1 Castilian Literature
1. Castilian Literature By The Time Of The Muslim Invasion (7i I) The Latin Spoken In The Peninsula Was Already In Process Of Transformation Into A Romance Patois Which, From The Few Words That Have Come Down To Us (some Of Them Preserved In Jest By The Arabic-speaking Conquerors), Seems ...
1315 1529 Swiss Wars
Swiss Wars, 1315-1529. When The Central Organization Of The Holy Roman Empire Broke Down In The Thirteenth Century, There Were Certain Communities Which Had Not Yet Slipped Into Subordination To The Feudal States Which Were To Replace The Em Peror As The Practical Governing Authority In Germany. The Origin Of ...
1899 1902 South African War
South African War, 1899-1902. The South Afri Can War May Be Divided Into Three Distinct Periods. The First Comprises The Boer Invasion, Terminating With The Relief Of Lady Smith On Feb. 28. The Second Ended In Oct. 190o With The Flight Of President Kruger. The Third Consisted Of Guerrilla Warfare ...
Abel Janszoon Tasman
Tasman, Abel Janszoon (c. 1603-1659), The Great Est Of Dutch Navigators, The Discoverer Of Tasmania, New Zea Land, The Tonga And The Fiji Islands, And The First Circumnavigator Of Australia, Was Born At Lutjegast In Groningen, About 1603. In 1634 We First Meet With Him In The East Indies, Sailing ...
Action Of Reciprocating Engines
Action Of Reciprocating Engines Most, Though Not All, Reciprocating Engines Are Double-acting: That Is To Say, Steam From The Boiler Is Alternately Admitted To Each Side Of The Piston. In Each Double Stroke, Or Revolution, There Are F Our Events For Each End Of The Cylinder :—(r) Admis Sion, Which ...
Adelaide Filleul Souza Botelho
Souza-botelho, Adelaide Filleul, Mar Quise De (1761-1836), French Writer, Was Born In Paris On May 14, 1761. Her Mother, Marie Irene Catherine De Buisson, Daughter Of The Seigneur Of Longpre, Near Falaise, Married A Bourgeois Of That Town Named Filleul. It Was Reported, Though No Proof Is Forthcoming, That Mme. ...
Agostino 1653 1728 Steffani
Steffani, Agostino (1653-1728), Italian Ecclesiastic, Diplomatist And Musical Composer, Was Born At Castelfranco On July 25, 1653. At A Very Early Age He Was Admitted As A Choris Ter At St. Mark's, Venice. Count Tattenbach Took Him In 1667 To Munich, Where His Education Was Completed At The Expense Of ...
Albert 1842 1906 Sorel
Sorel, Albert (1842-1906), French Historian, Was Born At Honfleur On Aug. 13, 1842. He Was Of A Characteristically Norman Type, And Remained All His Life A Lover Of His Native Province And Its Glories. He Studied Law In Paris, And After A Pro Longed Stay In Germany Entered The Foreign ...
Alcohol In Industry
Alcohol In Industry. Again Vertically For I O To 20 Ft., And Is Then Connected To The Con Denser. The Horizontal Portion Of The Lyne Arm Lies In A Shallow Trough Fitted With A Water Supply, And The Temperature Of The Spirit Vapours Prior To Their Passing To The Condenser ...
Alessandro Stradella
Stradella, Alessandro (?1645-1682), Italian Composer, One Of The Most Accomplished Musicians Of The 17th Century, Was Probably Born At Naples. The Generally Accepted Story Of His Life Was First Circumstantially Narrated In Bonnet-bour Delot's Histoire'de La Musique Et De Ses Effets (1715). According To This Account, Stradella Was Engaged By ...
Alexander 1879 1923 Stambolisky
Stambolisky, Alexander (1879-1923), Bulgarian Statesman, Was Born At Slavovitsa, In Southern Bulgaria, Sept. 1, 1879, The Son Of A Peasant Landowner. After Studying At The Vil Lage School And Later In The Neighbouring Town, He Attended The Agricultural College Of Halle In Germany. On Returning To Bul Garia, Aged 18, ...
Alexander Hamilton 1812 1883 Stephens
Stephens, Alexander Hamilton (1812-1883), American Statesman, Vice President Of The Confederate States During The Civil War, Was Born In Wilkes (now Taliaferro) County, Georgia, On Feb. Ii, 1812. He Was A Weak And Sickly Child Of Poor Parents, And From His Sixth To His 15th Year, When He Was Left ...
Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov
Suvorov, Alexander Vasilievich, Count Suvorov Rimniksky, Prince Italysky (1729-1800), Russian Field Mar Shal, Was Born At Moscow On Nov. 24, 1729, The Descendant Of A Swede Named Suvor Who Emigrated To Russia In 1622. He Entered The Army As A Boy, Served Against The Swedes In Finland And Against The ...
