Concentrated Solutions
Concentrated Solutions The Ideal Solution.—in Solutions Of Two Liquids, Which Are Miscible In All Proportions, And May Both Be Volatile, Each Con Tributes To The Total Vapour Pressure Of The Solution. If The Rela Tive Proportions Of The Two Substances In The Vapour Are Known, The Proportion Of The Total ...
Contemporary Sculpture
Contemporary Sculpture Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) Was The First Sculptor To Challenge Successfully The Classic Authority. Taking Nature, Not Tradition For His Guide He Created A Purely Naturalistic Sculpture, Almost Wholly Free From Architectonic Form. Not Structure, Nor Abstract Harmonies Of Mass, Are Emphasized In His Work, But Rather The Natural ...
Count Carlo Sforza
Sforza, Count Carlo (1872— ), Italian States Man, Knight Of The Annunziata, Was Born At Lucca. He Entered The Diplomatic Service, Was Secretary Of Embassy In London, Then Minister At Peking (1911), At Belgrade (1916), Italian High Com Missioner In Turkey (1918), And Under Secretary For Foreign Affairs (1919). In ...
Culture And Religion
Culture And Religion The General Impression Is One Of A People Which Lived In Small Communal Groups, So Impatient Of Authority That They Scarcely Combined For Their Own Defence, And In Spite Of Indi Vidual Bravery Only Formidable To Others When Cemented Together By Some Alien Element : Hence They ...
Decorative Sculpture
Decorative Sculpture Under The General Heading Of Decorative Sculpture Is Included All Sculpture Made Primarily As Decoration Or Part Of An Architec Tural Scheme, Or Which Is So Designed As To Fit Into An Architectural Setting, Or Which, Though Not Designed For Any Particular Place, Is Yet So Considered In ...
Development Of The Machine
Development Of The Machine Gun Side By Side With This Advance In The Design Of Rifles, And Starting From An Early Date In The History Of Small Arms, There Was Taking Place A Gradual Development Of The Mechanical Means Of Producing An Ever-increasing Volume Of Fire. Until The Develop Ment ...
Diesel Ships
Diesel Ships The Caspian Steamer "wandal," Which Was Built By Messrs. Nobels In 1903, Was The First Sizeable Ship To Be Given An Internal Combustion Engine, But In Her Case It Was Used To Generate Elec Tricity For The Main Drive. Engines In Which The Charge Was Exploded By A ...
Differences In Viewpoint And
Differences In Viewpoint And Modelling A Study Of Portrait Heads Produced Throughout The Ages Reveals A Rich Variety Of Viewpoints And Of Modelling. Everyone Is Familiar With The Unanimated Face. You See It Sitting Opposite You In The Public Conveyance. Its Expression Has Settled To That Of Hopeless, Inactive Monotony. ...
Domestic Science
Domestic Science The Teaching Of Domestic Subjects In Public Elementary Schools Is Nearly As Old As The School Itself. Stimulated By Government Grants, Awarded On Results, The Numbers Receiving Some Sort Of Instruction In Domestic Subjects Rose From 844 In 1874 To 59,812 In 1882. In 1898 Records Show That ...
Driving Shaft
Shaft, Driving, Is A Bar Of Steel Revolving In Bearings And Part Of A Mechanical Power Transmission System. It Drives A Machine Or A Set Of Machines, And Is Distinguished From A Spindle Which Is Incorporated In The Machine Itself (e.g., A Drill Spindle) To Carry Some Tool Or Appliance, ...
Edmund Beaufort Somerset
Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, Duke Of (c. Was The Younger Son Of John, Earl Of Somerset, And Grandson Of John Of Gaunt, Duke Of Lancaster. He Was Taken Prisoner At Bauge In 1421 During His First Campaign, And Did Not Return To England Till 1431. He Was Then Styled Earl Of ...
Edmund Kirby Smith
Smith, Edmund Kirby , Confederate General In The American Civil War, The Son Of Colonel Joseph Lee Smith (1776-1846), An American Lawyer And Soldier, Who Served In The War Of 1812, Was Born At St. Augustine (fla.), On May 16, 1824. He Graduated At West Point In 1845, Being As ...
Edward Rowland 1841 1887 Sill
Sill, Edward Rowland (1841-1887), American Author And Educator, Was Born At Windsor, Conn., April 29, 1841. Theodore Sill, His Father, Was A Well-known Physician Of The Dis Trict. His Mother Died In 1852 And His Father Shortly Thereafter. Young Sill Then Went To Live With Relatives At Cuyahoga Falls, 0. ...
