Rubber Production And Manufacture
Rubber: Production And Manufacture. Between 190o And 1911 The World's Crude Rubber Production In Creased At The Average Rate Of About 3,00o Tons Per Year. For The Period Between 1911 And 1929, Mainly Because Of The Develop Ment Of Automotive Transportation, The Rate Of Increase Was Much Greater, Averaging About ...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae, In Botany, A Large Family Of Seed Plants, Be Longing To The Series Rubiales Of The Subclass Sympetalae (gamo Petalae) Of Dicotyledons, And Containing About 450 Genera With About 5,500 Species. It Is Mainly A Tropical Family Of Trees, Shrubs And Herbs, But Some Of The Tribes, Especially Galieae, ...
Rubidium
Rubidium, A Metallic Element Belonging To The Group Of The Alkali Metals (symbol Rb, Atomic Number 37, Atomic Weight 85.44). It Is Found In The Minerals Lepidolite, Petalite And In Various Specimens Of Mica And Of Carnallite, And In Some Mineral Waters. It Also Occurs In Tea, Cocoa, Coffee, Tobacco ...
Rubruquis
Rubruquis (or Rubrouck), William Of (c. 1215 1270 ; Fl. 1253-55), Franciscan Friar, One Of The Chief Mediaeval Travellers And Travel-writers. Nothing Is Known Of Him Save What Can Be Gathered From His Own Narrative, And From Roger Bacon, His Contemporary And Brother Franciscan. The Name Of Rubruquis ("fratris Willielmi ...
Ruby
Ruby, The Most Valued Of All Gem-stones, A Red Transparent Variety Of Corundum, Or Crystallized Alumina (lat. Rubeus, Red). It Is Sometimes Termed "oriental Ruby" To Distinguish It From The Spinel Ruby (q.v.), Which Is A Stone Of Inferior Hardness, Density And Value. The Ruby Crystallizes In The Rhombohedral System ...
Rudagi
Rudagi (d. 954). Farid-eddin Mohammed 'abdallah, The First Great Literary Genius Of Modern Persia, Was Born In Rudag, A Village In Transoxiana, About 87o-900. Most Of His Biographers Assert That He Was Totally Blind, But The Accurate Knowledge Of Colours Shown In His Poems Makes This Very Doubtful. The Fame ...
Rudolph I 1218 1291
Rudolph I. (1218-1291), German King, Son Of Albert Iv. Count Of Habsburg, And Hedwig, Daughter Of Ulrich Count Of Kyburg, Was Born At Limburg, On May 1, 1218. At His Father's Death In 1239 Rudolph Inherited The Family Estates In Alsace, And In 1245 Married Gertrude, Daughter Of Burkhard Iii. ...
Rudolph Ii 1552 1612
Rudolph Ii. (1552-1612), Roman Emperor, Son Of The Emperor Maximilian Ii. By His Wife Maria, Daughter Of The Em Peror Charles V., Was Born In Vienna On July 18, 1552. In 1563 He Was Sent To Spain, Where He Was Educated. In 1572 He Was Crowned King Of Hungary, In ...
Rudolph Of Habsburg 1858 1889
Rudolph Of Habsburg (1858-1889), Crown Prince Of Austria, Was Born On Aug. 21, 1858, The Only Son Of The Em Peror Francis Joseph Of Austria (q.v.) And His Wife Elizabeth. Great Hopes Centred On The Boy, Who Possessed Unusual Tal Ents. Although His Father Was Chiefly Intent On His Military ...
Rufiji
Rufiji, A Large River Of Tanganyika Territory, East Africa, Entering The Sea By A Delta, Between 45' And 8° 13' S. Its Upper Basin Is Drained By Three Main Branches, Of Which The Two Southern, The Luwegu And The Ulanga, Though Shorter Than The Northernmost (the Ruaha), Carry More Water, ...
Rufus Daniel Isaacs Reading
Reading, Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Marquess Of (186o-1935), British Statesman, Was Born On Oct. 1o, 186o, In London, The Second Son Of Joseph Isaacs, Merchant. He Was Edu Cated At University College School, London, And Abroad. At The Age Of 14 He Ran Away To Sea, And Served Two Years ...
Rugby
Rugby, A Market Town In Warwickshire, England, Finely Situ Ated On A Tableland Rising From The South Bank Of The Avon, Near The Oxford Canal. Pop. Of Urban District (1931) 23,824. Rugby Was Originally A Hamlet Of The Adjoining Parish Of Clifton-on Dunsmore, And Is Separately Treated Of As Such ...
Rugen
Rugen, An Island Of Germany, In The Baltic, Immediately Opposite Stralsund, Ii M. Off The North-west Coast Of Pomerania In Prussia, From Which It Is Separated By The Narrow Strelasund, Or Bodden. Its Shape Is Exceedingly Irregular, And Its Coast Line Is Broken By Numerous Bays And Peninsulas, Sometimes Of ...
Rugs And Carpets
Rugs And Carpets. The Term "carpet" Is Usually Understood To Mean A Textile Floor-covering And It Is In This Sense That The Word Is Used Here. The Best Fabric Yet Devised For Use Under Foot Is One In Which A Heavy Woven Foundation Is Fortified With Extra Threads Forming A ...
Ruhr
Ruhr, A River Of Germany, 142 M. Long, An Important Right Bank Tributary Of The Lower Rhine. It Rises On The Side Of The Winterberg In The Sauerland, At About 2,000 Ft. Above The Sea. It Flows North And Then West In A Deep, Well-wooded Valley Past The Town Of ...