Alfred Tennyson Tennyson
Tennyson, Alfred Tennyson, Ist Baron (1809 1892), English Poet, Was Born At Somersby, Lincolnshire, On Aug. 6, 1809. He Was The Fourth Of The 12 Children Of The Rev. George Clayton Tennyson (2778-1832) And His Wife Elizabeth Fytche (1781-1865). The Tennysons Were An Old Lincolnshire Family Settled At Bayon's Manor. ...
Algernon Charles Swinburne
Swinburne, Algernon Charles English Poet And Critic, Was Born In London On April 5, 1837. He Was The Son Of Admiral Charles Henry Swinburne (of An Old Northumbrian Family) And Of Lady Jane Henrietta, A Daughter Of George, 3rd Earl Of Ashburnham. His Childhood Was Spent On The Northumberland Estate ...
Alloy Steels
Steels, Alloy. It Is Almost As Hard To Draw A Clear Line Of Demarcation Between "alloy Steels" And "steels," As It Is Be Tween "steel" And "iron." Diverse Definitions Have Been Set Up Legally For Customs Purposes, And Commercially For Statistical But More Especially For Pricing Purposes. As May Be ...
Ambrose Spinola
Spinola, Ambrose, Marquis De Los Balbases (1569– 1630), Spanish General, Born In Genoa, Then Practically A Pro Tected State Under The Power Of Spain. The Family Of Spinola Was Of Great Antiquity, Wealth, And Power, And A Rival Of The House' Of Doria For Authority Within The Republic. Unsuccessful In ...
Andre Pierre Gabriel Amedee
Tardieu, Andre Pierre Gabriel Amedee (1876- ), French Politician And Writer, Was Born In Paris On Sept. 22, 1876. Educated At The Ecole Normale Superieure, He Was Chef De Cabinet To Waldeck-rousseau From 1899 To 1902. From 1902 To 1914 He Lectured At The Ecole Des Sciences Politiques And The ...
Andrew T 1828 1917 Still
Still, Andrew T. (1828-1917), Founder Of Osteopathy, Was Born In Jonesville, Va., On Aug. 6, 1828. His Family Moved In 1837 To Macon County, Missouri, And Later To The Shawnee Reservation Near Kansas City, Kansas. Still Took An Active Part In The Slave Question In Kansas, And In 1857 Was ...
Ann 1782 1866 Taylor
Taylor, Ann (1782-1866) Afterwards Mrs. Gilbert And Taylor, Jane (1783-1824), English Writers For Children, Daughters Of Isaac Taylor (1759-1829), Were Born In London On Jan. 3o, 1782, And Sept. 23, 1783, Respectively. In 1786 The Taylors Went To Live At Lavenham In Suffolk, And Ten Years Later Removed To Colchester. ...
Antonio 1644 1737 Stradivari
Stradivari, Antonio (1644-1737), Italian Violin Maker, Was Associated Throughout His Life With Cremona, Where He Brought The Craft Of Violin-making To Its Highest Pitch Of Perfec Tion. The Obscure Details Of His Life Have Been Thoroughly Worked Out In The Monograph On Him By W. H. Hill, A. F. Hill ...
Antonio Jose De Sucre
Sucre, Antonio Jose De (1795-183o), Was Born On Feb. 3, 1795, At Cumuna, Venezuela, Where His Family Had For Generations Held A Position Of Importance. He Had Only A Meagre Education And Turned Early To The Profession Of Arms. In 1811 He Was Placed In Charge Of The Republican Engineers ...
Arabella 575 1615 Stuart
Stuart, Arabella ( 575-1615) , Daughter Of Charles Stuart, Earl Of Lennox, Younger Brother Of Lord Darnley And Of Elizabeth, Daughter Of Sir William Cavendish And "bess Of Hard Wick," Was (by Strict Pedigree) Next In Succession To James Vi. Of Scotland To The Thrones Of England And Scotland, After ...
Archibald Campbell 181 1882 Tait
Tait, Archibald Campbell (18'1-1882) , English Divine, Archbishop Of Canterbury, Was Born At Edinburgh On Dec. 21, 1811, Of Presbyterian Parents. He Entered Balliol College In 183o As A Snell Exhibitioner From The University Of Glasgow. He Became Fellow And Tutor Of Balliol And Was Also Ordained Deacon (1836) And ...
Arthur 1865 Symons
Symons, Arthur (1865- ), English Poet And Critic, Was Born In Wales On Feb. 28, 1865, Of Cornish Parents. He Was Educated Privately, Spending Much Of His Time In France And Italy. In 1884-86 He Edited Four Of Quaritch's Shakespeare Quarto Facsimiles, And In 1888-89 Seven Plays Of The "henry ...