Edward Seymour
Edward Seymour, Duke Of Somerset (q.v.), Known As The Pro Tector, Was The First Of The Line Of Dukes To Which The Holder Of The Title At The Present Day Belongs, Having Been Created Viscount Beauchamp Of Hache, Co. Somerset, In 1536; Earl Of Hertford In And In 1547 Baron ...
Edward Seymour Somerset
Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke Of (c. I 1552), Protector Of England, Born About 1506, Was The Eldest Surviving Son Of Sir John Seymour (d. 1536) Of Wolf Hall, Wilt Shire, By His Wife Margaret, Eldest Daughter Of Sir Henry Went Worth Of Nettlested, Suffolk. The Seymours Claimed Descent From A ...
Electric Drive
Electric Drive Electric Propulsion At Sea, The Power In That Case Being Gen Erated By The Internal Combustion Engine, Was First Tried By Nobels In The "wandal" On The Caspian In 1903, A Vessel That Has Already Been Mentioned As The First Motor Ship. The German Navy Adopted It In ...
Elice Peretti
_ Elice Peretti), Pope From 1585 To 159o, Was Born At Grottamara, In Ancona, On Dec. 13, 1521. He Was Reared In Extreme Poverty; And At An Early Age He Entered A Franciscan Monastery. He Soon Gave Evidence Of Rare Ability As A Preacher And A Dialectician. About 1552 He ...
Elizabeth Talbot Shrewsbury
Shrewsbury, Elizabeth Talbot, Countess Of (1518-1608), Better Known As "bess Of Hardwicke," Was The Daughter And Co-heiress Of John Hardwicke Of Hardwicke, Derby Shire. She Was Four Times Married—to John Barlow, Sir William Cavendish, Sir William St. Lo (or St. Loe), And Finally, In 1568, To George Talbot, 6th Earl ...
Elkanah 1648 1724 Settle
Settle, Elkanah (1648-1724), English Poet And Play Wright, Born At Dunstable On Jan. 1, 1648, Entered Trinity Col Lege, Oxford, In 1666, But Left The University Without Taking A Degree. His First Tragedy, Cainbyses, King Of Persia, Was Pro Duced At Lincoln's Inn Fields In 1667. Rochester Encouraged The New ...
England And France Scotland
Scotland, England And France Union Of The Thistle And The Rose.—james Iv. Aimed At Acquiring For Scotland A Place In European Politics. The Causes Which, For Nearly Two Centuries, Had Compelled His Kingdom To Follow The Policy Of France Had Ceased To Operate, He Was Him Self Related To The ...
Episcopal Church Of Scotland
Scotland, Episcopal Church Of, A Scottish Episcopal Church In Communion With, But Historically Distinct From, The Church Of England, And Composed Of Seven Dioceses: Aberdeen And Orkney; Argyll And The Isles; Brechin; Edin Burgh, Glasgow And Galloway ; Moray, Ross And Caithness; And St. Andrews, Dunkeld And Dunblane. All, Except ...
Ernst Werner Von Siemens
Siemens, Ernst Werner Von Ger Man Electrician, Was Born On Dec. 13, 1816, At Lenthe In Hanover. After Attending The Gymnasium At Liibeck, He Entered The Prus Sian Army As A Volunteer, And For Three Years Was A Pupil In The Military Academy At Berlin. Between 1838 And 1848 He ...
Etienne Pivert De Senancour
Senancour, Etienne Pivert De (177o-1846), French Author, Was Born In Paris In November 1770. His Father Desired Him To Enter The Seminary Of Saint-sulpice Preparatory To Becoming A Priest, But Senancour, To Avoid A Profession For Which He Had No Vocation, Went On A Visit To Switzerland In 1789. At ...
Evening Schools
Schools, Evening, Schools Open In The Evening To En Able Those Working During The Day To Continue Their Education. Evening Schools In Great Britain Are Discussed Under Commer Cial Education, Continuation Schools And Technical Ed Ucation. The Following Article Describes The Work In The United States. Evening Schools In The ...
