeway Is Essentially An Intermittent Handling Device And May Be Defined As That Method Of Handling Materials Which Consist Of Drawing Receptacles—such As Buckets Or Skips—suspended From Ropes And By Means Of Ropes, From Place To Place, Such Receptacles Being Manually Or Automatically Filled And ...
Rosaceae
Rosaceae, In Botany, A Large Cosmopolitan Family Of Seed Bearing Plants Which Belong To The Series Rosales Of Dicoty Ledons And Containing About Roo Genera With 2,000 Species. The Plants Vary Widely In Manner Of Growth. Many Are Herbaceous, Growing Erect, As Geum, Or With Slender Creeping Stem, As In ...
Rosario
Rosario, A City And River Port Of Argentina, In The Province Of Santa Fe, On The West Bank Of The Parana, 186 M. By Rail N.w. Of Buenos Aires. Pop. (1934, Estimate) Soo,o00. It Ranks Next To Buenos Aires In Size And In Trade. It Is Accessible To Ocean Going ...
Rosary
Rosary, A Popular Devotion Of The Roman Catholic Church, Consisting Of Is Paternosters And Glorias And I5o Ayes. The Word Also Denotes The Chaplet Of Beads For Counting The Prayers. It Is Divided Into Three Parts, Each Containing Five Decades, A Decade Comprising 1 Pater, 1 O Ayes And A ...
Roscommon
Roscommon, A County Of Ireland In The Province Of Con Naught, Bounded North-east By Leitrim, North-west By Sligo, West By Mayo, West And South By Galway, East By Longford And East And South By Westmeath And Offaly County. The Area Is 629,633 Ac., Or About 985 Sq.m. Pop. (1926) 83,504. ...
Rose
Rose, The Name Of A Distinguished Family Of German Chemists. Valentine Rose The Elder Was Born On Aug. 16, 1736 At Neu Ruppin, And Died On April 28, 1771 At Berlin, Where He Was An Apothecary And, For A Short Time, Assessor Of The Ober Collegium Medicum. He Was The ...
Rose Window Or Wheel
Rose Window Or Wheel Window, In Architecture, A Term Applied To Any Decorated, Circular Window. Undecorated Circular Windows Are Found In Certain Imperial Roman Structures, Used Especially In The Upper Portions Of Rooms Or Pierced Through Vaults, As In The Tomb Of The Time Of Hadrian Known As The Casale ...
Rosette
Rosette, An Ornament, Usually Circular, Oval Or Polygonal, Formed By A Series Of Petals Or Leaves Radiating From The Centre And Symmetrically Disposed. The Form Undoubtedly Originated As An Attempt To Represent, Systematically, The Corolla Of An Open Flower. Egyptian Rosettes Were Thus, Probably, Representations Of The Open Lotus. In ...
Rosewood
Rosewood, The Name Given To Several Distinct Kinds Of Ornamental Timber. That, However, So Called In The United King Dom Is Brazilian Rosewood, The Palissandre Of The French, The Finest Qualities Of Which, Coming From The Provinces Of Rio De Janeiro And Bahia, Are Believed To Be The Produce Principally ...
Rosin Or Colophony
Rosin Or Colophony, The Resinous Constituent Of The Oleo-resin Exuded By Various Species Of Pine, Known In Commerce As Crude Turpentine. The Separation Of The Oleo-resin Into The Essential Oil-spirit Of Turpentine And Common Rosin Is Effected By Distillation In Large Stills. Rosin (a Later Variant Of "resin," Q.v.), Varies ...
Ross And Cromarty
Ross And Cromarty, Northern County, Scotland. The Mainland Portion Is Bounded North By Sutherland And Dornoch Firth, East By The North Sea And Moray Firth, South By Beauly Firth And Inverness-shire And West By The Strait Of The Minch. The Island Portion (for Details See Hebrides) Consists Of The Northern ...
Rossbach
Rossbach, A Village Of Prussian Saxony In The District Of Merseburg, 8 M. S.w. Of That Place And N.w. Of Weissenfels, Famous As The Scene Of Frederick The Great's Victory Over The Allied French And The Army Of The Empire On Nov. 5, 1757. For The Events Preceding The Battle ...
Rostock
Rostock, A Town Of Germany, Situated In The Land Of Mecklenburg, One Of The Most Important Commercial Cities On The Baltic. It Is Situated On The Estuary Of The Warnow, 8 M. From The Port Of Warnemiinde On The Baltic, 177 M. N.w. Of Berlin By Rail, 8o M. E.n.e. ...