Rule Of The Road
Rule Of The Road. This In Great Britain And Ireland Is A Matter Of Common Law, Otherwise Custom, The Origin Of Which Is Too Remote For Other Than Conjecture. The Only Statutory Enact Ments Dealing With The Ordering Of Road Traffic Are The Terms Of The Highways Act Of 1835, ...
Rumania
Rumania A New Conference Met In Paris To Discuss The Situation, And In 1861 The Election Of Prince Cuza Was Ratified By The Powers And The Porte. The Two Assemblies And The Central Commission Were Replaced In Jan. 1862 By A Single Ministry And Single Assembly At Bucharest. In May ...
Rumania Or Romania
Rumania Or Romania, A Kingdom Of South-east Europe To The North Of The Balkan Peninsula. Its Present Area Since The World War Within The Boundaries Established By The Peace Trea Ties Covers A Total Of 294,967 Square Kilometres, An Area Roughly Equivalent To That Of England, Wales And Scotland. The ...
Rumanian Language And Literature
Rumanian Language And Literature. Latin Was Introduced Into The Farther End Of Eastern Europe At The Time When Trajan's Legions Occupied Dacia (a.d. I0i I07). The Natural Riches Of This Region Attracted Settlers From All Points Of The Roman Empire. In A.d. 274 Aurelian Determined To Withdraw All The Roman ...
Rumi 1207 1273
Rumi (1207-1273). Mohammed B. Mohammed B. Husain Albalkhi, Better Known As Maulana Jalal-uddin Rumi (or Simply Jalal-uddin), The Greatest Sac Poet Of Persia, Was Born On Sept. 3o, 1207 ( 604 A.h. 6th Of Rabi` I.) At Balkh, In Khorasan. His Father Was Invited To Iconium (or Rum), And From ...
Rummy Or Rum
Rummy Or Rum Is A Card Game Which Is Said To Have Originated In Texas. It Is Played On The Same Lines As Coon-can (q.v.), The Object Being To Form In One's Hand Sequences Of Three Cards Or More Of The Same Suit, Or To Collect Three Or More Of ...
Runes
Runes, The Oldest Form Of Germanic Writing. This Form Of Writing Was In Use In The Scandinavian North In The 3rd Century, And In Remote Districts Of Sweden Almost Down To Our Own Times. B. Salin, Drew The Conclusion A Quarter Of A Century Ago That The Runes Came To ...
Running
Running. The Most Primitive Form Of Athletic Exercise Considered As A Sport, Running Has Been In Vogue From The Earliest Times, And The Simple Foot-race ( 3p6p,o3) Run Straight Away From Starting Point To Goal, Or Once Over The Course Of The Stadium (a Little Over 2ooyds.), Formed An Event ...
Rupee
Rupee, The Standard Coin Of The Monetary System In India (hindustani Rupiya, From Sanskrit Rupya). A Silver Coin Of 175 Grains Troy, Called Tanka, Approximating To The Rupee, Was Struck By The Mohammedan Rulers Of Delhi In The 13th Century; But The Rupee Itself, Of 179 Grains, Was Introduced By ...
Rural Depopulation
Rural Depopulation. In All Countries Of The World There Is A Trend From The Country-side Towards The Town ; Even In Countries Where The Rural Population Is Increasing, The Urban Population Is Increasing At A Greater Rate, So That Practically Everywhere The Proportion Of The Rural To The Total Population ...
Rushdi Pasha
Rushdi Pasha (c. 1864-1928), Egyptian Statesman, Was Born About 1864, And Educated In France. On His Return To Egypt He Became Successively A Judge In The Mixed Tribunals, A Judge In The Egyptian Court Of Appeal, And Director-general Of Wakfs. He Became Minister Of Justice In 1908, And Two Years ...
Russell Family
Russell (family). The Great English Whig House Of The Russells, Earls And Dukes Of Bedford, Rose Under The Favour Of Henry Viii. Obsequious Genealogists Have Traced Their Lineage From "hugh De Rozel," Alias "hugh Bertrand, Lord Of Le Rozel," A Companion Of The Conqueror, Padding Their Fiction With The Pedigree ...
Russell Sage Foundation
Russell Sage Foundation, An Institution Estab Lished By Mrs. Russell Sage In Memory Of Her Husband. The Initial Endowment Was $10,000,000, To Which $5,000,000 Was Added By Her Will. It Was Incorporated By An Act Of The Legislature Of New York In April 1907, "for The Improvement Of Social And ...
Russia
Russia. Russia Is The General Name Given To Those Terri Tories Of Europe And Asia Which Are Comprised Within The Union Of Socialist Soviet Republics (u.s.s.r.). The Eleven Republics Within The Union Are The Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Re Public, And The Ukrainian, White Russian, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Kazak, Kirghiz, ...
Russian Architecture
Russian Architecture. Historically, Russian Architecture May Be Divided Into Two Principal Periods : The First, From The Loth To The End Of The 17th Century; The Second, From About 1700 To The Present. This Chronological Division Is A Con Sequence Of The Revolutionary Activities Of Peter The Great (1689 1725), ...
Russian Art
Russian Art. A Comprehensive Essay On The Art Of Russia Implies A Survey Of The Art Of Many Races, Beginning From Remote Antiquity. This Article, Therefore, Deals With Those Artistic Activities That Have Been Manifested In Russia Proper Since Her Appearance As An Organised And Independent State Under St. Vladimir ...
Russian Organizations
Russian Organizations. Soviet Russian Co-operation Is The Largest Co-operative Move Ment In The World In The Number Of Its Members And In The Scale And Variety Of Its Operations. The Chief Types Of Societies Are Consumers, Agricultural, Productive And Housing. Each Of These Groups Has Its Own Special Organisation, Central ...