Felix Schwarzenberg
Schwarzenberg, Felix, Prince Zu ( 1800—i 85 2 ) , Austrian Statesman, Was Born On Oct. 2, 1800. After Six Years' Service In The Austrian Army, Felix Espoused A Diplomatic Career At The Instance Of Metternich, And Underwent A Period Of Probation (1824-1848) At Various European Courts, Which Confirmed His ...
Figure Skating
Figure Skating This Artistic And Fascinating Class Of Skating, As Subjected To Definite Rules, Is Quite Modern, Having Originated In The 19th Century, Though The Cutting Of Figures On The Ice Was Regarded As An Accomplishment By Skaters Long Before. Although The Edinburgh Skat Ing Club, Founded Probably In 1742, ...
First Sikh War
First Sikh War The First Sikh War, Or Sutlej Campaign, Was Brought About By The Insubordination Of The Sikh Army, Which After The Death Of Ranjit Singh Became Uncontrollable And On Dec. Ii, 1845, Crossed The Sutlej, And Virtually Declared War Upon The British. The British Authorities Had Foreseen The ...
Francisco Serrano
Serrano, Francisco, Duke De La Torre And Count Of San Antonio (1810-1885), Spanish Marshal And Statesman, Born In The Island Of Leon, Cadiz, On Dec. 17, 181o. A Cadet In 1822, He Was Promoted From Captain To Brigadier-general In The Carlist War (1834-1839), And Obtained The Cross Of San Fer ...
Franz 1824 1902 Sigel
Sigel, Franz (1824-1902), German And American Sol Dier, Was Born At Sinsheim, In Baden, On Nov. 18, 1824. He Grad Uated At The Military School At Carlsruhe, And Became An Officer In The Grand Ducal Service. When The Baden Insurrection Broke Out, Sigel Was A Leader On The Revolutionary Side ...
Franz Hermann 1808 1883
Schulze-delitzsch, Franz Hermann (1808 1883), German Economist, Was Born At Delitzsch, In Prussian Saxony, On Aug. 29, 1808. The Suffix Delitzsch Was Added In 5848 To Distinguish Him From Other Schulzes In The National Assembly. He Studied Law At Leipzig And Halle, Became An Assessor In The Court Of Justice ...
Franz Peter Schubert
Schubert, Franz Peter Austrian Composer, Was Born On Jan. 31, 1797, In The Himmelpfortgrund, A Small Suburb Of Vienna. His Father, Franz, Son Of A Moravian Peasant, Was A Parish Schoolmaster; His Mother, Elizabeth Fitz, Had Before Her Marriage Been Cook In A Viennese Family. Of Their 14 Children Nine ...
Franz Von Sickingen
Sickingen, Franz Von ) German Knight, Was Born At Ebernburg Near Worms On March 2, 1481. He Fought For The Emperor Maximilian I. Against Venice In 1508, Inherited Large Estates On The Rhine, And Increased His Wealth And Reputa Tion By Numerous Feuds. In 1513 He Took Up The Quarrel ...
Frederick Courtney Selous
Selous, Frederick Courtney British Explorer And Hunter, Was Born In London On Dec. 31, 1851, And Was Educated At Rugby And In Germany. He Went Out To South Africa When He Was 19, Travelled From The Cape To Mata Beleland, Reached Early In 1872, And Was Granted Permission By Lobengula ...
Frederick Soddy
Soddy, Frederick (1877— ), British Scientist, Was Born At Eastbourne, Sussex, On Sept. 2, 1877, And Was Educated At Eastbourne College, The University College Of Wales, Abery Stwyth And Merton College, Oxford. From 19oo-2 He Held The Post Of Demonstrator Of Chemistry At The Mcgill University, Montreal, Where He Carried ...
French Somaliland
French Somaliland French Somaliland (cote Francaise Des Somalis) Lies At The Entrance To The Red Sea. The Sea Frontier Extends From Ras Dumeira On The Straits Of Bab-el-mandeb, A Little North Of Perim Island, To Ras Gurmarle, A Few Miles South Of The Gulf Of Tajura. The Protectorate Is Bounded ...
Friedrich 1824 1884 Smetana
Smetana, Friedrich (1824-1884), Czech Composer And Pianist, Was Born At Leitomischl In Bohemia On March 2, 1824. He Studied Under Proksch, At Prague, And Later At Leipzig. On Returning To Prague, He Became Konzertmeister To The Em Peror Ferdinand. In 1848 He Married Katharina Kolar, Pianist, And With Her Founded ...
Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher
Schleiermacher, Friedrich Daniel Ernst German Theologian And Philosopher, Was The Son Of A Prussian Army Chaplain Of The Reformed Confession, And Was Born On Nov. 21, 5768 At Breslau. He Was Educated In A Moravian School At Niesky In Upper Lusatia, And At The Moravian Seminary At Barby Near Halle. ...
Friedrich Hermann Schomberg
Schomberg, Friedrich Hermann (or Frederic Armand), Duke Of (c. 1615-1690), Marshal Of France And Eng Lish General, Was Born In Dec. 1615 Or Jan. 1616, At Heidelberg, The Son Of Hans Meinard Von Schonberg (1582-1616) And Anne Sutton, Daughter Of The 9th Lord Dudley. He Was Educated By Various Friends, ...
Friedrich Karl Von Savigny
Savigny, Friedrich Karl Von German Jurist, Was Born At Frankfort-on-main On Feb. 21, 1779. Left An Orphan At The Age Of 13, He Was Brought Up By His Guar Dian Until, In 1795, He Entered The University Of Marburg. After The Fashion Of German Students, Savigny Visited Several Universi Ties, ...
Friedrich Von 1772 1829 Schlegel
Schlegel, Friedrich Von (1772-1829), German Poet, Critic And Scholar, Was The Younger Brother Of August Wil Helm Von Schlegel. He Was Born At Hanover On March Io, 1772. He Studied Law At Gottingen And Leipzig, But Ultimately Devoted Himself Entirely To Literary Studies. He Published In 1797 The Im Portant ...
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Von
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Von German Philosopher, Was Born On Jan. 27, At Leonberg, A Small Town Of Wurttemberg. He Was Educated At The Cloister School Of Bebenhausen, Near Tubingen, Where His Father, An Able Orientalist, Was Chaplain And Professor, And En Tered The Theological Seminary At Tubingen At 16. ...
Game Shooting With Dogs
Game Shooting With Dogs In The United States Development Of Gun Dogs In The United States Has Covered A Range Of Breeds And Fields For Their Respective Hunting Activities Ranging From Fox, Deer And Bear Hounds, Through The Rank And File Of Chesapeake Bay, Irish Water Spaniel And Springer Spaniel ...
Garden Sculpture
Garden Sculpture Strictly Speaking Garden Sculpture Is Not In A Class By Itself. Very Often We May Find In A Garden A Figure Taken From The Ruins Of Some Old Gothic Cathedral Which Makes A Perfect Piece Of Garden Sculpture, Or Again We May See A Fragment Of A Greek ...
Garden Sculpture_2
Garden Sculpture.) Wood And Ivory.—due To The Vulnerability Of Wood And Ivory To Climatic Changes These Materials Can Be Successfully Employed As A Rule In Comparatively Small And Compact Arrangements, Yet Generally In Europe And In India And China, As Well As With The Primitive Peoples, Beautiful Sculpture Has Been ...
General Remarks On Insect
General Remarks On Insect Societies It Is A Remarkable Fact, As Wheeler Remarks, That Among Insects Social Habits Have Arisen No Less Than 24 Different Times In As Many Different Groups Of Solitary Insects. The Various Examples Of This Type Of Behaviour Represent, As Has Already Been Pointed Out, Very ...
Geography
Geography While Under The Capable Leadership Of Dr. H. R. Mill, The Late Sir John Scott Keltie, The Late Prof. Herbertson, The Rt. Hon. Sir Half Ord Mackinder And Others, The Study Of Geography In Great Britain Has Attained To A Distinctness Of Aim, An Individual Ity Of Method, And ...
Geometric Solids
Solids, Geometric. The Term Solid Is Not Widely Used In Geometry As A Precise Generic Term, But It Commonly Appears In The Names Of Certain Special Classes Of Geometric Configurations. A Geometric Configuration Is Any Set Of Points In Space Which, Unless The Contrary Is Stated, Is Understood To Be ...
Geometric Solids In General
Geometric Solids In General The Boundary Of A Solid May Consist, Of Course, Of Several Poly Hedra ; E.g., A Cube And One Or More Smaller Cubes Inside Of The Former. Some Of These Polyhedra May Have Points In Common. The Great Diversity Of Such Disconnected Boundaries Makes Classi Fying ...