Arthur Penrhyn 1815 1881 Stanley
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1815-1881), English Divine, Dean Of Westminster, Was Born On Dec. 13,1815, At Alder Ley, Cheshire, The Son Of Edward Stanley (1779-1849), Afterwards Bishop Of Norwich. He Was Educated At Rugby Under Arnold, And At Balliol College, Oxford. In 1839 He Was Elected Fellow Of University College, Also ...
Artificial Teeth
Teeth, Artificial. In The Beginning Of The Restora Tive Art In Dentistry, Artificial Substitutes Were Human Teeth, Teeth Of Cattle And Sheep, Teeth Carved From The Tusks Of The Ele Phant, And From The Tooth Of The Hippopotamus. The First Re Corded Substitute Other Than Animal Substances Was A Paste ...
August Gottlieb Spangenberg
Spangenberg, August Gottlieb German Moravian Bishop, Count Zinzendorf's Successor, Was Born On July 15, 1704, At Klettenberg, On The South Of The Harz Mountains, Where His Father, Georg Spangenberg, Was Court Preacher And Ecclesiastical Inspector Of The Countship Of Hohen Stein. He Was A Student Of Law At Jena When ...
Baron Von Steuben
Steuben, Baron Von, Frederick William Augustus Henry Ferdinand (i730-1794), German Soldier, Born At Magdeburg, Prussia, Sept. 17, 1730, Was A De Scendant Of A Noble Family, Which For Generations Had Produced Soldiers. From His 14th Year, Steuben Led A Soldier's Life. Reared In The Rigorous Military School Of Frederick The ...
Battle Of 9 Ad
Teutoburger Wald, Battle Of (9 A.d.). At The Opening Of The Christian Era The Country Between The Rhine And The Vistula Was Covered By Dense Forests, And Occupied By Numerous Germanic Tribes. As Julius Caesar Had Conquered Gaul, So In His Turn Did Augustus Caesar Determine To Conquer This Region. ...
Battle Of Ad 552
Taginae, Battle Of (a.d. 552). The Battle Of Taginae Was Fought In July 552. It Terminated The Gothic Wars Of The Emperor Justinian, And Was Won Over The Gothic King Baduila By The Eunuch Narses, A General Who In Ability Rivalled The Great Belisarius, His Contemporary. Taginae Is Situated Below ...
Battle Of Stone River
Stone River, Battle Of, A Battle Of The American Civil War, Called The Battle Of Murfreesboro By The Confederates, Fought On Dec. 31, 1862, And Jan. 2, 1863. After His Appointment In October To Command The Army Of The Cumberland, Gen. W. S. Rosecrans, With Chattanooga As His Objective, Moved ...
Battle Of Tannenberg
Tannenberg, Battle Of. No Portion Of The Earth's Surface Has Been More Fought Over Than East Prussia. It Was In 1410, On The Field Of Tannenberg, That The Teutonic Knights Were Utterly Routed By Their Enemies The Poles And Lithuanians, And The German Victory Of 500 Years Later Was In ...
Bayard 1825 1878 Taylor
Taylor, Bayard (1825-1878), American Author, Was Born Of English And German Stock In Chester County (pa.), On Jan. I 1,1825. He Published At Philadelphia In 1844 A Little Volume, Ximena; Or The Battle Of The Sierra Morena, And Other Poems. Remuneration For His Poetry On A Scale Generous For The ...
Bernardino 1509 1588 Telesio
Telesio, Bernardino (1509-1588), Italian Philoso Pher And Natural Scientist, Was Born Of Noble Parentage At Cosenza Near Naples In 1509. He Was Educated At Milan, Rome And Padua. He Began His Attack Upon The Mediaeval Aristotelianism Which Then Flourished In Padua And Bologna. He Began To Lecture At Naples And ...
Boilers And Steam Generators
Boilers And Steam Generators Boilers Are Of The Following Designs : Return Tubular, Water Tube, Electric, Steam Generator. And Can Be Built Larger And For Pressures Up To 1,800 Lb. Per Square Inch. ...
Bolometric Investigation
Bolometric Investigation The Sun's Total Radiation.—one Of The Most Important Charac Teristics Of The Sun Is Its Practice Of Radiating Energy. Of The 3.79 X Io" Ergs Which It Discharges Every Second In The Form Of Light, Heat, And Other Ethereal Vibrations, Its Attendant Planets And Their Satellites Receive About ...
Brook 1685 1731 Taylor
Taylor, Brook (1685-1731), English Mathematician, Was The Son Of John Taylor, Of Bifrons House, Kent, Was Born At Edmonton In Middlesex On Aug. 18, 1685. He Was Educated At St. John's College, Cambridge, And Studied Mathematics Under John Machin And John Keill. He Obtained In 1708 A Remarkable Solution Of ...