Rostock_2
Rostock, A Town Of Germany, Situated In The Land Of Mecklenburg, One Of The Most Important Commercial Cities On The Baltic. It Is Situated On The Estuary Of The Warnow, 8 M. From The Port Of Warnemiinde On The Baltic, 177 M. N.w. Of Berlin By Rail, 8o M. E.n.e. ...
Rostra
Rostra ("beaks"), In Roman Antiquities, The Orators' Plat Form Which Stood In Rome Between The Comitium And The Forum, Opposite The Curia. In 338 B.c. It Was Decorated By Gaius Maenius With The Prows Of Ships Captured From The People Of Antium. From That Time It Was Called Rostra, Having ...
Rotary Club
Rotary Club, A Local Organization Of Business Men Founded For The Purpose Of Furthering Business Service And Foster Ing Social Relations. The First Rotary Was Founded In The City Of Chicago, Ill., On Feb. 23, 1905, By A Lawyer, Paul P. Harris. The Members Met In Rotation At The Offices ...
Rotary Engine
Rotary Engine. A Type Of Steam Engine In Which The Use Of Reciprocating Parts Is Avoided With The Object Of Saving The Energy Wasted In Converting Reciprocal Or To-and-fro Move Ment Into Rotary Movement. The Rotary Principle Has Never Had Any Practical Success In Competing With The Smaller Recipro Cating ...
Rotation Of Crops
Rotation Of Crops. Rotation Of Crops Cannot Be Planned And Executed Successfully Without, At The Same Time, Giving Consideration To All Other Factors Affecting Successful Farm Ing. These Are: (i) The Crops And Live Stock That Are Naturally And Economically Adapted To The Locality; (2) The Type Of Farming Best ...
Rothamsted Experimental Station
Rothamsted Experimental Station, An In Stitution Founded By J. B. Lawes (1816-1900) In 1843 On His Estate Of Rothamsted, An Ancient Manor At Harpenden, England. Coming Early (1834) Into Possession, He Began About 1838 To Try The Effects Of Various Substances On Plant Growth. Among Others He Used Bone Meal, ...
Rothesay
Rothesay, Royal, Municipal And Police Burgh, And The Chief Town Of The County And Island Of Bute, Scotland. Pop. (1930 9,346. It Is Situated On A Beautiful Bay, 4o M. S.w. Of Glasgow, With Which There Is Regular Communication By Steamers From Wemyss Bay, Gourock, Greenock, Craigendoran, Adris Haig, Inveraray, ...
Rothschild
Rothschild, The Name Of A Jewish Family Which Has Acquired An Unexampled Position From The Magnitude Of Its Fi Nancial Transactions. The Original Name Was Bauer, The Founder Of The House Being Mayer Anselm (1743-1812), The Son Of Anselm Moses Bauer, A Jewish Merchant Of Frankfort-on-the Main. He Set Up ...
Rotifera
Rotifera (or Rotatoria), A Well-defined Class Of Aquatic Animals Of Microscopic Size, Remarkable For The Astonishing Diversity Of Their Forms, The Vivacity And Intelligence Of Their Movements And The High Level Of Their Structural Development. Being Extremely Transparent, The Largest Can Hardly Be Detected By The Unaided Eye. In Length ...
Rotor Ship
Rotor Ship. Wind Propulsion For Navigational Purposes, In The Commonly Accepted Sense, Although Suited For Some Par Ticular Trades, Is Practically Obsolete For Cargo Carrying; And The Sailing Ship, Pure And Simple, Cannot Be Said To Have A Definite Future. Many Sailing Vessels Are Fitted With Auxiliary Propelling Machinery, Hut, ...
Rotorua
Rotorua, A Town Of Rotorua County, North Island, New Zealand. It Lies In The Midst Of A Remarkable Volcanic District Generally Known As The Hot Spring District, Which Covers An Area Of 66o Sq.m. And Extends 160 M. From North-east To South-west From White Island, An Active Volcanic Cone In ...
Rotterdam
Rotterdam, A City Of Holland In The Province Of South Holland, On Both Banks Of The New Maas, At The Confluence Of The Canalized Rotte, And A Junction Station 141 M. By Rail S.s.e. Of The Hague. The Population Of The City, Which Is The Principal Dutch Port, Was About ...