Georg August Schweinfurth
Schweinfurth, Georg August German Traveller In East Central Africa And Ethnologist, Was Born At Riga On Dec. 29, 1836. He Was Educated At The Univer Sities Of Heidelberg, Munich And Berlin (1856-62), Where He Particularly Devoted Himself To Botany And Palaeontology. Com Missioned To Arrange The Collections Brought From The ...
George
George, 4th Earl Of Caithness (c. 1525-1582), A Son Of The 3rd Earl, Was A Roman Catholic And A Supporter Of Mary Queen Of Scots, But He Was Mainly Occupied With Acts Of Violence In The North Of Scotland. His Grandson George, The 5th Earl (c. 1566 1643), Was Outlawed ...
George 1789 1846 Smith
Smith, George (1789-1846), British Publisher, Founder Of The Firm Of Smith, Elder & Co., Was Born In Scotland In 1789. From Elgin, Where He Was Apprenticed To A Bookseller, He Migrated To London, Where He Found Employment First With Rivingtons, And Afterwards With John Murray. In 1816 Smith And Another ...
George Augustus Selwyn
Selwyn, George Augustus English Bishop, Second Son Of William Selwyn (1775-1855), A Dis Tinguished Legal Writer, Was Born At Hampstead, London, On April 5, 1809. He Was Educated At Eton And At St. John's College, Cam Bridge, Where He Graduated In 1831. He Returned To Eton As Private Tutor, Was ...
George Bernard Shaw
Shaw, George Bernard ), Irish Drama Tist, Was Born In Dublin On July 26, 1856. His Father, George Carr Shaw, A Younger Son Of Bernard Shaw, High Sheriff Of Kilkenny, Was An Impoverished And Humorously Helpless Member Of What, In England, Would Have Been Called The Middle Class, But In ...
Georges 1859 91 Seurat
Seurat, Georges (1859-91), French Painter, Of The Post-impressionist Movement. He Was Born In Paris On Dec. 2, 1859. At The Age Of 16 He Entered The Ecole Des Beaux Arts And Worked Four Years Under Henry Lehmann, A Pupil Of Ingres. He Studied The Old Masters At The Louvre; And, ...
Gerhard Johann David Von
Scharnhorst, Gerhard Johann David Von (1755-1813), Prussian General, Was Born At Bordenau Near Hanover, On Nov. 12, 1755. In 1778 He Received A Commission In The Hanoverian Service. He Designed, And In Part Published, A Handbuch Fur Offiziere In Den Anwendbaren Theilen Der Kriegs Wissenschaften. He Also Published In 1792 ...
Gerrit 1797 1874 Smith
Smith, Gerrit (1797-1874), American Reformer And Philanthropist, Was Born In Utica (n.y.), On March 6, 1797. About 1828 He Became An Active Worker In The Cause Of Temper Ance, And In His Home Village, Peterboro, He Built One Of The First Temperance Hotels In The Country. He Became An Abolitionist ...
Giovanni 1858 1899 Segantini
Segantini, Giovanni (1858-1899), Italian Painter, Was Born At Arco In The Trentino On June 15, 1858. His Mother, Who Belonged To An Old Family Of The Mountain Country, Died In 1863. His Father Then Went To Milan, And There Left Giovanni In The Care Of A Step-sister. At The Age ...
Giovanni Virginio 135 1910
Schiaparelli, Giovanni Virginio (1$35 1910), Italian Astronomer And Senator Of The Kingdom Of Italy, Was Born On March 14, 1835, At Savigliano In Piedmont. He Entered Turin University In 185o, And Graduated In 1854. Two Years Later He Went To Berlin To Study Astronomy Under Encke, And In 1859 Was ...
Girolamo 1452 1498 Savonarola
Savonarola, Girolamo (1452-1498), Italian Monk And Reformer, Born At Ferrara On Sept. 21, 1452, Was The Third Child Of Michele Savonarola And His Wife Elena Bonaccossi Of Mantua. Elena Was Tenderly Loved By Her Famous Son, And His Letters Prove That She Retained His Fullest Confidence Through All The Vicissitudes ...
Gothic Sculpture
Gothic Sculpture The Monastic Carvings Formed The Basis From Which The Com Munes Of Northern France Developed The Superb Sculptural Art Of The I3th, 14th, And 15th Centuries. The Great Cathedrals De Manded Sculpture In Order That The Abstract And Mechanical Rhythms Of Their Architecture Might Be Informed With Some ...