Campaign In South West Africa
South-west Africa, .campaign In. For Some Time Before The Year 1914 The Proximity Of The German Protec Torate Of South-west Africa, Sharing A Common Frontier On Its Southern And Eastern Borders With The Union Of South Africa, Had Been Recognized By The Government Of The Latter Country As An Important ...
Carl 1848 1936 Stumpf
Stumpf, Carl (1848-1936), German Psychologist And Philosopher, Was Born At Wiesentheid, Bavaria, April 21, 1848. He Studied First At Wiirzburg Under Brentano, And Later At Gottingen Under Lotze. He Was Greatly Influenced In His Philosophy And Psychology By These Two Men, And Remained Loyal To Them. He Was Appointed To ...
Carl Spitteler
Spitteler, Carl ( ,1_45-1924), Swiss Poet And Novelist, Was Born At Liestal, Near Basle, April 24, 1845, And Died At Lucerne Dec. 28, 1924. In Youth He Studied Theology, But Did Not Pursue A Clerical Career. After Many Years Of Teaching (eight Of Them In Russia), He Published His First ...
Catalan Literature
Catalan Literature Poetry In The Middle Ages.—although The Catalan Language Is A Branch Of The Southern Gallo-roman, The Literature, In Its Origin Might Be Considered As Supplementary To That Of Provence. Until About The Second Half Of The 13th Century The Poets Of North Eastern Spain Used No Other Language ...
Charles 1811 1874 Sumner
Sumner, Charles (1811-1874), American Statesman, Was Born In Boston, Mass., On Jan. 6, 1811. He Graduated In 183o At Harvard College, And In 1834 At The Harvard Law School. At The Age Of 23 He Was Admitted To The Bar. The Three Years (5837-4o) Spent In Europe Were Years Of ...
Charles Brandon Suffolk
Suffolk, Charles Brandon, 1st Duke Of (c. Was The Son Of William Brandon, Standard-bearer Of Henry Vii., Who Was Slain By Richard Iii. In Person On Bos Worth Field. He Was High In Henry Viii.'s Favour, And Held A Succession Of Offices In The Royal Household. On May 15, 1513 ...
Charles Haddon A A
Spurgeon, Charles Haddon A ( A ,_92 Nonconformist Divine, Was Born At Kelvedon, Essex, On June 19, 1834. He Was The Grandson Of An Essex Pastor, And Son Of John Spurgeon, Independent Minister At Upper Street, Islington. He Went To School At Colchester And Maidstone, And In 1849 He Became ...
Charles Maurice De 1754 1838
Talleyrand-perigord, Charles Maurice De (1754-1838), French Diplomatist And Statesman, Was Born At Paris On Feb. 12 Or 13, 1754, The Son Of Lieutenant-general Charles Daniel De Talleyrand-perigord. His Parents, Descended From Ancient And Powerful Families, Were In Constant Attendance At The Court Of Louis Xv. In His Third Or Fourth ...
Charles Proteus 1865 1923 Steinmetz
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus (1865-1923), American Electrical Engineer, Born At Breslau, Germany, April 9, 1865. He Was Educated At Breslau, Zurich And Berlin, Specializing In Mathematics, Electrical Engineering And Chemistry. His Activities As A Socialist Led Him Into Difficulties With The Authorities, And, After A Short Sojourn In Other Countries, He ...
Charles Stanhope Stanhope
Stanhope, Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl (1753 I 816) , English Statesman And Scientist, Was Born On Aug. 3, 1753, And Educated At Eton And Geneva, Where He Studied Mathematics. In Politics He Was Democratic; He Represented High Wycombe From 1780 Until His Accession To The Peerage In 1786, Giving His ...
Chemical Analysis By The
Chemical Analysis By The Spectroscope Qualitative Analysis.—spectroscopic Methods Provide An Important Aid To Chemical Analysis, Especially When An Element Is Present Only In Small Proportion, Or When Only A Small Quantity Of A Substance Is Available For Examination. The Principles In Volved In Qualitative Analysis Are Embodied In What Has ...
Classes Of Stock
Classes Of Stock Stock Of A Corporation Is A Commodity Which The Corporation Must Sell In Order To Raise The Funds Necessary For The Business, And Therefore It Is Incumbent Upon The Corporation To Make This Commodity As Attractive As Possible, This In Order Not Only That It May Be ...
Conference Of Spa
Spa, Conference Of (july 5-16, 5920). This Was The First Occasion After The World War Of 1914-18 On Which The Heads Of The German And Allied Governments Negotiated On A Formal Footing Of Equality. The Crucial Questions At Issue Were The Exe Cution Of The Disarmament Clauses And The Coal ...