Roubiliac
Roubiliac (more Correctly Roubillac), Louis Fran Cois (1695-1762), French Sculptor, Was Born At Lyons And Became A Pupil Of Balthasar Of Dresden And Of N. Coustou. It Is Generally Stated That He Settled In London About 172o, But As He Took The Second Grand Prize For Sculpture In 1730, While ...
Rouble
Rouble. The Rouble Is The Monetary Unit Of Russia (u.s. S.r.), And Before The World War It Was Divided Into 'co Kopeks. The Par Of Exchange With Sterling Is R. I0= 2is. 2d., While, Since 1922, A New Unit Called The Chervonetz Has Been Created Equiva Lent To Ten Roubles. ...
Rouen
Rouen, A City Of France, Capital Of The Department Of Seine Inferieure And The Ancient Capital Of The Province Of Normandy, On The Seine, 87 M. N.w. Of Paris By Rail. Pop. (1931) 115,283. Unsuccessfully And Only Obtained Entrance After His Abjuration. The Revocation Of The Edict Of Nantes In ...
Roulette
Roulette, A Gambling Game, Of French Origin. It Is One Of The Two Games Played In The Gambling-rooms At Monte Carlo, And The Description Here Given, And The Maximum And Minimum Stakes Mentioned, Are To Be Understood As Applying To The Game As It Is There Conducted. It Is Solely ...
Round Table
Round Table, The Celebrated Board Of King Arthur (q.v.) Around Which He And His Knights Sat. The Origin Of The Myth Is Obscure, And Certainly Cannot Be Said To Have Been Yet Settled; It Has Been Traced By Various Scholars To Welsh, Irish, Or Breton Sources. The Story Was At ...
Rounders
Rounders, A Ball Game Played In England And The United States, But Not Attaining To Any Popularity Before 1800. It Was The Immediate Ancestor Of Baseball (q.v.). Up To 1889 No Code Of Rules Existed, But Two Governing Bodies Were Formed, The National Rounders Association Of Liverpool And Vicinity And ...
Roussillon
Roussillon, Formerly A French Province, Now Comprised In The Department Of Pyrenees Orientales (q.v.). It Was Bounded S. By The Pyrenees, W. By The County Of Foix, N. By Languedoc And E. By The Mediterranean. The Province Derived Its Name From A Small Place Near Perpignan, The Capital, Called Ruscino ...
Rowing
Rowing, The Act Of Propelling A Boat (q.v.) By Two Or More Persons By Means Of A Succession Of Strokes Of Oars. An Oar Is A Long Shaft Of Wood With A Blade, Or Thin Enlarged Surface, At One End, And A Handle At The Other, And Is, In Theory, ...
Rowing In Australia
Rowing In Australia Rowing, As A Sport, Began In Tasmania About 1830, When Races Were Held In "short" (25ft.) Fixed-seat Fours. A Race, Of Historical Interest Only, Is Still Held Annually In Similar Boats. On The Mainland Rowing Became Popular In The Sixties And By 188o Eight-oared Races Between Crews ...
Roxburghshire
Roxburghshire, Border County, Scotland, Bounded West By Berwickshire, East And South-east By Northumberland, South By Cumberland, South-west By Dumfriesshire And North West By Selkirkshire And Midlothian. It Has An Area Of 426,028 Ac. (excluding Water). The Only Low Ground Is In The North And In The Valleys Of The Larger ...
Royal Dutch Oil Company
Royal Dutch Oil Company. The Company Was Established In 1890 At The Hague (netherlands) With A Share Capital Of 1,300,00o Guilders. Though The First Years Were Diffi Cult Ones For The Royal Dutch Company It Succeeded In Keeping Its Footing, Managed By Mr. J. B. Aug. Kessler Who In December ...
Royal Mail Steam Packet
Royal Mail Steam Packet Company. This British Shipping Company Was Incorporated In 1839, At A Time When Energetic Efforts Were Being Made To Reform The Postal Serv Ices. (see Hill, Sir Rowland.) Representations Were Made From The West Indian Colonies To The Government, And In Sep Tember, 1839, A Charter ...
Royalties
Royalties. Payment By Royalties Based On A Percentage Of The Published Price Has Now Become The Customary Method Of Sharing Receipts Between Publisher And Author From Sales Of A Book. The Amount Of Royalty Agreed Upon Depends On The Cost (including Advertising) And The Estimated Sale Of The Book, As ...